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Forensic Rhetoric
Forensic rhetoric, as coined in Aristotle's '' On Rhetoric'', encompasses any discussion of past action including legal discourse—the primary setting for the emergence of rhetoric as a discipline and theory. This contrasts with deliberative rhetoric and epideictic rhetoric, which are reserved for discussions concerning future and present actions respectively. In contemporary times, the word ''forensic'' is commonly associated with criminal and civil law referring specifically to forensic science. It is important to note that the term ''forensic'' associated with criminal investigation exists because forensic (or judicial) rhetoric first existed. References in ''On Rhetoric'' An introduction of the three types of rhetoric (forensic, deliberative, and epideictic) occurs in Book I Chapter III of Aristotle's ''On Rhetoric''. Discussion of forensic rhetoric is found in Book I, Chapters X–XV, outlined as follows: * Chapter 10: "Topics about Wrongdoing" asserts: "Let wrongdoin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aristotle
Aristotle (; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosophy, Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, and the arts. As the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy in the Lyceum (classical), Lyceum in Athens, he began the wider Aristotelianism, Aristotelian tradition that followed, which set the groundwork for the development of modern science. Little is known about Aristotle's life. He was born in the city of Stagira (ancient city), Stagira in northern Greece during the Classical Greece, Classical period. His father, Nicomachus (father of Aristotle), Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, and he was brought up by a guardian. At around eighteen years old, he joined Plato's Platonic Academy, Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of thirty seven (). Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermagoras Of Temnos
Hermagoras of Temnos (, fl. 1st century BC) was an Ancient Greece, Ancient Greek rhetorician of the Rhodes, Rhodian school and teacher of rhetoric in Rome, where the Suda states he died at an advanced age. He appears to have tried to excel as an orator (or rather declamation, declaimer) as well as a teacher of rhetoric. But it is especially as a teacher of rhetoric that he is known to us. The members of his school, among whom numbered the jurist Titus Accius, called themselves ''Hermagorei''. Hermagoras's chief opponents were Posidonius of Rhodes, who is said to have contended with him in argument in the presence of Pompey, and Athenaeus (rhetorician), Athenaeus. He devoted particular attention to what is called inventio, and made a peculiar division of the parts of an oration, which differed from that adopted by other rhetoricians. Cicero opposes his system, but Quintilian defends it, though in some parts the latter censures what Cicero approves of. But in his eagerness to sy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epideictic
The epideictic oratory, also called ceremonial oratory or praise-and-blame rhetoric, is one of the three branches, or "species" (eidē), of rhetoric, as outlined in Aristotle's ''Rhetoric'', to be used to praise or blame, during ceremonies. Origin and pronunciation The term's root has to do with display or show (δεῖξις ''deixis''). It is a literary or rhetorical term from the Greek ἐπιδεικτικός "for rhetorical effect". It is generally pronounced . Characteristics This is rhetoric of ceremony, commemoration, declamation, demonstration, on the one hand, and of play, entertainment and display, including self-display. It is also the rhetoric used at festivals, the Olympic games, state visits and other formal events like the opening and closing ceremonies, and celebrations of anniversaries of important events, including illustrious victories, births, deaths, and weddings. Its major subject is praise and blame, according to Aristotle in the limited space he pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deliberative Rhetoric
Deliberative rhetoric (Greek: γένος συμβουλευτικόν, ''genos symbouleutikon''; Latin: ''genus deliberativum''; sometimes called legislative oratory) is one of the three kinds of rhetoric described by Aristotle. Deliberative rhetoric juxtaposes potential future outcomes to communicate support or opposition for a given action or policy. In deliberative rhetoric, an argument is made using examples from the past to predict future outcomes in order to illustrate that a given policy or action will either be harmful or beneficial in the future. It differs from deliberative democracy, which is a form of governmental discourse or institution that prioritizes public debate. Aristotle proposed that the form and function of speeches are shaped by the possible speech goals, and classified three different types of speeches to exemplify a range of purposes: forensic, epideictic, and deliberative. Deliberative speeches are those that argue for a course of action, derived from th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law And Literature
The law and literature movement focuses on connections between law and literature. This field has roots in two developments in the intellectual history of law—first, the growing doubt about whether law in isolation is a source of value and meaning, or whether it must be plugged into a large cultural or philosophical or social-science context to give it value and meaning; and, second, the growing focus on the mutability of meaning in all texts, whether literary or legal. Work in the field comprises two complementary perspectives: ''Law in literature'' (understanding issues as they are explored in literary texts) and ''law as literature'' (understanding legal texts with literary interpretation, analysis, and critique). History of the movement James Boyd White's '' The Legal Imagination'' (1973) is often credited with initiating the law and literature movement. It is a fusion of anthology and critique, drawing on a range of sources, with headnotes and questions on the relations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Boyd White
James Boyd White (born 1938) is an American law professor, literary critic, scholar and philosopher who is generally credited with founding the " law and Literature" movement. He is a proponent of the analysis of constitutive rhetoric in the analysis of legal texts. Biography White attended Amherst College, from which he graduated in 1960 with a B.A. in Classics, and went on to earn an M.A. in English Literature from Harvard University in 1961, and an LL.B. from the Harvard Law School in 1964. He practiced with the firm of Foley Hoag in Boston before moving into teaching. He taught at the University of Colorado School of Law from 1967 to 1974, at the University of Chicago Law School from 1974 to 1983, and has been at the University of Michigan Law School from 1983 until the present. At Michigan, White is the L. Hart Wright Professor of Law, Professor of English and Adjunct Professor of Classics. He is also a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences The Ameri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legal Studies
Jurisprudence, also known as theory of law or philosophy of law, is the examination in a general perspective of what law is and what it ought to be. It investigates issues such as the definition of law; legal validity; legal norms and values; and the relationship between law and other fields of study, including economics, ethics, history, sociology, and political philosophy. Modern jurisprudence began in the 18th century and was based on the first principles of natural law, civil law, and the law of nations. Contemporary philosophy of law addresses problems internal to law and legal systems and problems of law as a social institution that relates to the larger political and social context in which it exists. Jurisprudence can be divided into categories both by the type of question scholars seek to answer and by the theories of jurisprudence, or schools of thought, regarding how those questions are best answered: * Natural law holds that there are rational objective limits ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Lucaites
John Louis Lucaites (born 1952) is an American academic. He is a provost professor emeritus of rhetoric and public culture at Indiana University. In 2012, Lucaites was appointed as associate dean for arts and humanities and undergraduate education at Indiana University. His research concerns the general relationship between rhetoric and social theory, and seeks to contribute in particular to the critique and reconstruction of liberalism in contemporary social, political, and cultural practices in the United States. Education Lucaites obtained a BA in 1974 from Rutgers College, an MA in 1975 from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and a PhD in 1984 from the University of Iowa. Awards *Douglas W. Ehninger Distinguished Rhetorical Scholar Award of the National Communication Association, 2014, "for his work on civil rights rhetorics and in visual rhetorics" *Diamond Anniversary Book Award and James A. Winans-Herbert A. Wichelns Memorial Award for Distinguished Scholarshi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Critical Legal Studies
Critical legal (CLS) is a school of critical theory that developed in the United States during the 1970s.Alan Hunt, "The Theory of Critical Legal Studies," Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 6, No. 1 (1986): 1-45, esp. 1, 5. Se DOI, 10.1093/ojls/6.1.1. CLS adherents claim that laws are devised to maintain the status quo of society and thereby codify its biases against marginalized groups. Despite wide variation in the opinions of critical legal scholars around the world, there is general consensus regarding the key goals of critical legal studies: * to demonstrate the ambiguity and possible preferential outcomes of supposedly impartial and rigid legal doctrines; * to publicize historical, social, economic and psychological results of legal decisions; * to demystify legal analysis and legal culture in order to impose transparency on legal processes so that they earn the general support of socially responsible citizens. The abbreviations "CLS" and "Crit" are sometimes used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anton-Hermann Chroust
Anton-Hermann Chroust (29 January 1907 – January 1982) was a German- American jurist, philosopher and historian A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human species; as well as the ..., from 1946 to 1972, professor of law, philosophy, and history, at the University of Notre Dame. Chroust was best known for his 1965 book ''The Rise of the Legal Profession in America''. Life Chroust was born on January 28, 1907, in Wurzburg, Germany, the son of Johanna and Anton Julius Chroust. His father was an Austrian-born professor of German history at the University of Wurzburg. Anton-Hermann Chroust earned a bachelor's degree from the University of Wurzberg in 1925, a law degree from the University of Erlangen in 1929, and a doctorate from the University of Munich in 193. He arrived in the United States iSe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Courts
A court is an institution, often a government entity, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and administer justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law. Courts generally consist of judges or other judicial officers, and are usually established and dissolved through legislation enacted by a legislature. Courts may also be established by constitution or an equivalent constituting instrument. The practical authority given to the court is known as its jurisdiction, which describes the court's power to decide certain kinds of questions, or petitions put to it. There are various kinds of courts, including trial courts, appellate courts, administrative courts, international courts, and tribunals. Description A court is any person or institution, often as a government institution, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and carry out the administration of justice in civil, cri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedoms
Political freedom (also known as political autonomy or political agency) is a central concept in history and political thought and one of the most important features of democratic societies.Hannah Arendt, "What is Freedom?", ''Between Past and Future: Eight Exercises in Political Thought'', (New York: Penguin, 1993). Political freedom has been described as freedom from oppression or coercion, the absence of disabling conditions for an individual and the fulfillment of enabling conditions, or the absence of life conditions of compulsion in society, such as economic compulsion. Although political freedom is often interpreted negatively as the freedom from unreasonable external constraints on action, it can also refer to the positive exercise of rights, capacities and possibilities for action and the exercise of social or group rights. The concept can also include freedom from internal constraints on political action or speech such as social conformity, consistency, or inauthen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
