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Glasgow Outcome Scale
The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) is an ordinal scale used to assess functional outcomes of patients following brain injury. It considers several factors, including a patient's level of consciousness, ability to carry out activities of daily living (ADLs), and ability to return to work or school. The scale provides a structured way to classify patient outcomes into five broad categories: death, vegetative state, severe disability, moderate disability, or good recovery. The scale was first developed by Jennett and Bond in 1975. Later, in 1981, Jennett et al. introduced the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE), which subdivided the upper three categories of the original scale. This resulted in the GOSE having eight outcome categories, which aimed at providing more nuanced distinction between each category. Since their introductions, both the original and extended versions of the scale have been widely adopted in clinical practice, as well as in research studies on brain injur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Activities Of Daily Living
Activities of daily living (ADLs) is a term used in healthcare to refer to an individual's daily self-care activities. Health professionals often use a person's ability or inability to perform ADLs as a measure of their Performance status, functional status. The concept of ADLs was originally proposed in the 1950s by Sidney Katz and his team at the Benjamin Rose Hospital in Cleveland, Ohio. Since then, numerous researchers have expanded on the concept of ADLs. For instance, many indexes that assess ADLs now incorporate measures of mobility. In 1969, Lawton and Brody developed the concept of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) to capture the range of activities that support independent living. These are often utilized in caring for individuals with disabilities, injuries, and the elderly."Activities of Daily Living Evaluation." ''Encyclopedia of Nursing & Allied Health''. ed. Kristine Krapp. Gale Group, Inc., 2002. eNotes.com. 200Enotes Nursing Encyclopedia Accessed on: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bryan Jennett
William Bryan Jennett (1 March 1926 – 26 January 2008) was a British neurosurgeon, a faculty member at the University of Glasgow Medical School, and the first full-time chair of neurosurgery in Scotland. He was the co-developer of the assessment tool known as the Glasgow Coma Scale and made advancements in the care of patients with brain injuries. in 1972, Jennett and the neurologist Fred Plum coined the term ''vegetative state''. Early life Jennett was born and raised in Twickenham to Irish and Scottish parents. Jennett was evacuated from Twickenham during the Second World War. He first moved to rural Scotland and later to Southport, Lancashire where he attended King George V Grammar School before training as a doctor at the University of Liverpool. Education and early career Jennett studied at Liverpool Medical School. He finished top of his year and was President of the national British Medical Students Association. Jennett's first mentor in medicine, Henry Cohen, 1st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Bond (physician)
Sir Michael Richard Bond (born 15 April 1936) is an English physician and medical researcher, whose specialism lies in the study of pain. He has held a number of national and international appointments in his field and was Professor of Psychological Medicine at the University of Glasgow from 1973 to 1998. Early life Bond was educated at Magnus Grammar School in Newark, Nottinghamshire and studied Medicine at the University of Sheffield. He graduated MBChB in 1961, undertook general medical training at Sheffield Royal Infirmary from 1961 to 1962, and worked as an Assistant Lecturer and Resident Registrar at the Department of Surgery of the University from 1962 to 1964 whilst carrying out research, for which he was awarded an MD in 1964. He then lectured in the Department of Psychiatry whilst undertaking a PhD, moving to the Institute of Neurological Sciences of the University of Glasgow, based at the city's Southern General Hospital, in 1967. Career Upon completing his PhD i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modified Rankin Scale
The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is a commonly used scale for measuring the degree of disability or dependence in the daily activities of people who have suffered a stroke or other causes of neurological disability. It has become the most widely used clinical outcome measure for stroke clinical trials. The scale was originally introduced in 1957 by Dr. John Rankin of Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland as a 5-level scale ranging from 1 to 5. It was then modified by either van Swieten et al. or perhaps Prof. C. Warlow's group at Western General Hospital in Edinburgh for use in the UK-TIA study in the late 1980s to include the value '0' for patients who had no symptoms. As late as 2005 the scale was still being reported as ranging from 0 to 5. Somewhere between 2005 and 2008 the final change was made to add the value '6' to designate patients who had died. The modern version of modified version differs from Rankin's original scale mainly in the addition of grade 0, indicating a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barthel Scale
The Barthel scale is an ordinal scale used to measure performance in activities of daily living (ADL). Each performance item is rated on this scale with a given number of points assigned to each level or ranking. It uses ten variables describing ADL and mobility. A higher number is associated with a greater likelihood of being able to live at home with a degree of independence following discharge from a hospital. The amount of time and physical assistance required to perform each item are used in determining the assigned value of each item. External factors within the environment affect the score of each item. If adaptations outside the standard home environment are met during assessment, the participant's score will be lower if these conditions are not available. If adaptations to the environment are made, they should be described in detail and attached to the Barthel index. The scale was introduced in 1965, and yielded a score of 0–100 (Mahoney, F.I. & Barthel, D.W., 1965. F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disability Rating Scale
The Disability Rating Scale (DRS) was developed as a way to track a traumatic brain injury ( TBI) patient from 'Coma to Community'. The scale was used to rate the effects of injury and decide how long recovery might take. The rating gives insight into the cognitive impairment of the individual with the TBI. The idea of the DRS is similar to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). However, the point of the scale is to track the patient's progress over timeNichol, et al. (2011), 283 while the GOS is used to simply determine the extent of a brain injury. In many ways, the DRS addresses many of the shortcomings of the GOS.Shulka, Devi, & Agrawal (2010), 438 Training is not required to be able to administer the DRS. However, there is an optional video and powerpoint presentation. The test itself takes anywhere from 1 minute to 30 minutes to administer. It can be self-administered or done through an interview. History M. Rappaport introduced the DRS in 1982 to overcome the poor precision of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diagnostic Emergency Medicine
Diagnosis (: diagnoses) is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in a lot of different disciplines, with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience, to determine "cause and effect". In systems engineering and computer science, it is typically used to determine the causes of symptoms, mitigations, and solutions. Computer science and networking * Bayesian network * Complex event processing * Diagnosis (artificial intelligence) * Event correlation * Fault management * Fault tree analysis * Grey problem * RPR problem diagnosis * Remote diagnostics * Root cause analysis * Troubleshooting * Unified Diagnostic Services Mathematics and logic * Bayesian probability * Block Hackam's dictum * Occam's razor * Regression diagnostics * Sutton's law Medicine * Medical diagnosis * Molecular diagnostics Methods * CDR computerized assessment system * Computer-aided diagnosis * Differential diagnosis * Retrospective diagnosis Tool ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medical Scales
Medicine is the science and practice of caring for patients, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness. Contemporary medicine applies biomedical sciences, biomedical research, genetics, and medical technology to diagnose, treat, and prevent injury and disease, typically through pharmaceuticals or surgery, but also through therapies as diverse as psychotherapy, external splints and traction, medical devices, biologics, and ionizing radiation, amongst others. Medicine has been practiced since prehistoric times, and for most of this time it was an art (an area of creativity and skill), frequently having connections to the religious and philosophical beliefs of local culture. For example, a medicine man would apply herbs and say prayers for healin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
