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Ghorfa
A ghorfa () is a type of communal granary found mainly in southern Tunisia. Similar structures are also found in northeastern Libya. They are associated in particular with Berber settlements in these regions. They consist of a collection of vaulted rooms built in rows and stacked in multiple stories organized around an internal courtyard. Terminology The Arabic word ''ghorfa'' () refers in a more narrow sense to the individual rooms of the granary. The granary as a whole can also be known as a ''ksar'' (plur. ''ksour''), the term used for fortified villages in the region. Some similar fortified granaries in Tunisia are referred to by the term '' kasbah''. Historical background The formation of the collective granaries in southern Tunisia and the Nafusa Mountains of Libya can be attributed generally to the 14th century. In more recent centuries, the number of ksour in southern Tunisia increased as local lifestyles became more uniform. At one time, some 6000 ghorfas existed i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Granary
A granary, also known as a grain house and historically as a granarium in Latin, is a post-harvest storage building primarily for grains or seeds. Granaries are typically built above the ground to prevent spoilage and protect the stored grains or seeds from rodents, pests, floods, and adverse weather conditions. They also assist in drying the grains to prevent mold growth. Modern granaries may incorporate advanced ventilation and temperature control systems to preserve the quality of the stored grains. Early origins From ancient times grain has been stored in bulk. The oldest granaries yet found date back to 10th millennium BC, 9500 BC and are located in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A settlements in the Jordan River, Jordan Valley. The first were located in places between other buildings. However beginning around 9th millennium BC, 8500 BC, they were moved inside houses, and by 8th millennium BC, 7500 BC storage occurred in special rooms. The first granaries measured 3 x 3 m on th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ksar Ouled Soltane 01
Ksar or qṣar (), in plural ksour or qsour (), is a type of fortified village in North Africa, usually found in the regions predominantly or traditionally inhabited by Berbers (Amazigh). The equivalent Berber term used is ' (singular) or (plural). Etymology The Arabic ''qaṣr'' () was probably borrowed from the Latin word . Architecture Ksour in the Maghreb typically consist of attached houses, often having a fortified communal granary like those in Algeria, or the ghorfa and agadir types known in Tunisia and Morocco respectively, beside other structures like a mosque, hammam, oven, and shops. Ksur or igherman are widespread among the oasis populations of North Africa. Ksars are sometimes situated in mountain locations to make defense easier; they often are entirely within a single, continuous wall. The building material of the entire structure usually is adobe, or cut stone and adobe. The idea of the ksar as a granary is a confused notion of two things: the granary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rooms
In a building or a ship, a room is any enclosed space within a number of walls to which entry is possible only via a door or other dividing structure. The entrance connects it to either a passageway, another room, or the outdoors. The space is typically large enough for several people to move about. The size, fixtures, furnishings, and sometimes placement of the room within the building or ship (or sometimes a train) support the activity to be conducted in it. History Historically, the use of rooms dates at least to early Minoan cultures about 2200 BC, where excavations at Akrotiri on Santorini reveal clearly defined rooms within certain structures. In early structures, the different room types could be identified to include bedrooms, kitchens, bathing rooms, closets, reception rooms, and other specialized uses. The aforementioned Akrotiri excavations reveal rooms sometimes built above other rooms connected by staircases, bathrooms with alabaster appliances such as washbasi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Menzel (Djerba)
''Menzel'' (Arabic: منزل, lit. "villa"; pronounced in Modern Standard Arabic as ''"manzul"'') is a type of dwelling and agricultural property typical of the Tunisian island of Djerba. The spatial ensemble consisting of the dwelling and associated agricultural plots is usually owned by an extended family and typically occupies between two and five hectares planted with Arecaceae, palm trees, Olive, olive trees, fruit trees, sorghum, cereals, and vegetable farming. Depending on the region where it is implanted, the ''menzel'' has one or several wells or cisterns for irrigating the fields. Description A ''menzel'' is made up of several housing units (''houch''), surrounded by orchards and Field (agriculture), fields. Sometimes associated with the ''menzel'' are weaving workshops, barns, olive oil winery (often underground). Each ''menzel'' has a variable number of wells or cisterns and is surrounded by Grade (slope), slopes (''habia'') with defensive functions, where Arecacea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Douiret
Douiret (Berber: Eddwirat or igherman, ) is a ruined Berber village in the Tataouine district in southern Tunisia. Located on a hilltop near a modern village of the same name, Douiret was a fortified granary, or ksar (plural ''ksour''.) Like other ksour created by North African Berber communities, Douiret was built on a hilltop to help protect it from raiding parties. Douiret is a regular stop on southern Tunisia's ksar Ksar or qṣar (), in plural ksour or qsour (), is a type of fortified village in North Africa, usually found in the regions predominantly or traditionally inhabited by Berbers (Amazigh). The equivalent Berber languages, Berber term used is ' ( ... trail, along with the villages of Chenini, Ksar Ouled Soltane and Ksar Hadada. The old village of Douiret is located 22 km southwest of Tataouine in a rugged mountainous region. The old village transformed into ruins is surmounted by its citadel or ksar overlooking troglodyte houses dug in the mountain and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chenini
Chenini () is a ruined Berber village in the Tataouine district in southern Tunisia. Located on a hilltop near a modern village of the same name, Chenini was a fortified granary, or ksar (plural ''ksour''). History Like other ksour created by North African Berber communities, Chenini was built on a hilltop - in this instance, between two hilltop ridges - to help protect it from raiding parties. The oldest structures on the hillside date back to the 12th century; some of the buildings are still used to store grain for the villagers living in the valley below. Modern times Chenini and the surrounding Tataouine district are also associated with the Star Wars film series. Many scenes for the movies were filmed in the area; one of the moons of the home planet of Luke Skywalker was named Chenini. As of 2023, Chenini was inhabited by around 500 Berber farmers and herders who live in caves carved out of rock, many of which have been modernized. The village is facing a demographic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ksar Hadada
Ksar Hadada (), sometimes known as Ksar Hedada, is a village in southeastern Tunisia. It is well known as being a filming location for 1999 film ''Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace''. The population at the 2004 census was 1298, and 1142 in 2014. Geography Ksar Hadada is surrounded by a mountain range. The village is also home to a valley between 25 and 50 meters deep called Gattar. Several fossils have been found in and around the village. Climate The climate is semi-arid, as the Sahara is only fifty kilometers away, and rain is rare but abundant when it does occur. Temperatures can reach 48°C during the day in summer and go down to 0°C at night in winter. Architecture and education A mosque was built in the 1950s. There are also two cafés, a post office, a library, a football stadium and a dozen shops. The village has a kindergarten and a primary school. On the other hand, the ksar does not have a middle or high school, but there are relationships established ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anakin Skywalker
Darth Vader () is a fictional character in the ''Star Wars'' franchise. He was first introduced in the Star Wars original trilogy, original film trilogy as the primary Antagonist, antagonist and one of the leaders of the Galactic Empire (Star Wars), Galactic Empire. He has become one of the most iconic villains of cinema. The Star Wars prequel trilogy, prequel trilogy chronicles Vader's childhood as a precocious human slave named Anakin Skywalker, liberation by the Jedi Order, and young adulthood as a morally conflicted Jedi, Jedi Knight, under the mentorship of Obi-Wan Kenobi. Skywalker is secretly lured into the Sith warrior cult by the Galactic Republic politician Palpatine. When Palpatine seizes control of the galaxy as its Emperor, Skywalker abandons the Jedi Order and, during a duel with Kenobi, is severely mutilated and thereafter transformed into a cyborg whom Palpatine rebrands as the Sith lord Darth Vader. He serves the Emperor for over two decades, hunting down the re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tatooine
Tatooine ( ) is a fictional desert planet that appears in the ''Star Wars'' franchise. It is a beige-colored, desolate world orbiting a pair of binary stars, and inhabited by human settlers and a variety of other life forms. The planet was first seen in the original 1977 film ''Star Wars'', and has to date featured in a total of seven ''Star Wars'' theatrical films, three live-action television series, and four animated series. It is the home planet of the protagonist of the original Star Wars Trilogy, Luke Skywalker, and of his father, Anakin Skywalker (who later became Darth Vader). It is also the planet where Obi-Wan Kenobi takes up residence under the name "Ben Kenobi" in order to watch over Luke during the former's exile following the events of Order 66 and Anakin's fall to the dark side. Shots of the binary sunset over the Tatooine desert are considered to be an iconic image of the film series, along with the greatest sunset scenes in cinematic history. Development ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Episode I – The Phantom Menace
An episode is a narrative unit within a larger dramatic work or documentary production, such as a series intended for radio, television or streaming consumption. Etymology The noun ''episode'' is derived from the Greek term ''epeisodion'' (). It is abbreviated as '' ep'' (''plural'' eps). Taxonomy An episode is also a narrative unit within a ''continuous'' larger dramatic work. It is frequently used to describe units of television or radio series that are broadcast separately in order to form one longer series. An episode is to a sequence as a chapter is to a book. Modern series episodes typically last 20 to 50 minutes in length. Narrative sub-units Narrative sub-units of episodes are called segments, bounded by interstitials, such as commercials (Radio advertisements and Television advertisements), continuity announcements, or other segments not direct continuations of the prior segment. Carpool Karaoke is a television show segment that is now a spin-off television series. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gasr Al-Hajj
Gasr Al-Hājj (Arabic: قصر الحاج) is a huge fortified granary of circular shape built in the 7th century AH/13th century AD by Abdallah Abu Jatla (Arabic:عبدالله أبوجطلة). It is located in Libya on the Tripoli-'Aziziya-Al Jawf route in Libya about 130 km from Tripoli. It was built to serve as granary for families from the surrounding area in return for quarter of their crops, which, it is said, the owner had endowed as a waqf for teaching Qur'an and Islamic related subjects to the people of the area. The building originally comprised 114 chambers, which could be the number of the subscribing families during the time of construction. It is also speculated that the number 114 was used symbolically to reflect the number of Sura A ''surah'' (; ; ) is an Arabic word meaning 'chapter' in the Quran. There are 114 ''suwar'' in the Quran, each divided into verses (). The ''suwar'' are of unequal length; the shortest ''surah'' ( al-Kawthar) has only three ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
