|
Harem Of The Muhammad Ali Dynasty
The rulers of the Muhammad Ali dynasty kept a harem during the Khedivate of Egypt (1805–1914). The harem was the quarters of the royal court in which the female members of the court, including the female relatives, wives, Concubinage in Islam, concubines (sex slaves) and female servants lived in seclusion under sex segregation. This was common for all Muslim royal courts, with some variation in how the harem was organized. In the case of the Muhammad Ali dynasty, the harem was dissolved in the 1930s, when the women of the royal family left seclusion. History The royal harem during the Muhammad Ali dynasty of the Khedivate of Egypt (1805–1914) was modelled after Ottoman example, the khedives being the Egyptian viceroys of the Ottoman sultans. Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Muhammad Ali was appointed vice roy of Egypt in 1805, and by Imperial Ottoman example assembled a harem of slave Concubinage in Islam, concubines in the Palace Citadel of Cairo which, according to a traditional ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inji Hanem Effendi
Inji Hanim (; ; died 5 September 1890) was the first wife of Sa'id of Egypt, Sa'id Pasha, Wāli of Egypt and Sudan from 1854 until 1863. She was known among the Europeans as Princess Sa'id. Marriage She was captured as a slave at the age of 6. Inji was brought to the Harem of the Muhammad Ali dynasty and married viceroy Sa'id Pasha, before his accession to the throne. Some otherwise perceptive foreign residents were convinced that she was his sole consort, a measure of the obscurity Melekber Hanim. Sa'id always remained loyal to her. She was red haired, charming and accomplished. Like Muhammad Ali and his grandson Isma'il Pasha, Sa'id was attuned to international opinion and "courted publicity." Inji may be an early example of the "diplomatic wife", the wife that Ottoman statesman in the later nineteenth century designated as the one to receive the wives of foreign diplomats and other lady visitors. Indeed, she acquired her fame among Europeans mainly due to her willingness to rec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanim
Khanum, Hanum, Hanım, Hanem, Khanom, or Khanoum (Uzbek language, Uzbek: Xonim/Хоним, , Mongolian language, Mongolian: Ханым, , , , , , , ) is a female royal family, royal and aristocracy, aristocratic title that was originally derived through a Central Asian title, and later used in the Middle East and South Asia. It is the Femininity, feminine equivalent of the title ''Khan (title), Khan'' for a sovereign or military ruler, widely used by medieval nomadic Turkic peoples living in Asia and Europe and also Proto-Mongols, Mongol tribes living north and northwest of modern-day China. In the construction of words of the Turkic languages, the suffix "-''um / -ım''" adds "''my''", making the word "Khanum" as "my Khan". This arises from the tale, depicting a Khan announcing to his subjects ''I am your Khan, and She is my Khan (Khanum)''. "Khan" is also seen as a title in the Xianbei confederationHenning, W. B., 'A Farewell to the Khagan of the Aq-Aqataran',"Bulletin of the Scho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fatimid Harem
The Fatimid harem refers to the harem belonging to the rulers of the Fatimid dynasty during the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt (909–1171). The harem was the quarters of the royal court in which the female members of the court, including the female relatives, wives, concubines (sex slaves) and female servants lived in seclusion under sex segregation. This was common for all Muslim royal courts, with some variation in how the harem was organized. Hierarchy and organization The Fatimid harem (909–1171) built upon the established model of the Abbasid harem. Female relatives The highest ranked woman in the Fatimid harem was normally the mother of the Caliph, or alternatively the mother of the heir or a female relative, who was given the title ''sayyida'' or ''al-sayyida al-malika'' ("queen"). There was a general dislike of Fatimid princesses marrying outside of the family, since their marriage was seen as a potential political security risk, and it appears they either remained unma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbas II Of Egypt
Abbas Helmy II (also known as ''ʿAbbās Ḥilmī Pāshā'', ; 14 July 1874 – 19 December 1944) was the last Khedive of Egypt and the Sudan, ruling from 8January 1892 to 19 December 1914. In 1914, after the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers in World War I, the nationalist Khedive was removed by the British, then ruling Egypt, in favour of his more pro-British uncle, Hussein Kamel, marking the ''de jure'' end of Egypt's four-century era as a province of the Ottoman Empire, which had begun in 1517. Early life Abbas II (full name: Abbas Hilmy), the great-great-grandson of Muhammad Ali, was born in Alexandria, Egypt on 14 July 1874. In 1887 he was ceremonially circumcised together with his younger brother Mohammed Ali Tewfik. The festivities lasted for three weeks and were carried out with great pomp. As a boy he visited the United Kingdom, and he had a number of British tutors in Cairo including a governess who taught him English. In a profile of Abbas II, the b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tanzimat
The (, , lit. 'Reorganization') was a period of liberal reforms in the Ottoman Empire that began with the Edict of Gülhane of 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876. Driven by reformist statesmen such as Mustafa Reşid Pasha, Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha, and Fuad Pasha, under Sultans Abdülmecid I and Abdülaziz, the Tanzimat sought to reverse the empire's decline by modernizing legal, military, and administrative systems while promoting Ottomanism (equality for all subjects). Though it introduced secular courts, modern education, and infrastructure like railways, the reforms faced resistance from conservative clerics, exacerbated ethnic tensions in the Balkans, and saddled the empire with crippling foreign debt. The Tanzimat’s legacy remains contested: some historians credit it with establishing a powerful national government, while others argue it accelerated imperial fragmentation. Different functions of government received reform, were completely reor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention
The Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention, also known as Anglo-Egyptian Convention for the Suppression of the Slave Trade or Anglo-Egyptian Convention for the Abolition of Slavery was a treaty between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Khedivate of Egypt from 1877. The first version of 1877 was followed by an addition in 1884 and a second addition in 1895. It formally banned the slave trade to Egypt. While slavery itself was not abolished, existing slaves were granted the right to apply for manumission, which managed to phase out slavery by the early 20th-century. Background The British had an ongoing policy of pressure against the Ottoman Empire to prohibit the slave trade. The Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention was preceded by the Firman of 1857, which prohibited the trade in African slaves in to the Ottoman Empire, which Ottoman Egypt formally belonged to. However the Firman of 1857 was nominal on paper only, and the British pressure therefore continued ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emina Ilhamy
Emina Ilhamy (; ; 24 May 1858 – 19 June 1931) also Amina Ilhami, was an Egyptian princess and a member of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty. She was the first Khediva of Egypt from 1879 to 1892, as the wife of Khedive Tewfik Pasha. After the death of Khedive Tewfik, she was the Walida Pasha to their son Khedive Abbas Hilmi II from 1892 to 1914. Early life Princess Emina Ilhamy was born on 24 May 1858 in Constantinople (now Istanbul). She was the eldest daughter of Prince Ibrahim Ilhami Pasha and his consort Nasrin Qadin (died 1871). She had two sisters, Princess Zeynab Ilhamy and Princess Tevhide Ilhamy. Princess Zeynab married Mahmud Hamdi Pasha, fifth son of Isma'il Pasha and Jihan Shah Qadin. She was the granddaughter of Abbas I and Mahivech Hanim. Marriage Princess Emina married her father's cousin, Tewfik Pasha, the son of Egypt's Khedive, Isma'il the Magnificent, on Thursday 16 January 1873. In celebration of the event, Khedive Isma'il held a reception at al-Hilmiyya ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tewfik Pasha
Mohamed Tewfik Pasha ( ''Muḥammad Tawfīq Bāshā''; April 30 or 15 November 1852 – 7 January 1892), also known as Tawfiq of Egypt, was khedive of Khedivate of Egypt, Egypt and the Turco-Egyptian Sudan, Sudan between 1879 and 1892 and the sixth ruler from the Muhammad Ali Dynasty. He inherited a state suffering under the financial and political mismanagement of his predecessor Isma'il Pasha of Egypt, Isma'il. Disaffection in the Egyptian army as well as Anglo-French control of the state in the 1880s culminated in the anti-foreign Urabi revolt. Tewfik also took interest in matters concerning irrigation, education and justice; as well as selling his father's female slaves and closing the court's harem quarters. Early life He was the oldest son of Khedive Isma'il Pasha, Isma'il, and was born on April 30 or November 15, 1852. His mother was Princess Shafaq Nur Hanim. He was not sent to Europe to be educated like his younger brothers, but grew up in Egypt. He spoke French and En ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khedive Ismail
Isma'il Pasha ( ; 25 November 1830 or 31 December 1830 – 2 March 1895), also known as Ismail the Magnificent, was the Khedive of Khedivate of Egypt, Egypt and ruler of Turco-Egyptian Sudan, Sudan from 1863 to 1879, when he was removed at the behest of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Great Britain and French Third Republic, France. Sharing the ambitious outlook of his grandfather, Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Muhammad Ali Pasha, he greatly modernized Egypt and Sudan during his reign, investing heavily in Industrialisation, industrial and economic development, urbanization, and the expansion of the country's boundaries in Africa. His philosophy can be glimpsed in a statement that he made in 1879: "My country is no longer only in Africa; we are now part of Europe, too. It is therefore natural for us to abandon our former ways and to adopt a new system adapted to our social conditions". In 1867, in exchange of a hefty financial compensation to the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umm Walad
In the Muslim world, the title of ''umm al-walad'' () was given to a Concubinage in Islam, slave-concubine who had given birth to a child acknowledged by her master as his. These women were regarded as property and could be sold by their owners, a practice that was permitted at the time under regulations from Prophet Muhammad. After Muhammad’s death, Umar authorized a policy during his time as a caliph, that prohibited owners from selling or gifting their ''umm al-walads'', and upon their owners deaths, they would be granted freedom. Ali, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, initially concurred with Umar's decision. However, after Umar's death and the death of Uthman, who maintained the policy, Ali reversed it in the later period of his caliphate, declaring that ''umm al-walad'' was still sellable despite having given birth to the owner's child. Ali's viewpoint was eventually integrated into Shia Islam, Shi'ism, along with the acceptance of Nikah mut'ah, temporary marriages. On ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
