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Ha-ha (garden)
A ha-ha ( or ), also known as a sunk fence, blind fence, ditch and fence, deer wall, or foss, is a recessed landscape design element that creates a vertical barrier (particularly on one side) while preserving an uninterrupted view of the landscape beyond from the other side. The name comes from viewers' surprise when seeing the construction. The design can include a turfed incline that slopes downward to a sharply vertical face (typically a masonry retaining wall). Ha-has are used in landscape design to prevent access to a garden by, for example, grazing livestock, without obstructing views. In security design, the element is used to deter vehicular access to a site while minimising visual obstruction. Etymology The name ha-ha is of French origin, and was first used in print in Dezallier d'Argenville's 1709 book ''The Theory and Practice of Gardening'', in which he explains that the name derives from the exclamation of surprise that viewers would make on recognising th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ha Ha Wall Diagram
Ha may refer to: Agencies and organizations * Health authority, a former type of administrative organisation of the NHS in England and Wales * Hells Angels Motorcycle Club * Highways Agency (renamed ''Highways England'', now ''National Highways''), UK government body maintaining England's major roads * Homelessness Australia, peak body organisation for homeless people and services * Homosexuals Anonymous an ex-gay program for dealing with unwanted same-sex attractions * Hong Kong Housing Authority Arts, entertainment, and media * Ha (Doseone album), ''Ha'' (Doseone album), 2005 * Ha (Talvin Singh album), ''Ha'' (Talvin Singh album), 2002 * Ha! (Killing Joke album), ''Ha!'' (Killing Joke album), 1982 * Ha (song), "Ha" (song), by Juvenile * Ha! (TV channel), an American all-comedy TV channel * ''Hamar Arbeiderblad'', a Norwegian newspaper * ''Human Action'', a book by the Austrian economist Ludwig von Mises * The Jim Henson Company, formerly known as ha! Language * Ha (Javanese) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Virginia Press
The University of Virginia Press (or UVaP) is a university press A university press is an academic publishing house specializing in monographs and scholarly journals. They are often an integral component of a large research university. They publish work that has been reviewed by scholars in the field. They pro ... that is part of the University of Virginia. It was established in 1963 as the University Press of Virginia, under the initiative of the university's then President, Edgar F. Shannon Jr. Victor Reynolds, previously director of the Cornell University Press, was the first director. The first two publications of the press were reprints of works by Carl Bridenbaugh. The first original book, published in May 1964, was ''A Voyage to Virginia in 1609, Two Narratives'', an edition of William Strachey's ''True Reportory'' and Silvester Jourdain's ''A Discovery of The Barmudas'', edited by Folger Shakespeare Library director Louis Booker Wright. Walker Cowen was the second dir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iona
Iona (; , sometimes simply ''Ì'') is an island in the Inner Hebrides, off the Ross of Mull on the western coast of Scotland. It is mainly known for Iona Abbey, though there are other buildings on the island. Iona Abbey was a centre of Gaelic monasticism for three centuries and is today known for its relative tranquility and natural environment. It is a tourist destination and a place for spiritual retreats. Its modern Scottish Gaelic name means "Iona of (Saint) Columba" (formerly anglicised as "Icolmkill"). In 2019, Iona's estimated population was 120. In March 1980, the Hugh Fraser Foundation donated much of the main island (and its off-lying islands) to the current owner, the National Trust for Scotland. The abbey and some church buildings are owned by the Iona Cathedral Trust. One publication, describing the religious significance of the island, says that the island is "known as the birthplace of Celtic Christianity in Scotland,” and notes that “St Columba came here ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capability Brown
Lancelot "Capability" Brown (born c. 1715–16, baptised 30 August 1716 – 6 February 1783) was an English gardener and landscape architect, a notable figure in the history of the English landscape garden style. Unlike other architects including William Kent, he was a hands-on gardener and provided his clients with a full turnkey service, designing the gardens and park, and then managing their landscaping and planting. He is most famous for the landscaped parks of English country houses, many of which have survived reasonably intact. However, he also included in his plans "pleasure gardens" with flower gardens and the new shrubberies, usually placed where they would not obstruct the views across the park of and from the main facades of the house. Few of his plantings of "pleasure gardens" have survived later changes. He also submitted plans for much smaller urban projects, for example the college gardens along The Backs at Cambridge. Criticism of his style, both in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Kent
William Kent (c. 1685 – 12 April 1748) was an English architect, landscape architect, painter and furniture designer of the early 18th century. He began his career as a painter, and became Principal Painter in Ordinary or court painter, but his real talent was for design in various media. Kent introduced the Palladian style of architecture into England with the villa at Chiswick House, and also originated the 'natural' style of gardening known as the English landscape garden at Chiswick, Stowe Gardens in Buckinghamshire, and Rousham House in Oxfordshire. As a landscape gardener he revolutionised the layout of estates, but had limited knowledge of horticulture. He complemented his houses and gardens with stately furniture for major buildings including Hampton Court Palace, Chiswick House, Devonshire House and Rousham. Early life Kent was born in Bridlington, East Riding of Yorkshire, and baptised on 1 January 1686, as William Cant. His parents were William and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Bridgeman
Charles Bridgeman (1690–1738) was an English garden designer who helped pioneer the naturalistic landscape style. Although he was a key figure in the transition of English garden design from the Anglo-Dutch formality of patterned parterres and avenues to a freer style that incorporated formal, structural and wilderness Wilderness or wildlands (usually in the plurale tantum, plural) are Earth, Earth's natural environments that have not been significantly modified by human impact on the environment, human activity, or any urbanization, nonurbanized land not u ... elements, Bridgeman's innovations in English landscape architecture have been somewhat eclipsed by the work of his more famous successors, William Kent and Lancelot "Capability" Brown. Career Little is recorded of the early life of Charles Bridgeman. He was born in 1690 and raised in modest circumstances. His father was a gardener who is reported to have worked at Wimpole Hall in Cambridgeshire for the Ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landscape Garden
The English landscape garden, also called English landscape park or simply the English garden (, , , , ), is a style of "Landscape architecture, landscape" garden which emerged in England in the early 18th century, and spread across Europe, replacing the more formal, symmetrical French formal garden which had emerged in the 17th century as the principal gardening style of Europe. The English garden presented an idealized view of nature. Created and pioneered by William Kent and others, the "informal" garden style originated as a revolt against the architectural garden and drew inspiration from landscape paintings by Salvator Rosa, Claude Lorrain, and Nicolas Poussin, as well as from the classic Chinese gardens of the East, which had recently been described by European travellers and were realized in the Anglo-Chinese garden.Bris, Michel Le. 1981. ''Romantics and Romanticism.'' Skira/Rizzoli International Publications, Inc. New York 1981. 215 pp. [page 17] Tomam, Rolf, editor. 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garden Feature
Garden features are physical elements, both natural and manmade, used in garden design. *Artificial waterfall * Avenue *Aviary *Bog garden *Borrowed scenery * Bosquet * Broderie * Belvedere *Chashitsu (tea house) * Chōzubachi (basin) * Deck * Dirty kitchen *Exedra *Fence *Fish pond *Folly *Footbridge *Fountain * Garden buildings * Garden pond *Garden railway * Garden room * Garden trellis *Gazebo * Gloriette *Greenhouse *Green wall *Grotto **Shell grotto *Ha-ha *Hedge *Hedge maze *Herbaceous border *Herb garden * Jeux d'eau *Kitchen garden *Knot garden *Koi pond *Lawn ** Tapestry lawn ** Moss lawn *Monopteros * Moon bridge * Moon gate *Mound * Nine-turn bridge *Nymphaeum *Orangery *Pagoda *Parterre *Patio *Pavilion *Pergola *Picnic table *Reflecting pool *Rockery * Scandinavian grillhouse *Scholar's rock * Shade house *Shed *Stepping stones *Stone wall *Stumpery * Sylvan theater * Summerhouse *Terrace *Topiary *Tōrō (lantern) * Trellis *Turf maze *Water feature * Water garden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norman Conquest Of England
The Norman Conquest (or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army made up of thousands of Normans, Norman, French people, French, Flemish people, Flemish, and Bretons, Breton troops, all led by the Duke of Normandy, later styled William the Conqueror. William's claim to the English throne derived from his familial relationship with the childless Anglo-Saxon king Edward the Confessor, who may have encouraged William's hopes for the throne. Edward died in January 1066 and was succeeded by his brother-in-law Harold Godwinson. The Norwegian king Harald Hardrada invaded northern England in September 1066 and was victorious at the Battle of Fulford on 20 September, but Godwinson's army defeated and killed Hardrada at the Battle of Stamford Bridge on 25 September. Three days later on 28 September, William's invasion force of thousands of men and hundreds of ships landed at Pevensey in Sussex in southern England. Harold marched south to oppose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salter (trap)
A salter is a structure that enabled deer to leap into an enclosed area but prevented them from leaving. From the Latin ''saltare'', "to jump." Now the word provides understanding in the study of toponymic surnames, and toponymy, or the study of place names. Salters were used to populate private deer parks. "Salter" may be preferred over "deer-leap", which is ambiguous and does not convey its "one-way" nature. It is a shortening of the term ''saltatorium''. Historically, salters were prized and highly regulated as gifts from the monarchy. For example, in 1358, Edward III granted "for the king's special affection for Mary de Sancto Paulo, Countess of Pembroke, that for her life she shall have two deer-leaps in her park Fodryngeye." Construction A salter consists of a short ditch, with one side higher than the other. The high side is topped by a picket-style fence or palisade, while the low side is planted to attract deer. Natural features were sometimes used, such as rock ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anglo-Saxon England
Anglo-Saxon England or early medieval England covers the period from the end of Roman Empire, Roman imperial rule in Roman Britain, Britain in the 5th century until the Norman Conquest in 1066. Compared to modern England, the territory of the Anglo-Saxons stretched north to present day Lothian in southeastern Scotland, whereas it did not initially include western areas of England such as Cornwall, Herefordshire, Shropshire, Cheshire, Lancashire, and Cumbria. The 5th and 6th centuries involved the collapse of economic networks and political structures and also saw a radical change to a new Anglo-Saxon language and culture. This change was driven by movements of peoples as well as changes which were happening in both northern Gaul and the North Sea coast of what is now Germany and the Netherlands. The Anglo-Saxon language, also known as Old English, was a close relative of languages spoken in the latter regions, and genetic studies have confirmed that there was significant migrat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deer Park (England)
In Middle Ages, medieval and Early Modern period, Early Modern Kingdom of England, England, Medieval Wales, Wales and Lordship of Ireland, Ireland, a deer park () was an enclosed area containing deer. It was bounded by a ditch and bank with a wooden park Palisade, pale on top of the bank, or by a stone or brick wall. The ditch was on the inside increasing the effective height. Some parks had deer "Salter (trap), leaps", where there was an external ramp and the inner ditch was constructed on a grander scale, thus allowing deer to enter the park but preventing them from leaving. Deer parks could vary in size from a circumference of many miles down to what amounted to little more than a deer paddock. The landscape within a deer park was manipulated to produce a habitat that was both suitable for the deer and also provided space for hunting. "Tree dotted lawns, tree clumps and compact woods" provided "launds" (pasture) over which the deer were hunted and wooded cover for the deer t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
