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Gemma (botany)
A gemma (English plural ''gemmas'', Latin plural ''gemmae'') is a single cell, or a mass of cells, or a modified bud of tissue, that detaches from the parent and develops into a new individual. This type of asexual reproduction is referred to as fragmentation. It is a means of asexual propagation in plants. These structures are commonly found in fungi, algae, liverworts and mosses, but also in some flowering plants such as pygmy sundews and some species of butterworts. Vascular plants have many other methods of asexual reproduction including bulbils and turions. In mosses and liverworts The production of gemmae is a widespread means of asexual reproduction in both liverworts and mosses. In liverworts such as ''Marchantia'', the flattened plant body or thallus is a haploid gametophyte with gemma cups scattered about its upper surface. The gemma cups are cup-like structures containing gemmae. The gemmae are small discs of haploid tissue, and they directly give rise to new ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turion (botany)
A turion (from Latin turio meaning "shoot") is a type of bud that is capable of growing into a complete plant. A turion may be an underground bud. Many members of the genus '' Epilobium'' are known to produce turions at or below ground level. Some aquatic plant species produce overwintering turions, especially in the genera '' Potamogeton'', '' Myriophyllum'', '' Aldrovanda'' and '' Utricularia''. These plants produce turions in response to unfavourable conditions such as decreasing day-length or reducing temperature. They are derived from modified shoot apices and are often rich in starch and sugar Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. Simple sugars, also called monosaccharides, include glucose Glucose is a sugar with the Chemical formula#Molecular formula, molecul ...s enabling them to act as storage organs. Although they are hardy ( frost resistant), it is probable that their principal adap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plant Morphology
Phytomorphology is the study of the physical form and external structure of plants.Raven, P. H., R. F. Evert, & S. E. Eichhorn. ''Biology of Plants'', 7th ed., page 9. (New York: W. H. Freeman, 2005). . This is usually considered distinct from plant anatomy, which is the study of the internal structure of plants, especially at the microscopic level. Plant morphology is useful in the visual identification of plants. Recent studies in molecular biology started to investigate the molecular processes involved in determining the conservation and diversification of plant morphologies. In these studies transcriptome conservation patterns were found to mark crucial ontogenetic transitions during the plant life cycle which may result in evolutionary constraints limiting diversification. Scope Plant morphology "represents a study of the development, form, and structure of plants, and, by implication, an attempt to interpret these on the basis of similarity of plan and origin". There ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riccardia
''Riccardia'' is a plant genus in the liverwort family Aneuraceae. Species As of November, 2024, about 260 species are recognised in the genus ''Riccardia'': A * '' Riccardia aberrans'' * '' Riccardia aequicellularis'' * '' Riccardia aequitexta'' * '' Riccardia aeruginosa'' * ''Riccardia agumana'' * '' Riccardia alba'' * '' Riccardia albomarginata'' * '' Riccardia alcicornis'' * ''Riccardia amnicola'' * ''Riccardia angustata'' * '' Riccardia anguste-alata'' * ''Riccardia angusticosta'' * '' Riccardia angustissima'' * ''Riccardia arcuata'' * ''Riccardia argentolimbata'' * ''Riccardia aspera'' * ''Riccardia asperulata'' * ''Riccardia attenuata'' * ''Riccardia australis'' * ''Riccardia autoica'' B * ''Riccardia baldwinii'' * ''Riccardia barbiflora'' * ''Riccardia baumannii'' * '' Riccardia bipinnatifida'' * '' Riccardia bongeriana'' * '' Riccardia breviala'' * '' Riccardia breviramosa'' * ''Riccardia browniae'' * '' Ric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endogemma
''Endogemma'' is a monotypic genus of liverworts belonging to the family Endogemmataceae and subclass of Jungermanniineae.Stotler, R.E. and B. Crandall-Stotler. 2017. A synopsis of the liverwort flora of North America north of Mexico. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 102: 574-709. The genera ''Endogemma'' and fellow ''Jungermanniineae'' subclass genus ''Solenostoma'' was also accepted by Borovichev 2014, and Konstantinova & Lapshina 2014. The only known species is ''Endogemma caespiticia'' . The family Endogemmataceae, the genus ''Endogemma'' and the lone species ''Endogemma caespiticia'' were all published by Konstant., Vilnet et A.V.Troitsky in Folia Cryptog. Estonica 48: 132 in 2011. It has the beaked perianth mouth of ''Solenostoma'' and a lack of perigynium and shoot calyptra as in ''Jungermannia'' species. It differs from similar ''Solenostomataceae'' and ''Jungermanniaceae'' species in having endogenous gemmae and in a characteristic large, single oil-body otherwise only known f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fossombroniaceae
Fossombroniaceae (sometimes Codoniaceae) is a family of liverworts in the order Metzgeriales. Most species are small and thallose, but the thallus is typically ruffled to give the appearance of being leafy. The family was long called the Codoniaceae, Klinggr. 1858, because this is the older name. But since the genus ''Codonia'' is a synonym of ''Fossombronia'', the name Fossombroniaceae was proposed (and accepted) as a conserved name under the rules of the ICBN The ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (ICN or ICNafp) is the set of rules and recommendations dealing with the formal botanical names that are given to plants, fungi and a few other groups of organisms, all tho .... Liverwort families Fossombroniales Monogeneric plant families {{Bryophyte-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bazzania Kokawana
''Bazzania'' is a genus of liverwort in the family Lepidoziaceae. The name ''Bazzania'' is in honour of Matteo Bazzani (1674–1749), an Italian botanist and professor of Anatomy from the University of Bologna The University of Bologna (, abbreviated Unibo) is a Public university, public research university in Bologna, Italy. Teaching began around 1088, with the university becoming organised as guilds of students () by the late 12th century. It is the .... Species , there were 258 species accepted by ''The Bryophyte Nomenclator'', edited by John C. Brinda and John J. Atwood, listed here. References * * {{Authority control Jungermanniales genera Lepidoziaceae Taxonomy articles created by Polbot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endogenous
Endogeny, in biology, refers to the property of originating or developing from within an organism, tissue, or cell. For example, ''endogenous substances'', and ''endogenous processes'' are those that originate within a living system (e.g. an organism or a cell). For instance, estradiol is an endogenous estrogen hormone A hormone (from the Ancient Greek, Greek participle , "setting in motion") is a class of cell signaling, signaling molecules in multicellular organisms that are sent to distant organs or tissues by complex biological processes to regulate physio ... produced within the body, whereas ethinylestradiol is an exogenous synthetic estrogen, commonly used in birth control pills. In contrast, '' exogenous substances'' and ''exogenous'' ''processes'' are those that originate from outside of an organism. References External links *{{Wiktionary-inline, endogeny Biology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gametophyte
A gametophyte () is one of the two alternating multicellular phases in the life cycles of plants and algae. It is a haploid multicellular organism that develops from a haploid spore that has one set of chromosomes. The gametophyte is the sexual phase in the life cycle of plants and algae. It develops sex organs that produce gametes, haploid sex cells that participate in fertilization to form a diploid zygote which has a double set of chromosomes. Cell division of the zygote results in a new diploid multicellular organism, the second stage in the life cycle known as the sporophyte. The sporophyte can produce haploid spores by meiosis that on germination produce a new generation of gametophytes. Algae In some multicellular green algae ('' Ulva lactuca'' is one example), red algae and brown algae, sporophytes and gametophytes may be externally indistinguishable (isomorphic). In ''Ulva'', the gametes are isogamous, all of one size, shape and general morphology. Land plant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haploid
Ploidy () is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell (biology), cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for Autosome, autosomal and Pseudoautosomal region, pseudoautosomal genes. Here ''sets of chromosomes'' refers to the number of maternal and paternal chromosome copies, respectively, in each homologous chromosome pair—the form in which chromosomes naturally exist. Somatic cells, Tissue (biology), tissues, and Individual#Biology, individual organisms can be described according to the number of sets of chromosomes present (the "ploidy level"): monoploid (1 set), diploid (2 sets), triploid (3 sets), tetraploid (4 sets), pentaploid (5 sets), hexaploid (6 sets), heptaploid or septaploid (7 sets), etc. The generic term polyploidy, polyploid is often used to describe cells with three or more sets of chromosomes. Virtually all sexual reproduction, sexually reproducing organisms are made up of somatic cells that are diploid or greater, but ploidy level may vary wid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marchantia Polymorpha
''Marchantia polymorpha'' is a species of large thalloid liverwort in the class Marchantiopsida. ''M. polymorpha'' is highly variable in appearance and contains several subspecies. This species is dioicous, having separate male and female plants. ''M. polymorpha'' has a wide distribution and is found worldwide.Matthews, Robin F. 1993. Marchantia polymorpha. In: Fire Effects Information System, nline U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/bryophyte/marpol/all.html 017, December 8 Common names include common liverwort or umbrella liverwort. Distribution ''Marchantia polymorpha'' subsp. ''ruderalis'' has a circumpolar boreo-arctic cosmopolitan distribution, found worldwide on all continents except Antarctica. Habitat ''Marchantia polymorpha'' grows on shaded moist soil and rocks in damp habitats such as the banks of streams and pools, bogs, fens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thallose Liverwort (Marchantia And Lunularia Spp
Thallus (: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. A thallus usually names the entire body of a multicellular non-moving organism in which there is no organization of the tissues into organs. Many of these organisms were previously known as the thallophytes, a polyphyletic group of distantly related organisms. An organism or structure resembling a thallus is called thalloid, thalloidal, thalliform, thalline, or thallose. Even though thalli do not have organized and distinct parts (leaves, roots, and stems) as do the vascular plants, they may have analogous structures that resemble their vascular "equivalents". The analogous structures have similar function or macroscopic structure, but different microscopic structure; for example, no thallus has vascular tissue. In exceptional cases such as the Lemnoideae, where the stru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
