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Glaciers Of Iceland
The glaciers and ice caps of Iceland covered 11% of the land area of the country, up to about 2008. this was down to 10%. They have a considerable impact on its landscape and meteorology. Glaciers are also contributing to the Icelandic economy, with a tourist market that includes glacier trips on snowmobiles and glacier hiking tours. However, the recent loss of ice due to climate change is an increasing concern in Icelandic society. Description Glaciers can both grow in size and regress depending upon several factors of which climate and precipitation in the glaciers catchment are the most important. About 7,000 years ago, the Pleistocene ice from the last Ice Age over Iceland disappeared almost entirely, so the current glaciers in Iceland are not that old. In the case of Iceland as several large glaciers are over active volcanoes, geothermal melting can be a substantial component of the glacier ice mass balance. Accordingly Iceland's glacier area varies from year to year and so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iceland
Iceland is a Nordic countries, Nordic island country between the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. It is culturally and politically linked with Europe and is the region's westernmost and most list of countries and dependencies by population density, sparsely populated country. Its Capital city, capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which is home to about 36% of the country's roughly 380,000 residents (excluding nearby towns/suburbs, which are separate municipalities). The official language of the country is Icelandic language, Icelandic. Iceland is on a rift between Plate tectonics, tectonic plates, and its geologic activity includes geysers and frequent Types of volcanic eruptions, volcanic eruptions. The interior consists of a volcanic plateau with sand and lava fields, mountains and glaciers, and many Glacial stream, glacial rivers flow to the sea through the Upland and lowland, lowlands. Iceland i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Okjökull
Okjökull (, Ok glacier) was a glacier in western Iceland on top of the shield volcano Ok. Ok is located north-east of Reykjavík. The glacier was declared dead in 2014 by glaciologist Oddur Sigurðsson due to its loss of thickness. Ice crystals in glaciers collapse under their own weight to form solid ice capable of movement due to central gravitational pressure only when the ice is around forty to fifty metres thick. By 2017 its thickness no longer met this criterion and was less than the 2015 area of which in turn was much less than its size at the start of the twentieth century. Commemorative plaque In 2018, anthropologists Cymene Howe and Dominic Boyer of Rice University filmed a documentary about its loss, ''Not Ok'', and proposed a commemorative plaque. The plaque was installed on August 18, 2019, with an inscription written by Andri Snær Magnason, titled "A letter to the future", in Icelandic and English. The English version reads: Ok is the first Icelandi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torfajökull
Torfajökull ( Icelandic for "Torfi's glacier"; ) is a rhyolitic stratovolcano, with a large caldera (central volcano) capped by a glacier of the same name and associated with a complex of subglacial volcanoes. Torfajökull last erupted in 1477 and consists of the largest area of silicic extrusive rocks in Iceland. This is now known to be due to a VEI 5 eruption 55,000 years ago. Geography The volcano is located north of Mýrdalsjökull and south of Þórisvatn Lake, Iceland. To its south-west is the volcano and glacier of Tindfjallajökull and almost directly to its west is the volcano of Hekla. Adjacent to the southern edge of its glacier of Torfajökull it has a peak of but the south-eastern caldera margin also extends to the glacier of Kaldaklofsjökull which is on the western slopes of a peak called Háskerðingur that is high. Laufafell dome at is at the north-western edge of the Torfajökull volcanic system and almost halfway between Hekla and the glacier of Torfajö ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tindfjallajökull
Tindfjallajökull (, alternatively Tindafjallajökull) is a glacier in the south of Iceland whose name is also given to the underlying stratovolcano. Tindfjöll (, "peak mountains") is a ridge that extends to the south of the glacier and is an alternative name for the volcano. The name of the glacier in Icelandic means "Tindfjöll glacier". Geography Its highest peak is Ýmir at , which takes its name from the giant Ýmir of Norse mythology. The peak Ýma is about to its east. The Thórólfsfell (Þórólfsfel) tuya at is on the southern flanks of Tindfjallajökull, about south of the glacier. Its eastern slopes abut the Þórsmörk ignimbrite. The western flank has a prominence near Austurdalur and the eastern flank that of Vestriöxl at . About to the north of Ýma is the peak of Sindri at . Ásgrindur at is a similar distance north of Ýmir. Volcano The central volcano is in diameter with a wide caldera and has erupted rocks of basaltic to rhyolitic composition. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Þrándarjökull
Þrándarjökull () is a small glacier in eastern Iceland. It has an elevation of and is located from Vatnajökull Vatnajökull ( Icelandic pronunciation: , literally "Glacier of Lakes"; sometimes translated as Vatna Glacier in English) is the largest and most voluminous ice cap in Iceland, and the second largest in area in Europe after the Severny Island i ... glacier. Þrándarjökull Þrándarjökull Þrándarjökull {{Iceland-glacier-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eiríksjökull
Eiríksjökull ( Icelandic for "Eirík's glacier", ) is a glacier north-west of Langjökull in Iceland, with an area of reaching a height of , atop the largest table mountain in Iceland which goes by the same name. Geology This volcano which is about three times the area of its capping glacier is in the Western volcanic zone. It rises over above its surrounds and was formed presumably by mongenetic subglacial volcanic activity. It is currently dormant or more likely extinct in terms of volcanic activity. The lowest is a hyaloclastite (móberg) tuya, capped by a thick basaltic lava shield. The volcano is also a composite volcano. Glacier There is an accessible ice-cored moraine A moraine is any accumulation of unconsolidated debris (regolith and Rock (geology), rock), sometimes referred to as glacial till, that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions, and that has been previously carried along by a gla ... beyond the north-east tuya plateau edge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Þórisjökull
Þórisjökull or Thórisjökull (, Icelandic for "Thóris's glacier") is a small glacier and volcano in western-central Iceland, to the southwest of Langjökull glacier. It has an elevation of . Kaldidalur lies in the foreground. Position þórisjökull is situated between Langjökull glacier and the shield volcano Ok to its east. The "Cold valley" (translation of Kaldidalur) is lying between them with its famous highland road of the same name. The volcano The glacier volcano Þórisjökull is a tuya from the Ice Age (in Iceland from 100,000 years ago til about 10,000 years ago). Its mountain part consists mainly of hyaloclastites. The glacier was part of Langjökull glacier probably til the end of the 18th century. Some geological research was made again on the Þórisjökull and Prestahnúkur area in 2009 and it shows clearly active volcanic fissures under the glacier which are part of the Prestahnúkur volcanic system (see weblink, Icelandic Meteorological Institute). T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tungnafellsjökull
Tungnafellsjökull (, "''Tungna-fells glacier''" or "tongue-fells glacier") is a icecap glacier upon a volcano of the same name in Iceland. The volcano is also known as Vonarskarð. Geography It has an elevation of and is located north–west of the area of the Vatnajökull glacier under the Bárðarbunga central volcano. To its west is the volcano of Hofsjökull. The Tungnafellsjökull volcanic system is located in a desert area that is fairly inaccessible, with little vegetation, and large areas of sand and sandy ridges. Three glacial rivers drain the Tungnafellsjökull glacier. Geology It is the eastern most part of the Mid-Iceland belt and thus at the north–eastern corner of the Hreppar microplate. There are two central volcanoes, with the most southern being called Hágöngur and the most northern called here Tungnafellsjökull. Tungnafellsjökull has two calderas, with the western most Tungnafellsjökull caldera being topped by a glacier and the eastern most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eyjafjallajökull
Eyjafjallajökull (; "glacier of (the mountain) Eyjafjöll"), sometimes referred to by the numeronym E15, is one of the smaller ice caps of Iceland, north of Skógar and west of Mýrdalsjökull. The ice cap covers the caldera of a volcano with a summit elevation of . The volcano has erupted relatively frequently since the Last Glacial Period, most recently 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull, in 2010, when, although relatively small for a volcanic eruption, it caused Air travel disruption after the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption, enormous disruption to air travel across northern and western Europe for a week. Geography Eyjafjallajökull consists of a volcano completely covered by an ice cap. The retreating ice cap covered an area of in 2019, but was previously more than , with many outlet glaciers. The main outlet glaciers are to the north: Gígjökull, flowing into Lónið, and Steinsholtsjökull, flowing into Steinsholtslón. In 1967, there was a massive landslide on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drangajökull
Drangajökull (, regionally also ) is the northernmost glacier of Iceland, occupying the southern foothills of the Hornstrandir peninsula in the Westfjords region. It covers approximately 150 km2 and is the only Icelandic ice cap situated entirely below 1,000 metres in elevation. Lake sediment cores show that Drangajökull persisted near or above its present extent well into the mid-Holocene before retreating to near-modern limits between about 9,500 and 7,200 years ago. Modern airborne LiDAR mapping indicates the glacier has lost roughly 1.19 km3 of ice—an average thinning of 8.0 metres—since around 1990, even as its surge-type outlet glaciers periodically advance. Holocene history Sediment cores recovered from seven lakes around Drangajökull reveal how the ice cap behaved during the early and middle Holocene. These "threshold lakes" acted like natural switches: when the glacier margin reached them, meltwater carried fine mineral sediments into the lake basins; when the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mýrdalsjökull
Mýrdalsjökull (pronounced , Icelandic for "(the) mire dale glacier" or "(the) mire valley glacier") is an ice cap on the top of the Katla volcano in the south of Iceland. It is to the north of the town of Vík í Mýrdal and to the east of the smaller ice cap Eyjafjallajökull. Between these two glaciers is the Fimmvörðuháls pass. The glacier contributes to the most serious natural hazard area of Iceland. Setting The icecap of the glacier covers an active volcano. The caldera of Katla has a diameter of and the volcano erupts usually every 40–80 years. The last eruption took place in 1918. Scientists are actively monitoring the volcano, particularly after the eruption of nearby Eyjafjallajökull began in April 2010. There is a further historic relationship with Eyjafjallajökull as the two glaciers were continuous as a single ice cap at the end of the 19th century and only separated into the larger Mýrdalsjökull and smaller Eyjafjallajökull in the middle of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hofsjökull
__NOTOC__ Hofsjökull (Icelandic language, Icelandic: "temple glacier", ) is the third largest ice cap in Iceland after Vatnajökull and Langjökull and covers the largest active central volcano in the country, which has the same name. It is situated in the west of the Highlands of Iceland and north of the mountain range Kerlingarfjöll, between the two largest glaciers of Iceland. Glacier It covers an area of , with the icecap top being , and bottom being at about . There are other summits relating to the underlying volcano with two being at . Hofsjökull is the source of several rivers including the Þjórsá, Iceland's longest river. Changes While all ice caps in Iceland have been losing volume since 1995, due to high precipitation in 2015 and low ablation during the previous cool summer, the Hofsjökull ice cap increased in mass, the first time in 20 years this had happened. Between 1989 and 2015, even allowing for that last years increase, the icecap had lost about 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
