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Florin (New Zealand Coin)
The florin is a coin issued for the New Zealand pound from 1933 to 1965, equal to two Shilling (New Zealand coin), shillings or twenty-four Penny (New Zealand pre-decimal coin), pence. The coin features a kiwi on the reverse and the reigning monarch on the obverse. It was introduced in 1933 as part of the first issue of Coins of the New Zealand pound, New Zealand pound coinage, due to shortages of British silver coins resulting from the devaluation of local currency relative to the pound sterling. A lengthy design process was further protracted due to differing proposed design motifs between the Royal Mint, supporting a reverse design featuring heraldic ships, and the Gordon Coates–appointed Coinage Committee's proposed Kiwi (bird), kiwi design. This disagreement led to almost a dozen proposed designs and revisions before the finalised issue entered circulation in February 1934. Initially struck in silver by the Royal Mint to replace the previous Florin (British coin), imperia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand Pound
The pound (symbol £, £NZ. for distinction) was the currency of New Zealand from 1933 until 1967, when it was replaced by the New Zealand dollar. Prior to this, New Zealand used the pound sterling since the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. Like the pound sterling, it was subdivided into 20 Shilling (New Zealand coin), shillings (abbreviation s or /) each of 12 Penny (New Zealand pre-decimal coin), pence (symbol d). History Up until the outbreak of the World War I, First World War, the New Zealand pound was at parity with one pound sterling. As a result of the Great Depression of the early 1930s, the New Zealand agricultural export market to the UK was badly affected. Australian banks, which controlled the New Zealand exchanges with London, devalued the New Zealand pound to match the value of the Australian pound in 1933, from parity or £NZ 1 = £1 sterling to £NZ 1 = 16s sterling (£0.8). In 1948 it returned to parity with sterling or £NZ 1 = £1 ste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coins Of The New Zealand Dollar
The coins of the New Zealand dollar are used for the smallest physical currency available in New Zealand. The current denominations are ten cents, twenty cents, fifty cents, one dollar and two dollars. The $1 and $2 coins are minted in a gold colour, the 20c and 50c coins are silver colour and the 10c coin is plated in copper. Larger denominations of the New Zealand dollar are minted as banknotes of the New Zealand dollar. History Pre-dollar Prior to 10 July 1967, the New Zealand pound, using the £sd (pounds, shillings and pence) system, was the currency of New Zealand. Coins of the pound tended to follow the size, weight, and composition of their British counterparts. The main coins in usage were the halfpenny (d), penny (1d), threepence (3d), sixpence (6d), shilling (1s), florin (2s), and halfcrown (2s 6d). First coins Decimalisation of the New Zealand currency occurred on 10 July 1967, when the New Zealand pound was replaced by the New Zealand dollar at a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coat Of Arms Of New Zealand
The coat of arms of New Zealand () is the heraldic symbol representing the South Pacific island country of New Zealand. Its design reflects New Zealand's history as a bicultural nation, with Zealandia (personification), Zealandia, a European New Zealanders, European female figure on one side and a Māori people, Māori rangatira (chief) on the other. The symbols on the central shield represent New Zealand's trade, agriculture and industry, and a St Edward's Crown, Crown represents New Zealand's status as a constitutional monarchy. The arms were granted by warrant of George V of the United Kingdom, King George V on 26 August 1911, and modified by Elizabeth II, Queen Elizabeth II in 1956. While the use of the coat of arms is restricted to the New Zealand Government, the symbol enjoys wide use on state decorations; it appears on the uniform of the New Zealand Police, police and is on the cover of the New Zealand passport, national passport. History Until 1911, New Zealand used the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coins Of The Republic Of Ireland
Since independence, there have been three sets of coins of Ireland, coins in Ireland. In all three, the coin showed a Celtic harp on the Obverse and reverse, obverse. The £sd, pre-decimal coins of the Irish pound had realistic animals on the reverse; the Decimal Day, decimal coins retained some of these but featured ornamental birds on the lower denominations; and the Irish euro coins, euro coins used the common design of the euro currencies. The pre-decimal and original decimal coins were of the same dimensions as the same denomination British coins, as the Irish pound was in a de-facto currency union with the British pound sterling. British coins were widely accepted in Ireland, and conversely to a lesser extent. In 1979, Ireland joined the Exchange Rate Mechanism and the Irish pound left parity with sterling; coin designs introduced after this differed between the two countries. Background The first coins minted in Ireland were produced in about 995 AD in Dublin for Ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Johnson (civil Servant)
Colonel Sir Robert Arthur Johnson Royal Victorian Order, KCVO Order of the British Empire, KBE (26 March 1874 – 2 March 1938) was a British civil servant who served as Deputy Master and Controller of the Royal Mint from 1922 to his death in 1938. Early life, education and career The son of the Reverend Arthur Johnson (historian), Arthur Johnson, historian and chaplain of All Souls College, Oxford (and FA Cup winner in 1874 FA Cup Final, 1874 with Oxford University A.F.C., Oxford University), and his wife, Bertha Johnson, Bertha, Johnson was educated at Winchester College and New College, Oxford, graduating with a first in History in 1897. He was President of the Oxford Union. He joined the Scottish Education Department as a junior examiner and in 1910 transferred to HM Customs and Excise as Assistant Committee Clerk. Military service He was commissioned into the Volunteer Force in 1889 and served with the 41st Squadron, Imperial Yeomanry during the Second Boer War. From ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bertram Mackennal
Sir Edgar Bertram Mackennal (12 June 1863 – 10 October 1931), usually known as Bertram Mackennal, was an Australian sculptor and medallist, most famous for designing the coinage and stamps bearing the likeness of George V. He signed his work "BM". He was one of the few artists that King George V liked, and, as a result, was selected to create many sculptures of the late king. Some of his more notable works include statues of George on display in Delhi and Madras. Early life Bertram Mackennal was born in Fitzroy, Victoria, a suburb of Melbourne, the second son of parents who were both of Scottish descent. His mother was Annabella, Hyde, and his father was John Simpson Mackennal, a "prominent Melbourne artist and sculptor". Bertram's brother Horace John Mackennal (1875-1949) would go on to be a prominent architect who was responsible for the design of many large architectural projects in Victoria in his capacity as Commonwealth Works Director for Victoria (1912–1939). Joh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southern Rhodesian Pound
The pound was the currency of Southern Rhodesia. It also circulated in Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland. The pound was subdivided into 20 ''shillings'', each of 12 ''penny, pence''. History From 1896, private banks issued notes denominated in £sd equal to Pound sterling, sterling. In 1932, a distinct coinage was introduced. In 1938, the Southern Rhodesia Currency Board was established and took over the issuance of paper money the following year. Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland joined in 1953 to form the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, which continued to use the Southern Rhodesian pound until 1955 when coins were introduced for the Rhodesia and Nyasaland pound. 1955 also saw the Southern Rhodesia Currency Board renamed the Central African Currency Board. In 1956, the first paper money of the Rhodesia and Nyasaland pound was introduced, completing the transition. Coins In 1932, .925 fineness silver coins were introduced in denominations of 3d, 6d, 1/–, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gordon Coates, 1926
Gordon may refer to: People * Gordon (given name), a masculine given name, including list of persons and fictional characters * Gordon (surname), the surname * Gordon (slave), escaped to a Union Army camp during the U.S. Civil War * Gordon Heuckeroth (born 1968), Dutch performer and radio and television personality, known professionally by the mononym Gordon * Clan Gordon, a Scottish clan Education * Gordon State College, a public college in Barnesville, Georgia * Gordon College (Massachusetts), a Christian college in Wenham, Massachusetts * Gordon College (Pakistan), a Christian college in Rawalpindi, Pakistan * Gordon College (Philippines), a public university in Subic, Zambales * Gordon College of Education, a public college in Haifa, Israel Places Australia * Gordon, Australian Capital Territory * Gordon, New South Wales * Gordon, South Australia * Gordon, Victoria * Gordon River, Tasmania * Gordon River (Western Australia) Canada * Gordon Parish, New Brunswick * Gordon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Half-crown (New Zealand Coin)
The half-crown is the largest of five denominations of Coins of the New Zealand pound, New Zealand pound coinage first issued in 1933. Introduced due to shortages of comparable British silver coinage following the devaluation of the New Zealand pound relative to the pound sterling, the coin measures roughly in diameter. It was equal to thirty Penny (New Zealand pre-decimal coin), pence, two and a half Shilling (New Zealand coin), shillings, or an eighth of a pound. Designed by George Kruger Gray, the coin's reverse features the New Zealand coat of arms surrounded by Māori people, Māori wood carvings. Quickly approved by design committees in Britain and New Zealand to resolve the local currency shortage, the coin was the first denomination of New Zealand coinage to enter circulation. It was initially struck by the Royal Mint in .500 fineness silver, but was produced in cupronickel from 1947 onward. Centennial half-crown, A commemorative issue, celebrating the centennial of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fineness
The fineness of a precious metal object (coin, bar, jewelry, etc.) represents the weight of ''fine metal'' therein, in proportion to the total weight which includes alloying base metals and any impurities. Alloy metals are added to increase hardness and durability of coins and jewelry, alter colors, decrease the cost per weight, or avoid the cost of high-purity refinement. For example, copper is added to the precious metal silver to make a more durable alloy for use in coins, housewares and jewelry. Coin silver, which was used for making silver coins in the past, contains 90% silver and 10% copper, by mass. Sterling silver contains 92.5% silver and 7.5% of other metals, usually copper, by mass. Various ways of expressing fineness have been used and two remain in common use: ''millesimal fineness'' expressed in units of parts per 1,000 and '' karats'' or ''carats'' used only for gold. Karats measure the parts per 24, so that 18 karat = = 75% gold and 24 karat gold is considered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Counterfeit Money
Counterfeit money is currency produced outside of the legal sanction of a state or government, usually in a deliberate attempt to imitate that currency and so as to deceive its recipient. Producing or using counterfeit money is a form of fraud or forgery, and is illegal in all jurisdictions of the world. The business of counterfeiting money is nearly as old as money itself: plated copies (known as Fourrées) have been found of Lydian coins, which are thought to be among the first Western coins. Before the introduction of paper money, the most prevalent method of counterfeiting involved mixing base metals with pure gold or silver. Another form of counterfeiting is the production of documents by legitimate printers in response to fraudulent instructions. During World War II, the Nazis forged British pounds and American dollars. Today, some of the finest counterfeit banknotes are called '' Superdollars'' because of their high quality and imitation of the real US dollar. There has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florin (Australian Coin)
The Australian florin was a coin used in the Commonwealth of Australia before decimalisation in 1966. The florin was worth two shillings (24 pennies, pence, or one-tenth of a Australian pound, pound). The denomination was first minted in 1910 to the same size and weight as the Florin (British coin), British florin. Florins minted from 1910 to 1945 were produced with a .925 sterling silver content, weighing with an actual silver weight (ASW) of . Florins minted from 1946 to 1963 were produced with a .500 silver content (50% silver), weighing 11.31 grams with an ASW of . The coin was minted until 1963, with some years omitted: no florins were minted in 1920, 1929–30, 1937, 1948–50 and 1955. Also, commemorative florins were issued for the following years: 1927, 1934–35, 1951, and 1954. Two different designs were issued in each of the commemorative years (the "regular" approved issue plus the specially approved memorial designs). Also, no coins of any denomination were i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
