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Heel Lifts
Heel lifts, also known as shoe inserts, are commonly used as therapy for leg-length differences leading to knee, hip, and back pain. They attempt to reduce stress on the Achilles' tendon during healing, and for various rehabilitation uses. The intent of a heel lift is not to absorb shock or spread pressure on the foot, but to raise one foot in order to shift balance and gait. As such, these products should be firm and not compressible, in order to add a constant amount of height without causing the heel to rub vertically in the shoe. Calculation A commonly used formula for calculating the amount lift necessary for short leg syndrome was presented by David Heilig: L where Duration (D) is 0-10 years = 1 pt 10-30 years = 2 pts 30+ years = 3 pts SBU is Sacral Base Unleveling (SBU), and L is the amount of Lift required (L). and Compensation (C)> is absent (none) = 0 pts Sidebending and rotation (of the spine) = 1 pt Wedging, facet size changes, endplates with horizontal growth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shoe Insert
A removable shoe insert, otherwise known as a foot orthosis, insole or inner sole, accomplishes many purposes, including daily wear comfort, height enhancement, plantar fasciitis treatment, arch support, foot and joint pain relief from arthritis, overuse, injuries, leg length discrepancy, and other causes such as orthopedic correction and athletic performance. Medical use of foot orthoses has been criticized as lacking evidence of benefit, and practice is very inconsistent: reputed podiatrists prescribe completely different orthoses for a single patient. Further, effect of a given design of orthosis varies significantly by patient, and standard practice to personalize prescription is not available. However, evidence is mixed: patients often report at least short-term improvements in comfort, and other studies have found effectiveness. Fitting patients There are three standard methods for fitting patients: plaster casts, foam box impressions, or three-dimensional computer imaging ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Therapy
A therapy or medical treatment is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a medical diagnosis. Both words, ''treatment'' and ''therapy'', are often abbreviated tx, Tx, or Tx. As a rule, each therapy has indications and contraindications. There are many different types of therapy. Not all therapies are effective. Many therapies can produce unwanted adverse effects. ''Treatment'' and ''therapy'' are often synonymous, especially in the usage of health professionals. However, in the context of mental health, the term ''therapy'' may refer specifically to psychotherapy. Semantic field The words ''care'', ''therapy'', ''treatment'', and ''intervention'' overlap in a semantic field, and thus they can be synonymous depending on context. Moving rightward through that order, the connotative level of holism decreases and the level of specificity (to concrete instances) increases. Thus, in health-care contexts (where its senses are always nonc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knee Pain
Knee pain is pain in or around the knee. The knee joint consists of an articulation between four bones: the femur, tibia, fibula and patella. There are four compartments to the knee. These are the medial and lateral tibiofemoral compartments, the patellofemoral compartment and the superior tibiofibular joint. The components of each of these compartments can experience repetitive strain, injury or disease. Running long distance can cause pain to the knee joint, as it is a high-impact exercise. The location and severity of knee pain may vary, depending on the cause of the problem. Signs and symptoms that sometimes accompany knee pain include: * Swelling and stiffness * Redness and warmth to the touch * Weakness or instability * Popping or crunching noises * Inability to fully straighten the knee Causes Injuries Some common injuries based on the location include: *Sprain (Ligament sprain) **Medial collateral ligament ** Lateral collateral ligament **Anterior cruciate ligament * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hip Pain
Pain in the hip is the experience of pain in the muscles or joints in the hip, hip/ pelvic region, a condition commonly arising from any of a number of factors. Sometimes it is closely associated with lower back pain. Causes Causes of pain around the hip joint may be intra-articular, extra-articular, or referred pain from neighboring structures, such as sacroiliac joint, spine, symphysis pubis, or the inguinal canal. Common etiology, etiologies include: *Trochanteric bursitis, caused by inflammation of the trochanteric bursa of the outer hip, often affecting both hips *Arthritis of the hip, degeneration of the hip joint from osteonecrosis, trauma, sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, or anatomic anomalies * Meralgia paresthetica, a chronic neurological disorder of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, most common among those who are pregnant or have diabetes * Hip avascular necrosis, cell death of bone tissue in the hip joint brought on by vascular occlusion or coagulation whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Back Pain
Back pain (Latin: ''dorsalgia'') is pain felt in the back. It may be classified as neck pain (cervical), middle back pain (thoracic), lower back pain (lumbar) or coccydynia (tailbone or sacral pain) based on the segment affected. The lumbar area is the most common area affected. An episode of back pain may be Acute (medicine), acute, subacute or Chronic condition, chronic depending on the duration. The pain may be characterized as a dull ache, shooting or piercing pain or a burning sensation. Discomfort can radiate to the arms and hands as well as the Human leg, legs or Human foot, feet, and may include Paresthesia, numbness or weakness in the legs and arms. The majority of back pain is nonspecific and Idiopathic disease, idiopathic. Common underlying mechanisms include degenerative or traumatic changes to the Intervertebral disc, discs and facet joints, which can then cause secondary pain in the muscles and nerves and referred pain to the bones, joints and extremities. Diseases ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achilles' Tendon
The Achilles tendon or heel cord, also known as the calcaneal tendon, is a tendon at the back of the lower leg, and is the thickest in the human body. It serves to attach the plantaris muscle, plantaris, gastrocnemius muscle, gastrocnemius (calf) and soleus muscles to the calcaneus (heel) bone. These muscles, acting via the tendon, cause plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle, ankle joint, and (except the soleus) flexion at the knee. Abnormalities of the Achilles tendon include inflammation (Achilles tendinitis), degeneration, Achilles tendon rupture, rupture, and becoming embedded with cholesterol deposits (xanthomas). The Achilles tendon was named in 1693 after the Greek hero Achilles. History The oldest-known written record of the tendon being named after Achilles is in 1693 by the Flemish/Dutch anatomist Philip Verheyen. In his widely used text he described the tendon's location and said that it was commonly called "the cord of Achilles." The tendon has been described ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physical Therapy
Physical therapy (PT), also known as physiotherapy, is a healthcare profession, as well as the care provided by physical therapists who promote, maintain, or restore health through patient education, physical intervention, disease prevention, and health promotion. Physical therapist is the term used for such professionals in the United States, and physiotherapist is the term used in many other countries. The career has many specialties including musculoskeletal, orthopedics, cardiopulmonary, neurology, endocrinology, sports medicine, geriatrics, pediatrics, women's health, wound care and electromyography. PTs practice in many settings, both public and private. In addition to clinical practice, other aspects of physical therapy practice include research, education, consultation, and health administration. Physical therapy is provided as a primary care treatment or alongside, or in conjunction with, other medical services. In some jurisdictions, such as the United Kin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shock (mechanics)
In mechanics and physics, shock is a sudden acceleration caused, for example, by impact (mechanics), impact, drop, kick, earthquake, or explosion. Shock is a transient physical excitation. Shock describes matter subject to extreme rates of force with respect to time. Shock is a vector that has units of an acceleration (rate of change of velocity). The unit ''g'' (or ''g'') represents multiples of the standard acceleration of gravity and is conventionally used. A shock pulse can be characterised by its peak acceleration, the duration, and the shape of the shock pulse (half sine, triangular, trapezoidal, etc.). The shock response spectrum is a method for further evaluating a mechanical shock. Shock measurement Shock measurement is of interest in several fields such as *Propagation of heel shock through a runner's body *Measure the magnitude of a shock need to cause damage to an item: fragility. *Measure shock attenuation through athletic flooring *Measuring the effectiveness ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foot (anatomy)
The foot (: feet) is an anatomical structure found in many vertebrates. It is the terminal portion of a limb which bears weight and allows locomotion. In many animals with feet, the foot is an organ at the terminal part of the leg made up of one or more segments or bones, generally including claws and/or nails. Etymology The word "foot", in the sense of meaning the "terminal part of the leg of a vertebrate animal" comes from Old English ''fot'', from Proto-Germanic *''fot'' (source also of Old Frisian ''fot'', Old Saxon ''fot'', Old Norse ''fotr'', Danish ''fod'', Swedish ''fot'', Dutch ''voet'', Old High German ''fuoz'', German ''Fuß'', Gothic ''fotus'', all meaning "foot"), from PIE root *''ped-'' "foot". The plural form ''feet'' is an instance of i-mutation. Structure The human foot is a strong and complex mechanical structure containing 26 bones, 33 joints (20 of which are actively articulated), and more than a hundred muscles, tendons, and ligaments.Podiatry Channe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balance (ability)
Balance in biomechanics, is an ability to maintain the line of gravity (vertical line from centre of mass) of a body within the base of support with minimal postural sway. Sway is the horizontal movement of the centre of gravity even when a person is standing still. A certain amount of sway is essential and inevitable due to small perturbations within the body (e.g., breathing, shifting body weight from one foot to the other or from forefoot to rearfoot) or from external triggers (e.g., visual distortions, floor translations). An increase in sway is not necessarily an indicator of dysfunctional balance so much as it is an indicator of decreased sensorimotor control. Maintaining balance Maintaining balance requires coordination of input from multiple sensory nervous system, sensory systems including the vestibular system, vestibular, somatosensory system, somatosensory, and visual systems. * Vestibular system: sense organs that regulate equilibrium (equilibrioception); directiona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gait
Gait is the pattern of Motion (physics), movement of the limb (anatomy), limbs of animals, including Gait (human), humans, during Animal locomotion, locomotion over a solid substrate. Most animals use a variety of gaits, selecting gait based on speed, terrain, the need to wikt:maneuver, maneuver, and energetic efficiency. Different animal species may use different gaits due to differences in anatomy that prevent use of certain gaits, or simply due to evolved innate preferences as a result of habitat differences. While various gaits are given specific names, the complexity of biological systems and interacting with the environment make these distinctions "fuzzy" at best. Gaits are typically classified according to footfall patterns, but recent studies often prefer definitions based on mechanics. The term typically does not refer to limb-based propulsion through fluid mediums such as water or air, but rather to propulsion across a solid substrate by generating reactive forces against ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shoe
A shoe is an item of footwear intended to protect and comfort the human foot. Though the human foot can adapt to varied terrains and climate conditions, it is vulnerable, and shoes provide protection. Form was originally tied to function, but over time, shoes also became fashion items. Some shoes are worn as safety equipment, such as Steel-toe boot, steel-toe boots, which are required footwear at industrial worksites. Additionally, shoes have often evolved into many different designs; High-heeled shoe, high heels, for instance, are most commonly worn by women during fancy occasions. Contemporary footwear varies vastly in style, complexity and cost. Basic sandals may consist of only a thin sole (shoe), sole and simple strap and be sold for a low cost. High fashion shoes made by famous Fashion design, designers may be made of expensive materials, use complex construction and sell for large sums of money. Some shoes are designed for specific purposes, such as boots designed specif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
