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Front-engine, Four-wheel-drive Layout
In automotive design, an F4, or front-engine, four-wheel drive (4WD) layout places the internal combustion engine at the front of the vehicle and drives all four roadwheels. This car layout, layout is typically chosen for better control on many surfaces, and is an important part of rallying, rally racing, as well as off-roading, off-road driving. In terms of racing purposes, whether it be on-road or off-road, can be described as follows, A team that pursues the Weak LS4WD architecture will minimize the development cost of the front-wheel drive system at the expense of having a larger rear powertrain. The Weak architecture produces a vehicle with a large powersplit between the front and rear powertrains, while the Strong architecture recommends a vehicle with more similar power and torque requirements for the front and rear. Most four-wheel-drive layouts are front-engined and are derivatives of earlier Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout, front-engine, rear-wheel drive, or Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Differential (mechanical Device)
A differential is a gear train with three drive shafts that has the property that the rotational speed of one shaft is the average of the speeds of the others. A common use of differentials is in motor vehicles, to allow the wheels at each end of a drive axle to rotate at different speeds while cornering. Other uses include clocks and analogue computers. Differentials can also provide a gear ratio between the input and output shafts (called the "axle ratio" or "diff ratio"). For example, many differentials in motor vehicles provide a gearing reduction by having fewer teeth on the pinion than the ring gear. History Milestones in the design or use of differentials include: * 100 BCE–70 BCE: The Antikythera mechanism has been dated to this period. It was discovered in 1902 on a shipwreck by sponge divers, and modern research suggests that it used a differential gear to determine the angle between the ecliptic positions of the Sun and Moon, and thus the phase of the Moon. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution X
The Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution X is the tenth and final generation of the Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution, Lancer Evolution, a sports sedan produced by Japanese manufacturer Mitsubishi Motors, designed by Omer Halilhodžić. By September 2005, Mitsubishi introduced a concept version of the next-gen Evolution at the 39th Tokyo Motor Show named the Concept-X, designed by Omer Halilhodžić at the company's European design centre."Mitsubishi Concept-X Exterior Design Story" , Mitsubishi Motors Technology Review 2006, no.18, pp.134–135 Mitsubishi unveiled a second concept car, the Prototype-X, at the 2007 North American International Auto Show (NAIAS). The Lancer Evolution X sedan (car), sedan features a Mitsubishi 4B1 engine#4B11T, 4B11T 2.0L (1998cc) turboch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nissan Skyline GT-R
The is a Japanese sports car based on the Nissan Skyline range. The first cars named "Skyline GT-R" were produced between 1969 and 1972 under the model code KPGC10, and were successful in Japanese touring car racing events. This model was followed by a brief production run of second-generation cars, under model code KPGC110, in 1973. After a 16-year hiatus, the GT-R name was revived in 1989 as the BNR32 ("R32") Skyline GT-R. Group A specification versions of the R32 GT-R were used to win the Japanese Touring Car Championship for four years in a row. The R32 GT-R also had success in the Australian Touring Car Championship, with Jim Richards using it to win the championship in 1991 and Mark Skaife doing the same in 1992, until a regulation change excluded the GT-R in 1993. The technology and performance of the R32 GT-R prompted the Australian motoring publication ''Wheels'' to nickname the GT-R "Godzilla" in its July 1989 edition. ''Wheels'' then carried the name through all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dodge Power Wagon
The Dodge Power Wagon is a four-wheel drive medium duty truck that was produced in various model series from 1945 to 1980 by Dodge.Press Kit: 2005 Dodge Ram Power Wagon - Legendary Dodge Ram Power Wagon Returns. Chrysler Corporation, DaimlerChrysler AG, Auburn Hills, Michigan, September 30, 2004 The Power Wagon name was revived for the 2005 model year as a four-wheel drive version of the Dodge Ram 2500. As a nameplate, "Power Wagon" continues as a special package of the four-wheel drive version of 3/4 ton Ram Trucks 2500 model. The original civilian version, commonly called the "flat fender" Power Wagon (FFPW) or "Military Type", was mechanically based on Dodge's Dodge WC series, 3/4-ton WC series of World War II military trucks. The Power Wagon was the first 4x4 medium duty truck produced by a major manufacturer in a civilian version. It represents a significant predecessor to the many modern four-wheel drive trucks in use today.Carroll, John. 4 X 4 Vehicles. United States: Che ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torsen
Torsen Torque-Sensing (full name Torsen traction) is a type of limited-slip differential used in automobiles. It was invented by American Vernon Gleasman and manufactured by the Gleason Corporation. Torsen is a portmanteau of Torque-Sensing. ''TORSEN'' and ''TORSEN Traction'' are registered trademarks of JTEKT Torsen North America Inc (formerly Zexel Corporation, formerly Gleason Power Systems). All Torsen differentials have their origin in the Dual-Drive Differential that was invented and patented by Gleasman in 1958. Use Torsen differentials can be used in one or more positions on a motor vehicle: * center—used to apportion torque appropriately between front and rear axles on an all-wheel drive vehicle. * rear—used to apportion torque appropriately between left and right sides in rear axles. This may be on either a rear-wheel drive or a four-wheel drive vehicle. * front—used to apportion torque appropriately between left and right sides in front axles. This may be on ei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMMWV
The High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV; colloquial: Humvee) is a family of Military light utility vehicle, light, four-wheel drive Military vehicle#Military trucks, military trucks and utility vehicles produced by AM General. It has largely supplanted the roles previously performed by the Willys MB, original jeep, and others such as the Vietnam War-era M151 ¼-ton 4×4 utility truck, M151 Jeep, the M561 "Gama Goat", their M718A1 and M792 ambulance versions, the Commercial Utility Cargo Vehicle, and other light trucks. Primarily used by the United States military, it is also used by numerous other countries and organizations and even in civilian adaptations. The Humvee saw widespread use in the Gulf War of 1991, where it navigated the desert terrain; this usage helped to inspire civilian Hummer versions. The vehicle's original unarmored design was later seen to be inadequate and was found to be particularly vulnerable to improvised explosive devices in the Iraq Wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeep Liberty
The Jeep Liberty is a four door unibody compact SUV manufactured and marketed by Jeep for model years 2002–2012 over two generations, internally designated the KJ (2002–2007) and KK (2008–2012), respectively. Both generations were marketed globally, including as the Jeep Cherokee outside North America. Introduced as a replacement for the Jeep Cherokee (XJ), Cherokee (XJ), the Liberty was priced between the Jeep Wrangler, Wrangler and Jeep Grand Cherokee, Grand Cherokee and was the smallest of the 4-door Jeep SUVs until the car based 4-door Jeep Compass, Compass and Jeep Patriot, Patriot arrived for 2007. Both generations were assembled at the Toledo North Assembly Plant in the United States and other countries including Egypt and Venezuela. The KK generation was manufactured alongside the closely related Dodge Nitro. Production ended in August 2012. The Liberty was superseded by the Jeep Cherokee (KL), Jeep Cherokee. First generation (KJ; 2001–2007) Inspired by sty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troller T4
The Troller T4 is a four-wheel drive/rear-wheel drive vehicle that was made by Troller. It was only available as a two-door car with a fiberglass body and steel chassis, with a design inspired by the Jeep. It has standard 4WD, a 5-speed manual transmission and Dana axles. The engine is a 3.0 L turbo Diesel built by MWM and was introduced in 2004.Troller 2004 com Várias Novidades - Jipemania (September 1, 2003) Troller recebe novo motor 3,0 de 163 cavalos - Portal Alipini (August 29, 2005)] In 2007, |
Willys MB
The Willys MB and the Ford GPW, both formally called the U.S. Army truck, ton, 4×4, command reconnaissance, commonly known as the Willys Jeep, Jeep, or jeep, and sometimes referred to by its List of U.S. military vehicles by supply catalog designation#G-500 to G-599, Standard Army vehicle supply number G-503,According to its United States Army Ordnance Corps Supply Catalog designation, 'G-number', or SNL nr. – a group number for ordering vehicles, weapons, munitions, or parts, based on a List of U.S. Army weapons by supply catalog designation, Standard Nomenclature List (SNL). were highly successful American Off-road vehicle, off-road capable, Military light utility vehicle, light military utility vehicles. Well over 600,000 were built to a single standardized design, for the United States and the Allies of World War II, Allied forces in World War II, from 1941 until 1945. This also made it (by its light weight) the world's first mass-produced four-wheel drive, four-wheel-driv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hybrid Electric Vehicles
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that couples a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) with one or more electric engines into a combined propulsion system. The presence of the electric powertrain, which has inherently better energy conversion efficiency, is intended to achieve either better fuel economy or better acceleration performance than a conventional vehicle. There is a variety of HEV types and the degree to which each functions as an electric vehicle (EV) also varies. The most common form of HEV is hybrid electric passenger cars, although hybrid electric trucks ( pickups, tow trucks and tractors), buses, motorboats, and aircraft also exist. Modern HEVs use energy recovery technologies such as motor–generator units. and regenerative braking to recycle the vehicle's kinetic energy to electric energy via an alternator, which is stored in a battery pack or a supercapacitor. Some varieties of HEV use an internal combustion engine to d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
