|
Fungal Immunomodulatory Protein
Fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) are a type of functional compound (other compounds include polysaccharides and triterpenoids) found in various species of fungi. FIPs are part of the immunoglobulin (ig) family, which are structurally similar to human antibodies, and can interact with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), causing these cells to secrete different types of hormones and regulate cellular activity. History The first FIP was discovered in 1989 by Japanese scientist Kohsuke Kino et al. from the water extract of the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum, and was named Ling Zhi-8 (LZ-8). From then on, researchers have identified numerous structurally similar proteins from various types of fungi that also share a high degree of genetic similarity as well as physiological activities, and thus coined the term fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP). Members of the FIP family Currently known FIPs are listed below: * LZ-8 from G. lucidum * LZ-9 from G. lucidum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PDB 1osy EBI
PDB may refer to: * Chess Problem Database Server (PDB Server) * 1,4-Dichlorobenzene (paradichlorobenzene) * Party of German-speaking Belgians, (German: '), a political party and predecessor of the ProDG * PDB (Palm OS), a container format for record databases in Palm OS, Garnet OS and Access Linux Platform * ''Pee Dee Belemnite'', a standard for stable Carbon-13 and Oxygen-18 isotopes; see * Pluggable database, such as an Oracle Database in a multitenancy environment * Potato dextrose broth, a common microbiological growth media * Pousette-Dart Band * President's Daily Brief or Briefing or Bulletin, a top-secret intelligence document produced each morning for the U.S. President * Program database, a file format for storing debugging information * Promised Day Brigade, an Iraqi Shia organisation * Protein Data Bank * Protein Data Bank (file format) * Python Debugger, see Python (programming language) Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design phi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganoderma Microsporum
''Ganoderma microsporum'' is a species of ''Ganoderma'' mushroom native to Taiwan that grows on willow trees. The specific epithet ''microsporum'' refers to the small size of its spores, measuring 6–8.5 by 4.5–5 μm, which is smaller than the spores of all other known types of ''Ganoderma''. Appearance ''Ganoderma microsporum'' has a relatively short or obscure stem that appears bronze or dark purple. The cap is shelf like or unevenly shaped and has a glazed appearance.許. 靈芝概論. 台中市: 萬年出版社. 1993: 140. Discovery ''Ganoderma microsporum'' was first discovered in Taipei, Taiwan by R.-S. Hseu in 1982, and published in the scientific journal ''Mycotaxon'' in 1989. Research Compounds discovered in ''Ganoderma'' include polysaccharides, triterpenoids, nucleic acids and fungal immunomodulatory protein Fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) are a type of functional compound (other compounds include polysaccharides and triterpenoids) found in v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lignosus Rhinocerotis
''Lignosus rhinocerus'', commonly known as tiger milk mushroom, belongs to family Polyporaceae in the division Basidiomycota. This fungus is geographically distributed only in tropical rainforests in the region of South China, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines and Papua New Guinea. In Malaysia, the tiger milk mushroom is more often known as "Cendawan Susu Rimau". It has been used in traditional medicine. History The tiger milk mushroom was first reported in the West in 1664 when a European government agent was given this product upon sailing to the South East Asian Region. According to The Diary of John Evelyn (Publication dated 22 June 1664), this mushroom was named ‘Lac tygridis’, meaning "tiger’s milk". In his publication, Evelyn also recorded that this fungus was used by the local people to treat diseases for which European doctors found no cure. In 1890, Sir Henry Nicholas Ridley, the father of Malaya’s rubber industry, recorded that this fungus was an imp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antrodia Camphorate
''Antrodia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. ''Antrodia'' species have fruit bodies that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the hymenium exposed to the outside; the edges may be turned so as to form narrow brackets. Most species are found in temperate and boreal forests, and cause brown rot. Description ''Antrodia'' are effused-resupinate, that is, they lie stretched out on the growing surface with the hymenium exposed on the outer side, but turned out at the edges to form brackets. When present, these brackets are typically white or pale brown. The pores on the surface of the hymenium may be round or angular. The context is white or pale. All species cause brown-rot. Typically, basidiospores are thin-walled, cylindrical, and narrowly ellipsoidal or fusiform in shape. Most species grow on the wood of coniferous trees, except for ''A. albida'', which grows on the dead wood of deciduous trees. Phylogeny In o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volvariella Volvacea
''Volvariella volvacea'' (also known as paddy straw mushroom or straw mushroom) is a species of edible mushroom cultivated throughout East and Southeast Asia and used extensively in Asian cuisines. They are often available fresh in regions they are cultivated, but elsewhere are more frequently found canned or dried. Worldwide, straw mushrooms are the third most consumed mushroom. Cultivation Straw mushrooms are grown on rice straw beds and are most commonly picked when immature (often labeled "unpeeled"), during their button or egg phase and before the veil ruptures. They are adaptable and take four to five days to mature, and are most successfully grown in subtropical climates with high annual rainfall. No record has been found of their cultivation before the 19th century. Nutrition One cup of straw mushrooms is nutritionally dense and provides of food energy, 27.7 µg selenium (50.36% of RDA), 699 mg sodium (46.60%), 2.6 mg iron (32.50%), 0.242 mg copp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flammulina Velutipes
''Flammulina velutipes'' is a species of gilled mushroom in the family Physalacriaceae. In the UK, it has been given the recommended English name of velvet shank. The species occurs in Europe and North America. Until recently ''Flammulina velutipes'' was considered to be conspecific with the Asian'' Flammulina filiformis'', cultivated for food as "enokitake" or "golden needle mushroom", but DNA sequencing has shown that the two are distinct. Taxonomy The species was originally described from England by botanist William Curtis in 1782 as ''Agaricus velutipes''. It was transferred to the genus ''Flammulina'' by Rolf Singer Rolf Singer (June 23, 1906 – January 18, 1994) was a German-born mycologist and one of the most important taxonomists of gilled mushrooms (agarics) in the 20th century. After receiving his Ph.D. at the University of Vienna in 1931 he worked ... in 1951. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q84912346 Fungi of Europe Fungi described in 1782 velutipes F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poria Cocos
''Wolfiporia extensa'' (Peck) Ginns (''syn.'' ''Poria cocos'' F.A.Wolf) is a fungus in the family Polyporaceae. It is a wood-decay fungus but has a subterranean growth habit. It is notable in the development of a large, long-lasting underground sclerotium that resembles a small coconut. This sclerotium called "(Chinese) Tuckahoe" or fu-ling (), is not the same as the true tuckahoe used as Indian bread by Native Americans, which is the arrow arum, '' Peltandra virginica'', a flowering tuberous plant in the arum family. ''W. extensa'' is also used extensively as a medicinal mushroom in Chinese medicine. Indications for use in the traditional Chinese medicine include promoting urination, to invigorate the spleen function (i.e., digestive function), and to calm the mind.Bensky D, Clavey S, Stoger E. (2004) Eastland Press, Inc. Seattle, 3rd ed. . p. 267 Names Common names include hoelen, poria, tuckahoe, China root, fu ling (, pīnyīn: fúlíng), and matsuhodo. Botanical e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trametes Versicolor
''Trametes versicolor''also known as ''Coriolus versicolor'' and ''Polyporus versicolor''is a common polypore mushroom found throughout the world. Meaning 'of several colors', ''versicolor'' reliably describes this fungus that displays a variety of colors. For example, because its shape and multiple colors are similar to those of a wild turkey, ''T. versicolor'' is commonly called turkey tail. A similar looking mushroom, commonly called false turkey tail, which is from a different order, may sometimes be confused with the turkey tail mushroom due to appearance. Another lookalike is the multicolor gill polypore. Description and ecology The top surface of the cap shows typical concentric zones of different colors, and the margin is always the lightest. Underneath a layer of tomentum is a black layer, topping the whitish flesh. The flesh itself is 1–3 mm thick and has a leathery texture. Older specimens, such as the one pictured, can have zones with green algae growin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganoderma Microsporum Immunomodulatory Protein
Ganoderma microsporum immunomodulatory protein or GMI is a protein discovered from the mushroom species Ganoderma microsporum. GMI is a pure protein composed of 111 amino acids and exists in nature as a tetramer. Discovery GMI is found in the mycelium of Ganoderma microsporum. During the life cycle of G. microsporum, GMI acts as an important signaling factor in the transition from the fungi's mycelium phase to the fruiting body phase. However, the levels of GMI found in both the mycelium and fruiting body are very low. In 2005, researchers utilized genetic and bio-engineering methods to obtain purified GMI, and proved that the protein is structurally similar to LZ-8, the first fungal immunomodulatory protein Fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) are a type of functional compound (other compounds include polysaccharides and triterpenoids) found in various species of fungi. FIPs are part of the immunoglobulin (ig) family, which are structurally simil ... discovered in 1989. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides (), or polycarbohydrates, are the most abundant carbohydrates found in food. They are long chain polymeric carbohydrates composed of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages. This carbohydrate can react with water (hydrolysis) using amylase enzymes as catalyst, which produces constituent sugars ( monosaccharides, or oligosaccharides). They range in structure from linear to highly branched. Examples include storage polysaccharides such as starch, glycogen and galactogen and structural polysaccharides such as cellulose and chitin. Polysaccharides are often quite heterogeneous, containing slight modifications of the repeating unit. Depending on the structure, these macromolecules can have distinct properties from their monosaccharide building blocks. They may be amorphous or even insoluble in water. When all the monosaccharides in a polysaccharide are the same type, the polysaccharide is called a homopolysaccharide or homoglycan, but when more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganoderma Sinensis
''Ganoderma'' is a genus of polypore fungi in the family Ganodermataceae that includes about 80 species, many from tropical regions. They have a high genetic diversity and are used in traditional Asian medicines. ''Ganoderma'' can be differentiated from other polypores because they have a double-walled basidiospore. They may be called ''shelf mushrooms'' or bracket fungi. Etymology The name ''Ganoderma'' is derived from the Greek ''ganos''/γάνος "brightness, sheen", hence "shining" and ''derma''/δέρμα "skin". History The genus ''Ganoderma'' was established as a genus in 1881 by Karsten and included only one species, ''G. lucidum'' (Curtis) Karst. Previously, this taxon was characterized as ''Boletus lucidus'' Curtis (1781) and then ''Polyporus lucidus'' (Curtis) Fr. (1821) (Karsten 1881). The species ''P. lucidus'' was characterized by having a laccate (shiny or polished) pileus and stipe, and this is a character that Murrill suspected was the reason for Karsten' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganoderma Tsugae
''Ganoderma tsugae'', also known as hemlock varnish shelf, is a flat polypore mushroom of the genus '' Ganoderma''. Habitat In contrast to '' Ganoderma lucidum'', to which it is closely related and which it closely resembles, ''G. tsugae'' tends to grow on conifers, especially hemlocks. Properties Like ''G. lucidum'', ''G. tsugae'' is purported to have medicinal properties including use for dressing a skin wound. Phylogenetic analysis has begun to better differentiate between many closely related species of ''Ganoderma''; however, there is still disagreement as to which have the most medicinal properties. In addition, variations within the same species as well as the growth substrate and environmental conditions all the way through to preparation can have a substantial effect on the medicinal value of the product. Edibility Like ''G. lucidum'', ''G. tsugae'' is non-poisonous but generally considered inedible, because of its solid woody nature; however, teas and extracts made ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
