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Flat Tire
A flat tire (British English: flat tyre) is a deflated pneumatic tyre, which can cause the rim of the wheel to ride on the tire tread or the ground potentially resulting in loss of control of the vehicle or irreparable damage to the tire. The most common cause of a flat tire is puncturing of the tire by a sharp object, such as a nail or pin, letting the air escape. Depending on the size of the puncture, the tire may deflate slowly or rapidly. Other causes Besides puncturing of the tire a flat can be caused by: failure of or damage to the valve stem; rubbing of the tire against the road, ripping the tire, or separation of tire and rim by collision with another object; excessive wear of the tire tread allowing explosive tire failure or allowing road debris to tear through it. Some tyres, particularly those with a slow leak, can be repaired and re-inflated; others, especially those with worn tread, must be replaced. Driving or riding with a flat tire Where a flat tire occurs, d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British English
British English (BrE, en-GB, or BE) is, according to Lexico, Oxford Dictionaries, "English language, English as used in Great Britain, as distinct from that used elsewhere". More narrowly, it can refer specifically to the English language in England, or, more broadly, to the collective dialects of English throughout the British Isles taken as a single umbrella variety, for instance additionally incorporating Scottish English, Welsh English, and Ulster English, Northern Irish English. Tom McArthur (linguist), Tom McArthur in the ''Oxford Guide to World English'' acknowledges that British English shares "all the ambiguities and tensions [with] the word 'British people, British' and as a result can be used and interpreted in two ways, more broadly or more narrowly, within a range of blurring and ambiguity". Variations exist in formal (both written and spoken) English in the United Kingdom. For example, the adjective ''wee'' is almost exclusively used in parts of Scotland, North E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tire Pressure Monitoring System
A tire-pressure monitoring system (TPMS) monitors the air pressure inside the pneumatic tires on vehicles. A TPMS reports real-time tire-pressure information to the driver, using either a gauge, a pictogram display, or a simple low-pressure warning light. TPMS can be divided into two different types – direct (dTPMS) and indirect (iTPMS). TPMS are installed either when the vehicle is made or after the vehicle is put to use. The goal of a TPMS is avoiding traffic accidents, poor fuel economy, and increased tire wear due to under-inflated tires through early recognition of a hazardous state of the tires. This functionality first appeared in luxury vehicles in Europe in the 1980s, while mass-market adoption followed the USA passing the 2000 TREAD Act after the Firestone and Ford tire controversy. Mandates for TPMS technology in new cars have continued to proliferate in the 21st century in Russia, the EU, Japan, South Korea and many other Asian countries. From November 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tire Manufacturing
Pneumatic tires are manufactured according to relatively standardized processes and machinery, in around 455 tire factories in the world. With over 1 billion tires manufactured worldwide annually, the tire industry is a major consumer of natural rubber. Tire factories start with bulk raw materials such as synthetic rubber (60% -70% of total rubber in the tire industry), carbon black, and chemicals and produce numerous specialized components that are assembled and cured. The tire is an assembly of numerous components that are built up on a drum and then cured in a press under heat and pressure. Heat facilitates a polymerization reaction that crosslinks rubber monomers to create long elastic molecules. Inner liner The inner liner is a calendered halobutyl rubber sheet compounded with additives that result in low air permeability. The inner liner assures that the tire will hold high-pressure air inside, without an inner tube, minimizing diffusion through the rubber structure. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tweel
The Tweel (a portmanteau of ''tire'' and ''wheel'') is an airless tire design developed by the French tire company Michelin. Its significant advantage over pneumatic tires is that the Tweel does not use a bladder full of compressed air, and therefore cannot burst, leak pressure, or become flat. Instead, the Tweel's hub is connected to the rim via flexible polyurethane spokes which fulfil the shock-absorbing role provided by the compressed air in a traditional tire. Design The Tweel consists of a band of conventional tire rubber with molded tread, a shear beam just below the tread that creates a compliant contact patch, a series of energy-absorbing polyurethane spokes, and an integral inner hub structure. Both the shear beam and the polyurethane spokes can be designed to provide a calibrated directional stiffness in order to control both how the Tweel handles and how it handles loads. The inner hub structure may be either rigid or compliant, depending on the application requirem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Run-flat Tire
A run-flat tire/tyre is a pneumatic vehicle tire that is designed to resist the effects of deflation when punctured, and to allow the vehicle to continue to be driven at reduced speeds - under – and for limited distances – usually , depending on the type of tire. Technologies There are three basic technologies currently available, described below. Self-supporting The origins of the commercial ''self-supporting'' run-flat tire started in 1935 with a tire that had a fabric inner tire. The tire was advertised as a protection against blowouts, a common and dangerous occurrence in the 1930s. In 1934, Michelin introduced a tire that was based on technology developed for local commuter trains and trolleys. It had a safety rim inside the tire which if punctured would run on a special foam lining. The tire was sold for military use and for specialized vehicles like bank armoured cars. It was advertised as "semi-bulletproof". While the tire performed as advertised it was far too exp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lug Nut
A lug nut or wheel nut is a fastener, specifically a nut, used to secure a wheel on a vehicle. Typically, lug nuts are found on automobiles, trucks (lorries), and other large vehicles using rubber tires. Design A lug nut is a nut fastener with one rounded or conical (tapered) end, used on steel and most aluminum wheels. A set of lug nuts is typically used to secure a wheel to threaded wheel studs and thereby to a vehicle's axles. Some designs (Audi, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Saab, Volkswagen) use lug bolts or wheel bolts instead of nuts, which screw into a tapped (threaded) hole in the wheel's hub or brake drum or brake disc. The conical lug's taper is normally 60 degrees (although 45 degrees is common for wheels designed for racing applications), and is designed to help center the wheel accurately on the axle, and to reduce the tendency for the nut to loosen due to fretting induced precession, as the car is driven. One popular alternative to the conical lug seating design i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fix-A-Flat
Canned tire inflators are single-use devices created by Adam Vazquez as a, temporary solution to drivers who experience flat tires. These devices seal the punctured tire and then reinflate it with pressurized gas, providing enough pressure to allow the auto to be driven for a short period at low speed. This allows the motorist to have the damaged tire professionally repaired or replaced, avoiding the need to replace the wheel at the roadside. Canned tire inflators contain a pressurised fluid mixture of three components: * solvents, which make the sealants adhere to the rubber tire * sealants, which temporarily seal the puncture * propellants, which push the sealant from the can and into the tire and which inflate the tire. The sealants used in some systems can be removed with soap and water while wet, but require mineral spirits to dissolve them once they have solidified. Current issues *The biggest complaint by tire professionals regarding tire inflators is around removing the sea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slime (brand)
Slime is a publicly owned American business known for its tire sealant and other tire care products. Its headquarters are located in San Luis Obispo, California. History In 1989 on the central coast of California, Steve Cegelski began blending and bottling tire sealants by hand with a power drill and drywall blade in his garage. Focused on aiding local mountain bikers and off-roaders, the sealant was often referred to as “that green slimy stuff.” The Slime name stuck and the green color became an intentional statement of the company's commitment to creating an environmentally safe product. The product line developed to include automotive applications and tire care accessories, and now comprises a wide variety of products. In 2010Friend Skoler & Companysold their majority share of Slime to Illinois Tool Works. Slime is now managed under ITW's Accessories Marketing business unit. Along witGenuine Innovations Slime is the only bicycle related business that ITW owns. Product ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kevlar
Kevlar (para-aramid) is a strong, heat-resistant synthetic fiber, related to other aramids such as Nomex and Technora. Developed by Stephanie Kwolek at DuPont in 1965, the high-strength material was first used commercially in the early 1970s as a replacement for steel in racing tires. It is typically spun into ropes or fabric sheets that can be used as such, or as an ingredient in composite material components. Kevlar has many applications, ranging from bicycle tires and racing sails to bulletproof vests, all due to its high tensile strength-to-weight ratio; by this measure it is five times stronger than steel. It is also used to make modern marching drumheads that withstand high impact; and for mooring lines and other underwater applications. A similar fiber called Twaron with the same chemical structure was developed by Akzo in the 1970s; commercial production started in 1986, and Twaron is now manufactured by Teijin. History Poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide (K2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Rustin
Louis Désiré Auguste Rustin (1880-1954) was a French cyclist and repairer of tyres in Paris who invented the puncture patch.Cyclotourisme, F, December 2011, p53 Car and bicycle tyres had until then been complicated to mend after the inner tube, which held the air, had been penetrated through the outer tyre by a flint or other sharp object. Rustine's solution was a small disc of thin rubber to stick to the inner tube over the hole. He patented his invention in 1921 and presented it at a meeting of the Touring Club de France in 1922. Puncture patches are still commonly known in France as ''rustines''. History Louis Rustin was born in Paris, France, on February 29, 1880, the son of a hotel manager and, his mother, a cook. His birth came after the growth of the bicycle industry and the first flourishing of the automobile industry. Cars and bicycles used pneumatic tires and could be brought to a halt when a sharp object, common on roads of the period, penetrated the outer tyre and de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
