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Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl Chloride
Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride (Fmoc-Cl) is a chloroformate ester. It is used to introduce the fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl protecting group as the Fmoc carbamate In organic chemistry, a carbamate is a category of organic compounds with the general Chemical formula, formula and Chemical structure, structure , which are formally Derivative (chemistry), derived from carbamic acid (). The term includes orga .... Preparation This compound may be prepared by reacting 9-fluorenylmethanol with phosgene: : References {{reflist Chloroformates Reagents for organic chemistry Reagents for biochemistry Biochemistry methods ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sigma-Aldrich
Sigma-Aldrich (formally MilliporeSigma) is an American chemical, life science, and biotechnology company owned by the multinational chemical conglomerate Merck Group. Sigma-Aldrich was created in 1975 by the merger of Sigma Chemical Company and Aldrich Chemical Company. It grew through various acquisitions until it had over 9,600 employees and was listed on the Fortune 1000. The company has two United States headquarters, in St. Louis and Burlington, MA and has operations in approximately 40 countries. In 2015, the multinational chemical conglomerate Merck Group acquired Sigma-Aldrich for $17 billion. The company is currently a part of Merck's life science business and in combination with Merck's earlier acquired Millipore Corporation, Millipore, operates as MilliporeSigma. It is headquartered in Burlington, Massachusetts, United States. History Sigma Chemical Company of St. Louis and Aldrich Chemical Company of Milwaukee were both American specialty chemical companies when they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chloroformate
Chloroformates are a class of organic compounds with the formula ROC(O)Cl. They are formally esters of chloroformic acid. Most are colorless, volatile liquids that degrade in moist air. A simple example is methyl chloroformate, which is commercially available. Chloroformates are used as reagents in organic chemistry. For example, benzyl chloroformate is used to introduce the Cbz (carboxybenzyl) protecting group and fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride is used to introduce the FMOC protecting group. Chloroformates are popular in the field of chromatography as derivatization agents. They convert polar compounds into less polar more volatile derivatives. In this way, chloroformates enable relatively simple transformation of large array of metabolites (aminoacids, amines, carboxylic acids, phenols) for analysis by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry. Reactions The reactivity of chloroformates and acyl chlorides are similar. Representative reactions are: * Reaction with amines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl Protecting Group
The fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl protecting group (Fmoc) is a base-labile amine protecting group used in organic synthesis, particularly in peptide synthesis. It is popular for its stability toward acids and hydrolysis and its selective removal by weak bases, such as piperidine, without affecting most other protecting groups or sensitive functional groups. Fmoc protection is especially advantageous in solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), where its compatibility with other reagents and ease of removal streamline synthesis workflows. Upon deprotection, Fmoc yields a byproduct ( Dibenzofulvene) that can be monitored by UV spectroscopy, allowing for efficient reaction tracking. Protection & Formation Fmoc-carbamate is frequently used as a protecting group for primary and secondary amines, where the Fmoc group can be introduced by reacting the amine with fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride (Fmoc-Cl), e.g.: : The other common method for introducing the Fmoc group is through 9-fluore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbamate
In organic chemistry, a carbamate is a category of organic compounds with the general Chemical formula, formula and Chemical structure, structure , which are formally Derivative (chemistry), derived from carbamic acid (). The term includes organic compounds (e.g., the ester ethyl carbamate), formally obtained by replacing one or more of the hydrogen atoms by other organic functional groups; as well as salt (chemistry), salts with the carbamate anion (e.g. ammonium carbamate). Polymers whose repeat units are joined by carbamate like groups are an important family of plastics, the polyurethanes. See for clarification. Properties While carbamic acids are unstable, many carbamate esters and salt (chemistry), salts are stable and well known. Equilibrium with carbonate and bicarbonate In water solutions, the carbamate anion slowly equilibrates with the ammonium cation and the carbonate or bicarbonate anions: : : Calcium carbamate is soluble in water, whereas calcium carbona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phosgene
Phosgene is an organic chemical compound with the formula . It is a toxic, colorless gas; in low concentrations, its musty odor resembles that of freshly cut hay or grass. It can be thought of chemically as the double acyl chloride analog of carbonic acid, or structurally as formaldehyde with the hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorine atoms. In 2013, about 75–80 % of global phosgene was consumed for isocyanates, 18% for polycarbonates and about 5% for other fine chemicals. Phosgene is extremely poisonous and was used as a chemical weapon during World War I, where it was responsible for 85,000 deaths. It is a highly potent pulmonary irritant and quickly filled enemy trenches due to it being a heavy gas. It is classified as a Schedule 3 substance under the Chemical Weapons Convention. In addition to its industrial production, small amounts occur from the breakdown and the combustion of organochlorine compounds, such as chloroform. Structure and basic properties Phosgene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Preparation Of Fmoc-Cl
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Chloroformates
Chloroformates are a class of organic compounds with the formula ROC(O)Cl. They are formally esters of chloroformic acid. Most are colorless, volatile liquids that degrade in moist air. A simple example is methyl chloroformate, which is commercially available. Chloroformates are used as reagents in organic chemistry. For example, benzyl chloroformate is used to introduce the Cbz (carboxybenzyl) protecting group and fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride is used to introduce the FMOC protecting group. Chloroformates are popular in the field of chromatography as derivatization agents. They convert polar compounds into less polar more volatile derivatives. In this way, chloroformates enable relatively simple transformation of large array of metabolites (aminoacids, amines, carboxylic acids, phenols) for analysis by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry. Reactions The reactivity of chloroformates and acyl chlorides are similar. Representative reactions are: * Reaction with amines to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reagents For Organic Chemistry
In chemistry, a reagent ( ) or analytical reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or test if one occurs. The terms ''reactant'' and ''reagent'' are often used interchangeably, but reactant specifies a substance ''consumed'' in the course of a chemical reaction. ''Solvents'', though involved in the reaction mechanism, are usually not called reactants. Similarly, ''catalysis, catalysts'' are not consumed by the reaction, so they are not reactants. In biochemistry, especially in connection with enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the reactants are commonly called substrate (biochemistry), substrates. Definitions Organic chemistry In organic chemistry, the term "reagent" denotes a chemical ingredient (a compound or mixture, typically of inorganic or small organic molecules) introduced to cause the desired transformation of an organic substance. Examples include the Collins reagent, Fenton's reagent, and Grignard reagents. Analytical chemistry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
