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Ger District
A Ger district (, ) is a form of residential district in Mongolian settlements. They usually consist of parcels with one or more detached traditional mobile dwellings or gers (hence the name), surrounded by two-metre high wooden fences. In other countries, gers are known as yurts. Most Ger districts are not connected to water supplies, so people get their drinking water from public wells. For a warm shower or a bath, there are bathhouses. Since there is no sewer system, Ger district parcels usually have a pit toilet. Small settlements, like sum centers, may consist almost exclusively of ger districts. Even in Mongolia's capital Ulaanbaatar, around 62% of the population live in such districts. However, only about 43% of the Ger district residents in Ulaanbaatar actually live in gers. Some of the districts in Ulaanbaatar have existed for more than 100 years, for example the one around Gandan, but many of those farther away from the city centre are the result of recent migr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yurt Suburbia
A yurt (from the Turkic languages) or ger (Mongolian) is a portable, round tent covered and insulated with skins or felt and traditionally used as a dwelling by several distinct nomadic groups in the steppes and mountains of Inner Asia. The structure consists of a flexible angled assembly or latticework of wood or bamboo for walls, a door frame, ribs (poles, rafters), and a wheel (crown, compression ring) possibly steam-bent as a roof. The roof structure is sometimes self-supporting, but large yurts may have interior posts or columns supporting the crown. The top of the wall of self-supporting yurts is prevented from spreading by means of a tension band which opposes the force of the roof ribs. Yurts take between 30 minutes and three hours to set up or take down, and are generally used by between five and 15 people. Nomadic farming with yurts as housing has been the primary way of life in Central Asia, particularly Mongolia, for thousands of years. Modern yurts may be perman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mongolia
Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and southeast. It covers an area of , with a population of 3.5 million, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by population density, most sparsely populated sovereign state. Mongolia is the world's largest landlocked country that does not border an Endorheic basin, inland sea, and much of its area is covered by grassy steppe, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and List of cities in Mongolia, largest city, is home to roughly half of the country's population. The territory of modern-day Mongolia has been ruled by various nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu, the Xianbei, the Rouran, the First Turkic Khaganate, the Second Turkic Khaganate, the Uyghur Khaganate and others. In 1206, Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire, which became the largest List of largest empires, contiguous land empire i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yurt
A yurt (from the Turkic languages) or ger (Mongolian language, Mongolian) is a portable, round tent covered and Thermal insulation, insulated with Hide (skin), skins or felt and traditionally used as a dwelling by several distinct Nomad, nomadic groups in the Eurasian Steppe, steppes and Tian Shan, mountains of Inner Asia. The structure consists of a flexible angled assembly or latticework of wood or bamboo for walls, a door frame, ribs (poles, rafters), and a wheel (crown, compression ring) possibly steam-bent as a roof. The roof structure is sometimes self-supporting, but large yurts may have interior posts or columns supporting the crown. The top of the wall of self-supporting yurts is prevented from spreading by means of a tension band which opposes the force of the roof ribs. Yurts take between 30 minutes and three hours to set up or take down, and are generally used by between five and 15 people. Nomadic farming with yurts as housing has been the primary way of life in Cen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fence
A fence is a structure that encloses an area, typically outdoors, and is usually constructed from posts that are connected by boards, wire, rails or net (textile), netting. A fence differs from a wall in not having a solid foundation along its whole length. Alternatives to fencing include a ditch (fortification), ditch (sometimes filled with water, forming a moat). Types By function * Agricultural fencing, to keep livestock in and/or predators out * Blast fence, a safety device that redirects the high energy exhaust from a jet engine * Sound barrier or acoustic fencing, to reduce noise pollution * Crowd control barrier * Privacy fencing, to provide privacy and security * Temporary fencing, to provide safety, security, and to direct movement; wherever temporary access control is required, especially on building and construction sites * Perimeter fencing, to prevent trespassing or theft and/or to keep children and pets from wandering away. * Decorative fencing, to enhan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Bathing
Public baths originated when most people in population centers did not have access to private bathing facilities. Though termed "public", they have often been restricted according to gender, religious affiliation, personal membership, and other criteria. In addition to their hygienic function, public baths have also been social meeting places. They have included saunas, massages, and other relaxation therapies, as are found in contemporary day spas. As the percentage of dwellings containing private bathrooms has increased in some societies, the need for public baths has diminished, and they are now almost exclusively used recreationally. History Indus Valley Civilization Some of the earliest public baths are found in the ruins in of the Indus Valley civilization. According to John Keay, the "Great Bath, Mohenjo-daro, Great Bath" of Mohenjo-daro, Mohenjo Daro in present-day Pakistan was the size of 'a modest municipal swimming pool', complete with stairs leading down to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pit Toilet
A pit latrine, also known as pit toilet, is a type of toilet that collects human waste in a hole in the ground. Urine and feces enter the pit through a drop hole in the floor, which might be connected to a toilet seat or squatting pan for user comfort. Pit latrines can be built to function without water ( dry toilet) or they can have a water seal (pour-flush pit latrine). When properly built and maintained, pit latrines can decrease the spread of disease by reducing the amount of human feces in the environment from open defecation. This decreases the transfer of pathogens between feces and food by flies. These pathogens are major causes of infectious diarrhea and intestinal worm infections. Infectious diarrhea resulted in about 700,000 deaths in children under five years old in 2011 and 250 million lost school days. Pit latrines are a low-cost method of separating feces from people. A pit latrine generally consists of three major parts: a hole in the ground, a concrete slab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
School For International Training
The School for International Training, widely known by its SIT Graduate Institute, is a private non-profit regionally-accredited institution headquartered in Brattleboro, Vermont, United States. The institution has two main divisions. Graduate Institute administers a wide range of internationally-focused master's degree programs as well as a doctorate degree in Global Education. SIT Study Abroad administers undergraduate study abroad programs which combine field-based experiential learning with academic research or internship opportunities. SIT is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education. The school itself is a unit of World Learning, a non-profit international development and education organization that began in 1932 as an international exchange program called the Experiment in International Living. History Established in 1964, the Vermont campus of SIT served as the first training site for the newly-founded Peace Corps and originally consisted of a sma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sums Of Mongolia
A district or sum (; ) is a second-level administrative subdivision of Mongolia. The 21 provinces of Mongolia are divided into 330 sums. On average, each district administers a territory of with about 5,000 inhabitants, primarily nomadic herders. Its total revenue is 120 million Tögrög, 90% of which comes from national subsidies. Each district is again subdivided into ''bags'' (brigades; sometimes spelled ''baghs''Montsame News Agency. ''Mongolia''. 2006, Foreign Service office of Montsame News Agency, , p. 46). Most bags are of an entirely virtual nature. Their purpose is to sort the families of nomads in the district into groups, without a permanent human settlement. Officially, and occasionally on maps, many district seats (''sum'' centers) bear a name different from that of the district. However, in practice the district seat (sum center) is most often referred to under the name of the district, to the point of the official name of the district seat (sum center) being ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gandantegchinlen Monastery
Gandantegchinlen Monastery (, ''Gandantegchenlin khiid''), also known as Gandan Monastery, is a Buddhist monastery in Bayangol District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. It was founded in 1809, closed amid persecutions in 1939, and from 1944 to 1989 was the country's only active monastery. Today, it is the center of Buddhism in Mongolia. The monastery has more than 100 resident monks and numerous Buddhist treasures, including a statue of Avalokiteśvara made of gilded bronze and precious stones. Name The name of the monastery, Gandantegchinlen (Tibetan for "complete rejoicing"), is derived from Ganden Monastery in Tibet, established by Je Tsongkhapa, the founder of the Gelug sect of Tibetan Buddhism. Its translated name in Mongolian is Tegüsbayaskhulangtu, and in Sanskrit it is Tushitamahayanavipa. History The second Jebtsundamba Khutuktu established a ''tsanid'' (Buddhist education center) for the monks of Khüree (modern Ulaanbaatar) in the early 18th century. ''Datsan'' (colleg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ugsarmal Bair
Ugsarmal bair (), or just Ugsarmal, is the Mongolian term for prefabricated high rise panel buildings. Most of these buildings were built in the 1970s and 1980s with Soviet funding and Soviet designs. Most of these buildings offered only small-sized flats to most inhabitants and were made to cheap quality standards while minimising the visual beauty of the buildings, at the same time they supplied a large share of Mongolia's population with flats equipped with modern amenities (tap hot & cold water, in-flat sanitation, central heating) which at the time were still quite rare in the country. Ugsarmals in Ulaanbaatar, Erdenet and Darkhan are often high-rises, while those in the aimag centers usually have only four floors. Most public flats in Mongolia, including those in Ugsarmals, were privatized in the early 1990s. Equivalents in other countries The term ''Ugsarmal bair'' refers specifically to buildings in Mongolia. However, similar buildings ( Plattenbau) were built in ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Air Pollution
Air pollution is the presence of substances in the Atmosphere of Earth, air that are harmful to humans, other living beings or the environment. Pollutants can be Gas, gases like Ground-level ozone, ozone or nitrogen oxides or small particles like soot and dust. It affects both outdoor air and indoor air. Natural sources of air pollution include Wildfire, wildfires, Dust storm, dust storms, and Volcanic eruption, volcanic eruptions. Indoor air pollution is often Energy poverty and cooking, caused by the use of biomass (e.g. wood) for cooking and heating. Outdoor air pollution comes from some industrial processes, the burning of Fossil fuel, fossil fuels for electricity and transport, waste management and agriculture. Many of the contributors of local air pollution, especially the burning of fossil fuels, also cause greenhouse gas emissions that cause climate change, global warming. Air pollution causes around 7 or 8 million deaths each year. It is a significant risk factor for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
