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Gospel Harmony
A gospel harmony is an attempt to compile the canonical gospels of the Christian New Testament into a single account. This may take the form either of a single, merged narrative, or a tabular format with one column for each gospel, technically known as a synopsis, although the word ''harmony'' is often used for both. Harmonies are constructed for a variety of purposes: to create a readable and accessible piece of literature for the general public, to establish a scholarly chronology of events in the life of Jesus as depicted in the canonical gospels, or to better understand how the accounts relate to each other. Among academics, the construction of harmonies has been favoured by conservative scholars, though one scholar, B. S. Childs, opposes this. Students of higher criticism see the divergences between the gospel accounts as reflecting the construction of traditions by the early Christian communities. Among modern academics, attempts to construct a single story have largely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Four Evangelists Jordaens Louvre Inv1404
4 (four) is a number, numeral (linguistics), numeral and numerical digit, digit. It is the natural number following 3 and preceding 5. It is a square number, the smallest semiprime and composite number, and is tetraphobia, considered unlucky in many East Asian cultures. Evolution of the Hindu-Arabic digit Brahmic numerals represented 1, 2, and 3 with as many lines. 4 was simplified by joining its four lines into a cross that looks like the modern plus sign. The Shunga Empire, Shunga would add a horizontal line on top of the digit, and the Northern Satraps, Kshatrapa and Pallava dynasty, Pallava evolved the digit to a point where the speed of writing was a secondary concern. The Arabs' 4 still had the early concept of the cross, but for the sake of efficiency, was made in one stroke by connecting the "western" end to the "northern" end; the "eastern" end was finished off with a curve. The Europeans dropped the finishing curve and gradually made the digit less cursive, endi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jesus And The Money Changers
In all four canonical gospels of the Christian New Testament, the cleansing of the Temple narrative tells of Jesus expelling the merchants and the money changers from the Temple in Jerusalem. The scene is a common motif in Christian art. In this account, Jesus and his disciples travel to Jerusalem for Passover, where Jesus expels the merchants and consumers from the temple, accusing them of turning it into "a den of thieves" (in the synoptic Gospels) and "a market" (in the Gospel of John) through their commercial activities. The narrative occurs near the end of the Synoptic Gospels (at Matthew 21:12–17, Mark 11:15–19, and Luke 19:45–48) and near the start of the Gospel of John (at John 2:13–16). Some scholars believe that these refer to two separate incidents, given that the Gospel of John also includes more than one Passover. In Description In the narrative, Jesus is stated to have visited the Temple in Jerusalem, where the courtyard was described as being fille ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Fuldensis
The Codex Fuldensis, also known as the Victor Codex (, ''Codex Bonifatianus I''), designated by F, is a New Testament manuscript based on the Latin Vulgate made between 541 and 546. The codex is considered the second most important witness to the Vulgate text; and is also the oldest complete manuscript witness to the order of the Diatessaron. It is an important witness in any discussion about the authenticity of 1 Corinthians 14:34–35Philip B. Payne''Fuldensis, Sigla for Variants in Vaticanus and 1 Cor 14.34–5'' NTS 41 (1995) 251-262. and the Comma Johanneum. It is one of the earliest dated manuscripts of the New Testament. It was corrected until 2 May, 546 AD. Description It contains the Diatessaron (in lieu of the Gospels), the 23 remaining canonical books of the New Testament, the Epistle to the Laodiceans, and a copy of Jerome's ''Prologue to the Canonical Gospels''. It represents the Italian text-type. The four gospels are harmonised into a single continuous narrativ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Sangallensis
Codex Sangallensis (plural ''Codices Sangallenses'') is the designation of codices housed at the Abbey library of Saint Gall in St. Gallen. The codices are indexed with a continuous Arabic number of up to four digits. Many of the codices have been digitized through the e-codices project in Switzerland, with over 2000 of them freely available online. Notable Codices Sangallenses include: * Codex Sangallensis 18 (0130 on the list Gregory-Aland) — fragments of the gospels of Mark and Luke in Greek; 9th century * Codex Sangallensis 22, the Golden Psalter of St. Gallen * Codex Sangallensis 48 (037 on the list Gregory-Aland) — four gospels in Greek with only one lacuna; 9th/10th century * Codex Sangallensis 51 (48 on the list Beuron) — four gospels in Latin; 8th century * Codex Sangallensis 53 — also known as ''Evangelium Longum'', a book known mostly for its valuable covers. * Codex Sangallensis 56 — Diatessaron in Latin; 9th century; copy of the Codex Fuldensis * Codex Sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gospel Of The Ebionites
The Gospel of the Ebionites is the conventional name given by scholars to an apocryphal gospel extant only as seven brief quotations in a heresiology known as the '' Panarion'', by Epiphanius of Salamis; he misidentified it as the "Hebrew" gospel, believing it to be a truncated and modified version of the Gospel of Matthew. The quotations were embedded in a polemic to point out inconsistencies in the beliefs and practices of a Jewish Christian sect known as the Ebionites relative to Nicene orthodoxy. The surviving fragments derive from a gospel harmony of the Synoptic Gospels, composed in Greek with various expansions and abridgments reflecting the theology of the writer. Distinctive features include the absence of the virgin birth and of the genealogy of Jesus; an Adoptionist Christology, in which Jesus is chosen to be God's Son at the time of his Baptism; the abolition of the Jewish sacrifices by Jesus; and an advocacy of vegetarianism. The omission of the genealo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crucifixion Of Jesus
The crucifixion of Jesus was the death of Jesus by being crucifixion, nailed to a cross.The instrument of Jesus' crucifixion, instrument of crucifixion is taken to be an upright wooden beam to which was added a transverse wooden beam, thus forming a "cruciform" or T-shaped structure. It occurred in 1st-century Roman Judaea, Judaea, most likely in AD 30 or AD 33. The event is described in the four canonical gospels, referred to in the New Testament epistles, and later attested to by #Other accounts and references, other ancient sources. Scholars nearly universally accept the Historicity of Jesus, historicity of Jesus's crucifixion, although there is no consensus on the details.Christopher M. Tuckett in ''The Cambridge companion to Jesus'' edited by Markus N. A. Bockmuehl 2001 Cambridge Univ Press pp. 123–124 According to the canonical gospels, Jesus was Arrest of Jesus, arrested and Sanhedrin trial of Jesus, tried by the Sanhedrin, and then Pilate's court, sentenced by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blood Curse
The term "blood curse" refers to a New Testament passage from the Gospel of Matthew, which describes events taking place in Pilate's court before the crucifixion of Jesus, and specifically the alleged willingness of the Jewish crowd to accept liability for Jesus' death.''The Historical Jesus Through Catholic and Jewish Eyes''. Bryan F. Le Beau, Leonard J. Greenspoon and Dennis Hamm, eds. Trinity Press International, 2000. pp. 105-106. Biblical narrative reads: Interpretation This passage has no counterpart in the other Gospels and is probably related to the destruction of Jerusalem in the year 70 CE. German Protestant theologian Ulrich Luz (b. 1938) describes it as "redactional fiction" invented by the author of the Matthew Gospel. Some writers, viewing it as part of Matthew's anti-Jewish polemic, see in it the seeds of later Christian antisemitism. In the view of the late Graham Stanton, a British New Testament scholar in the Reformed tradition, "Matthew's anti-Jewish p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crown Of Thorns
According to the New Testament, a woven crown of thorns ( or ) was placed on the head of Jesus during the Passion of Jesus, events leading up to his crucifixion of Jesus, crucifixion. It was one of the Arma Christi, instruments of the Passion, employed by Jesus' captors both to cause him pain and to Mocking of Jesus, mock his Jesus, King of the Jews, claim of authority. It is mentioned in the gospels of Gospel of Matthew, Matthew (Matthew 27:29), Gospel of Mark, Mark (Mark 15:17) and Gospel of John, John (John 19:2, 19:5), and is often alluded to by the early Church Fathers, such as Clement of Alexandria, Origen and others, along with being referenced in the New Testament Apocrypha, apocryphal Gospel of Peter. Since around 400 AD, a relic has been Veneration, venerated as the crown of thorns. The Franc Emperor of the Middle-East kept it in his on chapel. Louis IX acquired it in 1239 from the emperor Baldwin II, Latin Emperor, Baldwin Il, who was financially in debt due to heavy m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Passion (Christianity)
The Passion (from Latin , "to suffer, bear, endure") is the short final period before the death of Jesus, described in the four canonical gospels. It is commemorated in Christianity every year during Holy Week. The ''Passion'' may include, among other events, Jesus's triumphal entry into Jerusalem, his cleansing of the Temple, his anointing, the Last Supper, his agony, his arrest, his trials before the Sanhedrin and before Pilate, his crucifixion and death, and his burial. Those parts of the four canonical Gospels that describe these events are known as the Passion narratives. In some Christian communities, commemoration of the Passion also includes remembrance of the sorrow of Mary, the mother of Jesus, on the Friday of Sorrows. The word ''passion'' has taken on a more general application and now may also apply to accounts of the suffering and death of Christian martyrs, sometimes using the Latin form ''passio''. Narratives according to the four canonical gospels Acco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francis Watson (theologian)
Francis Watson (born 1956) is an English theologian and New Testament scholar. He commenced his career at King's College London before being appointed to the Kirby Laing Chair of New Testament Exegesis at the University of Aberdeen in 1999. In 2007 he took up his current position as Professor in the Department of Theology and Religion at the Durham University. Watson is well known as a critic of the so-called New Perspective on Paul (NPP). His criticisms of the NPP are all the more significant as he received a positive endorsement of James D. G. Dunn (a NPP proponent) for his doctoral study. After the latter endorsement, Watson explored in particular the social-scientific work of Klaus Berger which contributed to Watson changing his mind dramatically about some results of his unpublished thesis. The result was ''Paul, Judaism, and the Gentiles: A Sociological Approach'', which chronicles Watson's change of mind. Watson is also a major figure in the study of the Gospels. Watson's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
