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Great Construction Sites Of Communism
Great Construction Projects of Communism () is a phrase that is used to identify a series of the most ambitious construction megaprojects of major great importance for the economy of the Soviet Union. The projects were initiated in the 1950s on the command of Joseph Stalin. The following projects in irrigation, navigation, and hydroelectric power were initiated in 1950.A.A. Sokolov, ''Hydrography of the USSR'', ''Gidrometeoizdat'', Leningrad, 1952section "Great construction sites of communism *Kuybyshev Hydroelectric Station, now Zhiguli Hydroelectric Station in Samara Oblast, Russia *Stalingrad Hydroelectric Station, now Volga Hydroelectric Station near Volgograd, and the associated irrigation network in the Caspian Depression *The system of Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant in the lower part of the Dnieper river *North Crimean Canal, Kakhovka Canal, and irrigation networks in northern Crimea and southern Ukraine *Main Turkmen Canal, unfinished *The Volga–Don Canal Стали� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Construction
Construction are processes involved in delivering buildings, infrastructure, industrial facilities, and associated activities through to the end of their life. It typically starts with planning, financing, and design that continues until the asset is built and ready for use. Construction also covers repairs and maintenance work, any works to expand, extend and improve the asset, and its eventual demolition, dismantling or wikt:decommission, decommissioning. The construction industry contributes significantly to many countries' gross domestic products (Gross domestic product, GDP). Global expenditure on construction activities was about $4 trillion in 2012. In 2022, expenditure on the construction industry exceeded $11 trillion a year, equivalent to about 13 percent of global Gross domestic product, GDP. This spending was forecasted to rise to around $14.8 trillion in 2030. The construction industry promotes economic development and brings many non-monetary benefits to many cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kakhovka Canal
The Kakhovka Canal () is a canal in southern Ukraine connecting between the Dnipro river and the Sea of Azov. It has a total length of , and is a part of the Kakhovka Irrigation System that provides irrigation for farmlands in much of Kherson Oblast. History The canal was completed in 1979, and provides water for of farmland. In 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Russian military blew up the main pumping station Pumping stations, also called pumphouses, are public utility buildings containing pumps and equipment for pumping fluids from one place to another. They are critical in a variety of infrastructure systems, such as water supply, Land reclamation, ... used for the canal. As a result, much of the units responsible for running the canal were flooded. References {{Dnieper River Canals in Ukraine Dnipro Sea of Azov Canals opened in 1979 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baikal–Amur Mainline
The Baikal–Amur Mainline (, , , ) is a broad-gauge railway line in Russia. Traversing Eastern Siberia and the Russian Far East, the -long BAM runs about 610 to 770 km (380 to 480 miles) north of and parallel to the Trans-Siberian Railway. The Soviet Union built the BAM as a strategic alternative route to the Trans–Siberian Railway, seen as vulnerable especially along the sections close to the border with China. The BAM cost $14 billion, and it was built with special, durable tracks since much of it ran over permafrost. Due to the severe terrain, weather, length and cost, Soviet general secretary Leonid Brezhnev described BAM in 1974 as "the construction project of the century". If the permafrost layer that supports the BAM railway line were to melt, the railway would collapse and sink into peat bog layers that cannot bear its weight. In 2016 and 2018 there were reports about climate change and damage to buildings and infrastructure as a result of thawing permafrost. Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnitogorsk Iron And Steel Works
Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works (), abbreviated as MMK, is an iron and steel company located in the city of Magnitogorsk, Russia. As of 2017, it was the 30th largest steel company in the world. In 2021, the company's revenue amounted to 786 billion rubles (€7,471,716,000). History of Magnitogorsk mining Historically, the centre of Russian iron production was focused in the Tula region. However, in the early part of the 18th century, a shift towards developing the industrial capabilities of the Urals took place, more than doubling Russia's iron production. In 1828, a series of geological surveys began as part of an effort to determine the mineral make up of the Magnitnaya Mountain and create estimates of the possible amount of iron contained underneath it. By the latter part of the 19th century, a small town was established and grew to more than 10,000 residents. During this time, between 30,000 and 50,000 tons of raw iron were extracted in the area annually. Establishment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Station
The Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Station (also referred to as The ''50 years of Great October'' Dam) is a concrete gravity dam on the Angara River and adjacent hydroelectric power station. It is the second level of the Angara River hydroelectric station cascade in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. From its commissioning in 1966, the station was the world's single biggest power producer until Krasnoyarsk Hydroelectric Power Station reached 5,000 MW (at 10 turbines) in 1971. Annually the station produces 22.6 TWh. Currently, the Bratsk Power Station operates 18 hydro-turbines, each with capacity of 250 MW, produced by the Leningrad Metal Works ("LMZ", , ) in the 1960s. Design and specifications Dam Components: * concrete wall 924 m long and 124.5 m high at its maximum (stationary part 515 m long, waterdrop part 242 m long, dumb part 167 m). * by-wall house 516 m long * riverbank concrete walls all 506 m long * right bank ground wall 2, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dnieper Hydroelectric Station
The Dnieper Hydroelectric Station (), also known as the Dnipro Dam, is a hydroelectric power station in the city of Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine. Operated by Ukrhydroenergo, it is the fifth and largest station in the Dnieper reservoir cascade, a series of hydroelectric stations on the Dnieper river that supply power to the Donets–Kryvyi Rih industrial region. Its dam has a length of , a height of , and a flow rate of per second. The dam elevates the Dnieper river by and maintains the water level of the Dnieper Reservoir, which has a volume of 3.3 km3 and stretches upstream to the nearby city of Dnipro. The reservoir's two shipping canals—the disused original one with three staircase locks and a newer one with one staircase lock—allow ships to bypass the dam at its eastern end and sail upstream as far as the Pripyat River. A highway on the dam and bridge over the shipping canals enable vehicles to cross the Dnieper. The electric station was built by the Soviet Union ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscow Canal
The Moscow Canal (), named the Moskva–Volga Canal until 1947, is a canal in Russia that connects the Moskva (river) with the Volga. It is located in Moscow itself and in the Moscow Oblast. The canal connects to the Moskva River in Tushino (an area in the north-west of Moscow), from which it runs approximately north to meet the Volga River in the town of Dubna, just upstream of the dam of the Ivankovo Reservoir. The length of the canal is . It was constructed between 1932 and 1937 by 200,000 gulag prisoners, under direction of the NKVD, Soviet secret police and Matvei Berman. Construction By the early 1930s, Moscow had begun to experience a shortage of drinking and industrial water due to population growth, and the capacity of the Rublevskoye water pipeline did not meet the capital's water needs. On June 15, 1931, the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party approved the report of L. M. Kaganovich on the water situation in the capital and other cities, and adopted the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Sea–Baltic Canal
The White Sea–Baltic Canal (), often abbreviated to White Sea Canal (), is a man-made ship canal in Russia opened on 2 August 1933. It connects the White Sea, in the Arctic Ocean, with Lake Onega, which is further connected to the Baltic Sea. Until 1961, it was called by its original name: the Joseph Stalin, Stalin White Sea–Baltic Canal (''Belomorsko-Baltiyskiy Kanal imeni Stalina''). The canal was constructed by forced labor of gulag inmates. Beginning and ending with a labor force of 126,000, between 12,000 and 25,000 laborers died according to official records,''Александр Кокурин, Юрий Моруков''. Сталинские стройки ГУЛАГа.1930–53, Москва, Материк 2005, — 568 с. — С. 34. while Anne Applebaum's estimate is 25,000 deaths. The canal runs , partially along several canalized rivers and Lake Vygozero. As of 2008, it carries only light traffic of between ten to forty boats per day. Its economic advantages are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rostov Oblast
Rostov Oblast ( rus, Росто́вская о́бласть, r=Rostovskaya oblastʹ, p=rɐˈstofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the Southern Federal District. The oblast has an area of and a population of 4,200,729 (Russian Census (2021), 2021 Census), making it the sixth most populous federal subject in Russia. Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Rostov-on-Don, which also became the administrative center of the Southern Federal District in 2002. Geography Rostov Oblast borders Ukraine (Donetsk Oblast, Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts) and also Volgograd Oblast, Volgograd and Voronezh Oblasts in the north, Krasnodar Krai, Krasnodar and Stavropol Krais in the south, and the Republic of Kalmykia in the east. The Rostov oblast is located in the Pontic–Caspian steppe, Pontic-Caspian steppe. It is directly north over the North Caucasus and west of the Yergeni hills.G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsimlyansk Reservoir
Tsimlyansk Reservoir or Tsimlyanskoye Reservoir () is an artificial lake on the Don River in the territories of Rostov and Volgograd Oblasts at . Completed in 1952, the reservoir is one of the largest in Russia, providing power () and irrigation to the Rostov and Volgograd regions. Crops grown around the lake include wheat, rice, cotton, maize, alfalfa, fruit, grapes, and vegetables. The reservoir, together with the Volga–Don Canal and the lower course of the Don, provides an important waterway between the Volga River / Caspian Sea basin and the Sea of Azov. The Tsimlyansk Dam also provides flood control for the lower Don River basin. Completion of the lake resulted in strong local industrial growth. In particular, the city of Volgodonsk owes its existence to the Tsimlyansk Dam project. Under the waters lies the ancient Khazar fortress town of Sarkel. Navigation Along with the Volga–Don Canal, the reservoir forms part of a waterway for the shipping of raw materials from th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kakhovka Dam
The Kakhovka Dam was a dam on the Dnieper River (also known as Dnipro) in Kherson Oblast, Ukraine, completed in 1956 and destroyed in 2023, which provided water for the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Station (). The primary purposes of the dam were hydroelectric power generation, irrigation, and navigation. It was the sixth and last dam in the Dnieper reservoir cascade. The deep water channel created by the downstream flow allowed shipping up and down river. The facility also included a winter garden. The R47 road and a railway crossed the Dnieper River on the dam. The Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant had a staff of 241 in October 2015. The director is Yaroslav Kobelya from September 2012. As of 2019, the dam was profitable bringing ₴6.1 million ($236,000) to local government budgets and ₴44.6 million ($1.73 million) to the national income. On the morning of 6June 2023, much of the dam was destroyed while it was under Russian control during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. His ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volga–Don Canal
Lenin Volga–Don Shipping Canal (Russian language, Russian: Волго-Донской судоходный канал имени, ''В. И. Ленина, Volga-Donskoy sudokhodniy kanal imeni V. I. Lenina'', abbreviated ВДСК, ''VDSK'') is a ship canal in Russia. It connects the Volga and the Don (river), Don at their closest points. Opened in 1952, its length is , of which is through rivers and reservoir (water), reservoirs. The canal forms a part of the Unified Deep Water System of European Russia. Together with the lower Volga and the lower Don, the canal provides the shortest navigable connection between the Caspian Sea and the world's oceans via the Sea of Azov, the Black Sea, and the Mediterranean, Mediterranean Sea. History There has been a trade and military route between the Volga and Don River, Don rivers since early human history. The presence of the fortified settlement Tanais in the Don River delta since the time of the Bosporan Kingdom, 438 BC– 370 AD ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
