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Flubromazolam
Flubromazolam (JYI-73) is a triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD), which are benzodiazepine (BZD) derivatives. Flubromazolam is reputed to be highly potent, and concerns have been raised that clonazolam and flubromazolam in particular may pose comparatively higher risks than other designer benzodiazepines, due to their ability to produce strong sedation and amnesia at oral doses of as little as 0.5 mg. Life-threatening adverse reactions have been observed at doses of only 3 mg of flubromazolam. Legal status Sweden Flubromazolam has been classified as an illegal substance in Sweden after seizures by customs and police, as well as indications from the EMCDDA of wider use as a recreational drug. Switzerland Flubromazolam is illegal in Switzerland as of December 2015. United Kingdom In the UK, flubromazolam has been classified as a Class C drug by the May 2017 amendment to The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 along with several other designer benzodiazepine drugs. Australia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clonazolam
Clonazolam (also known as clonitrazolam) is a drug of the triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD) class, which are benzodiazepines (BZDs) fused with a triazole ring. Although little research has been done about its effects and metabolism, it is sold online as a designer drug. The synthesis of clonazolam was first reported in 1971 and the drug was described as the most active compound in the series tested. Depending on dose consumed, clonazolam may pose comparatively higher risk than other designer benzodiazepines due to its ability to produce strong sedation and amnesia at doses as small as 0.5 mg. Legality United Kingdom In the UK, clonazolam has been classified as a Class C drug by the May 2017 amendment to The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 along with several other designer benzodiazepine drugs. United States It is a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States and is not FDA approved for human consumption. Virginia state law has declared all of the following related me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benzodiazepine
Benzodiazepines (BZD, BDZ, BZs), colloquially known as "benzos", are a class of central nervous system (CNS) depressant, depressant drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring. They are prescribed to treat conditions such as anxiety disorders, insomnia, and seizures. The first benzodiazepine, chlordiazepoxide (Librium), was discovered accidentally by Leo Sternbach in 1955, and was made available in 1960 by Roche, Hoffmann–La Roche, which followed with the development of diazepam (Valium) three years later, in 1963. By 1977, benzodiazepines were the most prescribed medications globally; the introduction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), among other factors, decreased rates of prescription, but they remain frequently used worldwide. Benzodiazepines are depressants that enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-Aminobutyric acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABAA receptor, GABAA receptor, resulting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diário Oficial Da União
The ''Diário Oficial da União'' (literally ''Official Diary of the Union''), abbreviated DOU, is the government gazette, official gazette of the Federal Government of Brazil, Federal Government of Brazil. It is published since 1 October 1862 and was created via the Imperial Decree 1,177 of its 9 September as the ''Official Journal of the Empire of Brazil''. Its current name was adopted after Brazil became a federal republic, and the "Union" came into being as the legal personality of the new federal government. The official journal is published by the Imprensa Nacional, Brazilian National Press. Though the journal has been published since 1862, it had many predecessors, as follows: # Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro (10/9/1808 – 29.12.1821) # Gazeta do Rio (1/1/1822 – 31/12/1822) # Diário do Governo (2/1/1823 – 28/6/1833) # Diário Fluminense (21/5/1824 – 24/4/1831) # Correio Oficial (1/7/1833 – 30/6/1836) e (2/1/1830 – 30/12/1840) # Without proper journal (31/12/1840 – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desmethylflunitrazepam
Desmethylflunitrazepam (also known as norflunitrazepam, Ro05-4435 and fonazepam) is a benzodiazepine that is a metabolite of flunitrazepam and has been sold online as a designer drug. It has an IC50 value of 1.499 nM for the GABAA receptor. See also * Nitrazolam * Phenazepam Phenazepam (also known in Russia as bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine) is a benzodiazepine drug, first developed in the Soviet Union in 1975, and now produced in Russia and several other countries. Phenazepam is used in the treatment of vario ... * List of benzodiazepine designer drugs References Designer drugs 2-Fluorophenyl compounds GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators Glycine receptor antagonists Lactams Nitrobenzodiazepines {{sedative-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bromobenzene Derivatives
Bromobenzene is an aryl bromide and the simplest of the bromobenzenes, consisting of a benzene ring substituted with one bromine atom. Its chemical formula is . It is a colourless liquid although older samples can appear yellow. It is a reagent in organic synthesis. Synthesis and reactions Bromobenzene is prepared by the action of bromine on benzene in the presence of Lewis acid catalysts such as aluminium chloride or ferric bromide. Bromobenzene is used to introduce a phenyl group into other compounds. One method involves its conversion to the Grignard reagent, phenylmagnesium bromide. This reagent can be used, e.g. in the reaction with carbon dioxide to prepare benzoic acid. Other methods involve palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions, such as the Suzuki reaction. Bromobenzene is used as a precursor in the manufacture of phencyclidine Phencyclidine or phenylcyclohexyl piperidine (PCP), also known in its use as a street drug as angel dust among other names, is a dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrazolam
Pyrazolam (SH-I-04) is a benzodiazepine derivative originally developed by a team led by Leo Sternbach at Hoffman-La Roche in the 1970s. It has since been "rediscovered" and sold as a designer drug since 2012. Pyrazolam has structural similarities to alprazolam and bromazolam. Unlike other benzodiazepines, pyrazolam does not appear to undergo metabolism, instead being excreted unchanged in the urine. Legal status United Kingdom In the UK, pyrazolam has been classified as a Class C drug by section 5 of the May 2017 amendment to The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 along with several other designer benzodiazepine drugs. United States Unscheduled at the federal level. Alabama made Pyrazolam a schedule I substance on March 18th, 2014. Synthesis : The condensation of bromazepam (1) with methylamine and titanium tetrachloride gives the amidine (2). Treatment with nitrous acid gives the nitrosylation product (3). Further reaction with hydrazine gives (4), which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenazepam
Phenazepam (also known in Russia as bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine) is a benzodiazepine drug, first developed in the Soviet Union in 1975, and now produced in Russia and several other countries. Phenazepam is used in the treatment of various mental disorders such as psychiatric schizophrenia and anxiety. It can be used as a premedication before surgery as it augments the effects of anesthetics. Recently, phenazepam has gained popularity as a recreational drug; misuse has been reported in the United Kingdom, Finland, Sweden, and the United States. Indications * Neurosis, neurosis-like, psychopathic (personality disorder), psychopathic-like and other conditions accompanied by fear, anxiety, increased irritability, and emotional lability * Brief reactive psychosis and hypochondriasis-senestopathic syndrome * Vegetative dysfunction and vegetative lability * Insomnia * Alcohol withdrawal syndrome * Temporal lobe epilepsy and myoclonic epilepsy (used only occasionally as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nifoxipam
Nifoxipam (3-hydroxydesmethylflunitrazepam, DP 370) is a benzodiazepine that is a minor metabolite of flunitrazepam and has been sold online as a designer drug A designer drug is a structural or functional analog of a controlled substance that has been designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the original drug, while avoiding classification as illegal and/or detection in standard drug tests. .... Nifoxipam produces strong tranquillising and sleep-prolonging effects and has much lower toxicity compared to lormetazepam and flunitrazepam in mice. See also * List of benzodiazepine designer drugs * Nitrazolam * Nitemazepam * Phenazepam References Designer drugs 2-Fluorophenyl compounds GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators Glycine receptor antagonists Lactams Nitrobenzodiazepines Lactims {{nervous-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meclonazepam
Meclonazepam ((''S'')-3-methylclonazepam) is a benzodiazepine derivative similar in structure to clonazepam. It was first discovered by a team at Hoffmann-La Roche in the 1970s. It has sedative and anxiolytic actions like those of other benzodiazepines, and also has anti-parasitic effects against the parasitic worm ''Schistosoma mansoni''. Meclonazepam was never used as medicine and instead appeared online as a designer drug. Pharmacology Its sedative and anxiolytic abilities are attributed to the same mechanism used by other benzodiazepine drugs: modulation of the GABAA receptor in the brain. This psychoactive activity makes it useful for recreational use. The sedating side effect would also make it unsuitable for routine use as an antiparasitical. Schistosomal parasites do not have an ortholog of the GABAA receptor. Instead, meclonazepam seems to cause a rapid calcium influx, leading to muscle contraction and tegument damage. In 2023, meclonazepam is shown to activate a cal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flubrotizolam
Flubrotizolam (2-bromo-4-(2-fluorophenyl)-9-methyl-6H-thieno ,2-f1,2,4]triazolo ,3-a1,4]diazepine) is a thienotriazolodiazepine derivative with potent sedative and anxiolytic effects, which has been sold as a designer drug. See also * Brotizolam * Deschloroclotizolam * Flubromazolam * Fluclotizolam * Etizolam Etizolam (marketed under numerous brand names) is a thienodiazepine derivative which is a benzodiazepine analog. The etizolam molecule differs from a benzodiazepine in that the benzene ring has been replaced by a thiophene ring and triazole rin ... References Designer drugs GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators Thienotriazolodiazepines {{sedative-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flualprazolam
Flualprazolam is a tranquilizer of the triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD) class, which are benzodiazepines (BZDs) fused with a triazole ring. It was first synthesised in 1976, but was never marketed. It can be seen as the triazolo version of fludiazepam. It has subsequently been sold as a designer drug, first being definitively identified as such in Sweden in 2018. It can be described as the 2'-fluoro derivative of alprazolam or the fluoro instead of chloro analogue of triazolam, and has similar sedative and anxiolytic effects. Legal status Flualprazolam is banned in Sweden and illegal in the UK. In December 2019, the World Health Organization recommended flualprazolam for international scheduling as a Schedule IV medication under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. In the United States, Oregon and Virginia have placed Flualprazolam into Schedule I. On December 23, 2022, the DEA announced it had begun consideration on the matter of placing Flualprazolam under temporary Sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
