|
Fungal Diseases Of Sorghum
This article is a list of diseases of sorghum (''Sorghum bicolor''). Bacterial Fungi Nematodes Viruses Phytoplasma Insects Insect pests include: Root feeders *White grubs **'' Holotrichia serrata'' **'' Lachnosterna consanguinea'' *wireworms (Elateridae, Tenebrionidae) *underground burrowing bugs, '' Stibaropus'' spp. *termites **'' Odontotermes'' spp. **'' Microtermes'' sp. *ants **'' Monomorium salomonis'' **'' Pheidole sulcaticeps'' Seedling pests *shoot fly, '' Atherigona soccata'' *cutworm, ''Agrotis ipsilon'' Stem borers and leaf feeders *spotted stalk borer, ''Chilo partellus'' *pink borer, '' Sesamia inferens'' *armyworm, ''Mythimna separata'' *'' Spodoptera exempta'' *caterpillars '' Amsacta albistriga'', '' Amsacta lactinea'', '' Euproctis virguncula'', '' Cnaphalocrocis patnalis'', and ''Mocis frugalis'' *chrysomelid leaf beetles '' Chaetocnema indica'', ''Longitarsus'' spp., and '' Phyllotreta chotonica'' *ash weevil '' Myllocerus undeci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sorghum
''Sorghum bicolor'', commonly called sorghum () and also known as great millet, broomcorn, guinea corn, durra, imphee, jowar, or milo, is a species in the Poaceae, grass genus ''Sorghum (genus), Sorghum'' cultivated for its grain. The grain is used as food by humans, while the plant is used for animal feed and ethanol production. Sorghum originated in Africa, and is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. Sorghum is the world's fifth-most important cereal crop after rice, wheat, maize, and barley. Sorghum is typically an annual, but some cultivars are perennial. It grows in clumps that may reach over high. The grain is small, in diameter. Sweet sorghums are cultivars grown for forage, syrup production, and ethanol. They are taller than those grown for grain. Description Sorghum is a large stout grass that grows up to tall. It has large bushy flowerheads or panicles that provide an edible starchy grain with up to 3,000 seeds in each flowerhead. It grows ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusarium Moniliforme
''Fusarium verticillioides'' is the most commonly reported fungal species infecting maize (''Zea mays''). ''Fusarium verticillioides'' is the accepted name of the species, which was also known as ''Fusarium moniliforme''. The species has also been described as mating population A of the ''Fusarium fujikuroi'' species complex (formally known as ''Gibberella fujikuroi'' species complex). ''F. verticllioides'' produces the mutagen In genetics, a mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that permanently changes genetic material, usually DNA, in an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level. As many mutations can cause cancer in ...ic chemical compound fusarin C. ''F. verticillioides'' produces a group of disease-causing mycotoxins— fumonisins—on infected kernels. References Fungal plant pathogens and diseases verticillioides Fungi described in 1881 Fungus species {{Hypocreales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphacelotheca Reiliana
''Sporisorium reilianum'' (J.G. Kühn) Langdon & Full., (1978), previously known as ''Sphacelotheca reiliana'', and ''Sporisorium reilianum'', is a species of biotrophic fungus in the family Ustilaginaceae. It is a plant pathogen that infects maize and sorghum. Hosts and symptoms ''Sporisorium reilianum'' causes the diseases maize head smut and sorghum head smut. This soil borne smut fungus has two ''formae speciales''. ''S. reilianum'' f. sp. ''reilianum'' is specific to sorghum and ''S. reilianum'' f. sp. ''zeae'' is specific to maize. It is unknown why the two ''formae speciales'' cannot form spores on their respective non-favored hosts. Symptoms of the fungus are expressed on both the tassels of corn and sorghum as well as on the actual ear in the form of large smut galls. When the sorghum tassel is infected, the fragile gall membrane will have a range from just a few black spores to a large mass of black spores covering the tassel. The spores are a sign of the disease a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sporisorium Sorghi
''Sporisorium sorghi'', commonly known as sorghum smut, is a plant pathogen that belongs to the Ustilaginaceae family. This fungus is the causative agent of covered kernel smut disease and infects sorghum plants all around the world such as ''Sorghum bicolor'' (''S. vulgare'') (sorghum), ''S. sudanense'' (Sudan grass), ''S. halepense'' (Johnson grass) and ''Sorghum'' ''vulgare'' var. ''technichum'' ( broomcorn). Ineffective control of ''S. sorghi'' can have serious economic and ecological implications. Taxonomy A collection of ''S. sorghi'' on sorghum grass allowed Ehrenberg to establish the genus '' Sporisorium'' in 1825. This genus was replaced by Sphacelotheca', a genus established by de Bary. Soon after, G. P. Clinton transferred ''Sporisorium'' to this genus instead, giving it the name ''Sphacelotheca'' ''sorghi.'' Ontogeny studies provide evidence that ''Sporisorium'' is restricted to parasitic smut fungi. This support allowed for the reinstatement of the ''Sporisorium' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pythium Aphanidermatum
''Pythium aphanidermatum'' is a soil borne plant pathogen. '' Pythium'' is a genus in the class Oomycetes, which are also known as water molds. Oomycetes are not true fungi, as their cell walls are made of cellulose instead of chitin, they are diploid in their vegetative state, and they form coenocytic hyphae (lacking crosswalls). Also, they reproduce asexually with motile biflagelette zoospores that require water to move towards and infect a host. Sexually, they reproduce with structures called antheridia, oogonia, and oospores. Hosts ''Pythium aphanidermatum'' has a wide host range, and can have an economic impact on the cultivation of soybeans, beets, peppers, chrysanthemum, cucurbits, cotton and turf-grasses, however, because ''P. aphanidermatum'' requires warmer temperatures, it is often seen in greenhouses and has a large impact in poinsettia production. It is a major cause of root rot in papaya production in subtropical areas. While this is almost exclusivel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exserohilum Turcicum
''Setosphaeria turcica'' (anamorph ''Exserohilum turcicum''; formerly known as ''Helminthosporium turcicum'') is the causal agent of northern corn leaf blight in maize. It is a serious fungal disease prevalent in cooler climates and tropical highlands wherever corn is grown. It is characterized by large cigar shaped necrotic lesions that develop on the leaves due to the polyketide metabolite monocerin. Races Races of ''S. turcica'' are named for the maize R genes which are not effective against them. For example, the maize gene ''Ht1'' does not confer resistance against a Race 1 isolate, while genes ''Ht2'' and/or ''Ht3'' do. In contrast, genes ''Ht2'' and ''HtN'' do not confer resistance against a Race 2N isolate, while gene ''Ht1'' does. Isolates which do not overcome any known R gene are termed Race 0. Race 1, which overcomes the ''Ht1'' resistance gene, was originally discovered in Hawaii in 1973. By the time it was first noted in the continental United States, in Indiana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puccinia Purpurea
''Puccinia purpurea'' is a fungal species and plant pathogen that causes rust on sorghum. It is found in temperate places worldwide, excluding colder parts such as Russia and Canada. The pathogen was discovered in 1876 by Cooke, on the leaves of '' Sorghum vulgare'' in Maharashtra, India. ''P. purpurea'' is also native to eastern Australia, except Queensland Queensland ( , commonly abbreviated as Qld) is a States and territories of Australia, state in northeastern Australia, and is the second-largest and third-most populous state in Australia. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Austr .... Where, it is considered a pest. See also * List of ''Puccinia'' species References External links Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Sorghum diseases purpurea Fungi described in 1876 Taxa named by Mordecai Cubitt Cooke Fungus species {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascochyta Sorghi
''Ascochyta sorghi'' is a fungal plant pathogen. It causes Ascochyta leaf spot (also known as rough leaf spot) on barley that can also be caused by the related fungi '' Ascochyta hordei, Ascochyta graminea'' and '' Ascochyta tritici''. It is considered a minor disease of barley. Hosts and symptoms ''Ascochyta sorghi'' infects grain crops such as sorghum (''Sorghum bicolor''), Johnson grass (''Sorghum halepense''), Sudan grass ('' Sorghum sudanense''), and barley (''Hordeum vulgare Barley (), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally. It was one of the first cultivated grains; it was domesticated in the Fertile Crescent around 9000 BC, giving it nonshattering spikelets ...'')."Rough Leaf Spot of Sorghum (Ascochyta Sorghi)." ''Plantwise Knowledge Bank''. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2016. . It can also infect wild sorghum species.Kucharek, Tom. "Foliar and Head Diseases of Sorghum in Florida." EPPO Bulletin 41.3 (2011): 266-68 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pythium Graminicola
''Pythium graminicola'' is a plant pathogen infecting cereals. Host and symptoms ''Pythium graminicola'' infects a wide range of hosts, including: bent grass, turmeric, cotton, barley, wheat, rice, beans, peas, and sugarcane. In particular ''Pythium graminicola'' is an important pathogen of graminaceous plants. As with many '' Pythium'' diseases, the most common symptom of ''Pythium graminicola'' is root/seed rot, which can then cause damping off. However, ''Pythium graminicola'' can also infect above ground tissue causing stalk rot in maize, foot rot of beans, leaf blight of grasses and feeder root necrosis in rice, sugarcane and maize. Diagnosis of ''Pythium graminicola'' can be made through observation of the above symptoms and the presence of oomycete structures, such as sporangia. Disease cycle The life cycle of ''Pythium graminicola'' is essentially the same as the generalized ''Pythium'', soil borne pathogen life cycle. In the sexual state of ''Pythium graminicola'' an an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gibberella Fujikuroi Var
''Gibberella'' is a genus of fungi in the family Nectriaceae. In 1926, Japanese scientists observed that rice plants infected with ''Gibberella'' had abnormally long stems (" foolish seedling disease"). A substance, gibberellin, was derived from this fungus. Gibberellin is a plant hormone that promotes cell elongation, flower formation, and seedling growth. Etymology Pier Andrea Saccardo named the genus "Gibberella" because of the hump (Latin, ''gibbera'') on the fungal perithecium.''GIBBERELLA'' FROM ''A'' (VENACEAE) TO ''Z' (EAE) , by Anne E. Desjardins; originally published in '''', 2003. 41:177–98; [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramulispora Sorghicola
''Ramulispora sorghicola'' is a plant pathogen infecting sorghum. References External links Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Sorghum diseases Hyaloscyphaceae Fungus species {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Periconia Circinata
''Periconia circinata'' is an ascomycete fungus that is a plant pathogen affecting maize and sorghum. See also * List of maize diseases * List of sorghum diseases This article is a list of diseases of sorghum (''Sorghum bicolor''). Bacterial Fungi Nematodes Viruses Phytoplasma Insects Insect pests include: Root feeders *White grubs **'' Holotrichia serrata'' **'' Lachnosterna con ... References External links Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Maize diseases Sorghum diseases Pleosporales Enigmatic Ascomycota taxa Fungi described in 1906 Fungus species {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
