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Grapevine Fanleaf Virus
Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family '' Secoviridae''. It infects grapevines, causing chlorosis In botany, chlorosis is a condition in which leaves produce insufficient chlorophyll. As chlorophyll is responsible for the green color of leaves, chlorotic leaves are pale, yellow, or yellow-white. The affected plant has little or no ability to ... of the leaves and lowering the fruit quality.P. Andret-Link ''et al.'' Journal of Plant Pathology (2004), 86(3), 183–195 Because of its effect on grape yield, GFLV is a pathogen of commercial importance. It is transmitted via a nematode vector, '' Xiphinema index''. This nematode acquires the virus through feeding on roots of an infected plant, and passes it on in the same manner. Host and Symptoms: The host for Grapevine fanleaf virus or GFLV is the vitis species. This includes V. vinifera, V. rupestris, and hybrids. The symptoms of GFLV are “distortion of leaves and may cause unusual chlorotic (ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secoviridae
''Secoviridae'' is a family of viruses A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are found in almo ... in the order '' Picornavirales''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 10 genera in the family, four of which are assigned to a subfamily. The family was created in 2009 with the grouping of families ''Sequiviridae'', now dissolved, and ''Comoviridae'', now subfamily ''Comovirinae'', along with the then unassigned genera ''Cheravirus'', ''Sadwavirus'', and ''Torradovirus''. Taxonomy The family includes the following genera (-''virinae'' denotes subfamily and -''virus'' denotes genus): * '' Comovirinae'' ** '' Comovirus'' ** '' Fabavirus'' ** '' Mersevirus'' ** '' Nepovirus'' * Unassigned to a subfamily: ** '' Cheravirus'' ** '' Sadwavirus'' ** '' Sequivirus'' ** '' Stralarivirus'' *** St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitis
''Vitis'' (grapevine) is a genus of 81 accepted species of vining plants in the flowering plant family Vitaceae. The genus consists of species predominantly from the Northern Hemisphere. It is economically important as the source of grapes, both for direct consumption of the fruit and for fermentation to produce wine. The study and cultivation of grapevines is called viticulture. Most cultivated ''Vitis'' varieties are wind-pollinated with hermaphroditic flowers containing both male and female reproductive structures, while wild species are dioecious. These flowers are grouped in bunches called inflorescences. In many species, such as ''Vitis vinifera'', each successfully pollinated flower becomes a grape berry with the inflorescence turning into a cluster of grapes. While the flowers of the grapevines are usually very small, the berries are often large and brightly colored with sweet flavors that attract birds and other animals to disperse the seeds contained within the berries ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorosis
In botany, chlorosis is a condition in which leaves produce insufficient chlorophyll. As chlorophyll is responsible for the green color of leaves, chlorotic leaves are pale, yellow, or yellow-white. The affected plant has little or no ability to manufacture carbohydrates through photosynthesis and may die unless the cause of its chlorophyll insufficiency is treated and this may lead to a plant disease called rusts, although some chlorotic plants, such as the albino ''Arabidopsis thaliana'' mutant ''ppi2'', are viable if supplied with exogenous sucrose. The word ''chlorosis'' is derived from the Greek ''khloros'' meaning "greenish-yellow", "pale green", "pale", "pallid", or "fresh". In viticulture, the most common symptom of poor nutrition in grapevines is the yellowing of grape leaves caused by chlorosis and the subsequent loss of chlorophyll. This is often seen in vineyard soils that are high in limestone such as the Italian wine region of Barolo in the Piedmont (wine), Piedmont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiphinema Index
''Xiphinema index'', the California dagger nematode, is a species of plant-parasitic nematodes. History A major pest of grapes, the California dagger nematode provided the first example of a nematode acting as a vector for a viral plant disease. It has spread to multiple continents where there is viticulture production. Description ''Xiphinema index'' is a migratory ectoparasite that primarily feeds on the root tips of grapes (''Vitis vinifera''). The body of a female is around 3 mm long, and the odontostyle is approximately 126 um long. There is a thick cuticle with thin striations across the body. The female has one or two ovaries that are typically paired. Males and females both have dorsally rounded tails that are short.van Zyl, S., M.A. Vivier, M.A. Walker. 2011. Xiphinema index and its Relationship to Grapevines: A review. S. A. J. of Enology and Viticulture, Vol. 33, No.1 Feeding on a susceptible host causes the root stunting and tip galling. Furthermore, it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nepoviruses
''Nepovirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order '' Picornavirales'', in the family ''Secoviridae'', in the subfamily '' Comovirinae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 55 species in this genus. Nepoviruses, unlike the genera '' Comovirus'' and '' Fabavirus'' in the subfamily '' Comovirinae'', are transmitted by nematodes. Taxonomy The genus contains the following species, listed by scientific name and followed by the exemplar virus of the species: * ''Nepovirus aegaeum'', Artichoke Aegean ringspot virus * ''Nepovirus aeonii'', Aeonium ringspot virus * ''Nepovirus alphaparis'', Paris nepovirus 1 * ''Nepovirus alphavitis'', Grapevine nepovirus A * ''Nepovirus americaense'', Cassava American latent virus * ''Nepovirus anatoliense'', Grapevine Anatolian ringspot virus * ''Nepovirus anemones'', Anemone nepovirus A * ''Nepovirus arabis'', Arabis mosaic virus * ''Nepovirus armeniacae'', Apricot latent ringspot virus * ''Nepovirus arracaciae'', Arracacha virus A * ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
