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Fumonisin B1 Esterase
The enzyme fumonisin B1 esterase (EC 3.1.1.87, fumD (gene); systematic name fumonisin B1 acylhydrolase) catalyses the reaction : fumonisin B1 Fumonisin B1 is the most prevalent member of a family of toxins, known as fumonisins, produced by multiple species of ''Fusarium'' Mold (fungus), molds, such as ''Fusarium verticillioides'', which occur mainly in maize (corn), wheat and other cere ... + 2 H2O \rightleftharpoons aminopentol + 2 propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate The enzyme is involved in degradation of fumonisin B1. References External links * {{Portal bar, Biology, border=no EC 3.1.1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catalysis
Catalysis () is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quickly, very small amounts of catalyst often suffice; mixing, surface area, and temperature are important factors in reaction rate. Catalysts generally react with one or more reactants to form intermediates that subsequently give the final reaction product, in the process of regenerating the catalyst. The rate increase occurs because the catalyst allows the reaction to occur by an alternative mechanism which may be much faster than the noncatalyzed mechanism. However the noncatalyzed mechanism does remain possible, so that the total rate (catalyzed plus noncatalyzed) can only increase in the presence of the catalyst and never decrease. Catalysis may be classified as either homogeneous, whose components are dispersed in the same phase (usual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fumonisin B1
Fumonisin B1 is the most prevalent member of a family of toxins, known as fumonisins, produced by multiple species of ''Fusarium'' Mold (fungus), molds, such as ''Fusarium verticillioides'', which occur mainly in maize (corn), wheat and other cereals. Fumonisin B1 contamination of maize has been reported worldwide at mg/kg levels. Human exposure occurs at levels of micrograms to milligrams per day and is greatest in regions where maize products are the dietary staple. Fumonisin B1 is hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic in all animal species tested. The earliest histological change to appear in either the liver or kidney of fumonisin-treated animals is increased apoptosis followed by regenerative cell proliferation. While the acute toxicity of fumonisin is low, it is the known cause of two diseases which occur in domestic animals with rapid onset: equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary oedema syndrome. Both of these diseases involve disturbed sphingolipid metabolism and cardiova ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
