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Fighting Words
Fighting words are spoken words intended to provoke a retaliatory act of violence against the speaker. In United States constitutional law, the term describes words that inflict injury or would tend to incite an immediate breach of the peace. United States The fighting words doctrine, in United States constitutional law, is a limitation to freedom of speech as protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. In 1942, the U.S. Supreme Court established the doctrine by a 9–0 decision in '' Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire''. It held that "insulting or 'fighting words', those that by their very utterance inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of the peace" are among the "well-defined and narrowly limited classes of speech the prevention and punishment of hich... have never been thought to raise any constitutional problem." ''Chaplinsky'' decision Walter Chaplinsky, a Jehovah's Witness, had purportedly told a New Hampshire town marshal who wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speech
Speech is the use of the human voice as a medium for language. Spoken language combines vowel and consonant sounds to form units of meaning like words, which belong to a language's lexicon. There are many different intentional speech acts, such as informing, declaring, asking, persuading, directing; acts may vary in various aspects like enunciation, Intonation (linguistics), intonation, loudness, and Speech tempo, tempo to convey meaning. Individuals may also unintentionally communicate aspects of their social position through speech, such as sex, age, place of origin, physiological and mental condition, education, and experiences. While normally used to facilitate communication with others, people may also use speech without the intent to communicate. Speech may nevertheless express emotions or desires; people Talking to oneself, talk to themselves sometimes in acts that are a development of what some psychologists (e.g., Lev Vygotsky) have maintained is the use of silent spee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rosenfeld V
Rosenfeld may refer to: Places * Rosenfeld, Germany, a town in Baden-Württemberg * Rosenfeld, Manitoba, a Canadian village in the Rural Municipality of Rhineland * Rosenfeld, Texas, an unincorporated community in west central Brewster County * Dr. James Rosenfeld House in southwest Portland, Oregon * Heiser, Rosenfeld, and Strauss Buildings in Baltimore, Maryland Surname * Albert Rosenfeld (1885–1970), Australian rugby league footballer * Alexandra Rosenfeld (born 1986), elected "Miss France" in 2006 * Andrée Rosenfeld (1934–2008), Belgian rock art researcher and archaeologist * Andrew Rosenfeld (1962–2015), British businessman * Arthur Rozenfeld (born 1995), French basketball player in the Israeli Basketball Premier League * Arthur H. Rosenfeld (1926–2017), energy conservationist ** Rosenfeld Effect ** Rosenfeld's law * Azriel Rosenfeld (1931–2004), American informatics professor * Bella Rosenfeld (1895–1944), Yiddish picture book writer * Bobbie Rosenfeld (1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commonwealth Law Reports
The Commonwealth Law Reports (CLR) () are the authorised reports of decisions of the High Court of Australia. The Commonwealth Law Reports are published by the Lawbook Company, a division of Thomson Reuters. James Merralls AM QC was the editor of the Reports from 1969 until his death in 2016. The current editors are Paul Vout KC and Peter Willis SC. Each reported judgment includes a headnote written by an expert reporter (by convention, a practising barrister) which, as an authorised report, has been approved by the High Court. The current reporters are as follows: * Hannah Canham * Roshan Chaile * Bora Kaplan * James McComish * William Newland * Jakub Patela * Stephen Puttick * Daniel Reynolds * Marcus Roberts * Alexander Solomon-Bridge * Ahmed Terzic * Julia Wang * Michael Wells * Radhika Withana The headnotes include a summary of counsel's legal arguments. The Reports also include tables of cases reported, affirmed, reversed, overruled, applied or judicially commented ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd V Commonwealth
''Australian Capital Television v Commonwealth'',. is a decision of the High Court of Australia. The case is notable in Australian Constitutional Law as one of the first cases within Australia's implied freedom of political communication jurisprudence. On its facts, the case concerned the constitutional validity of Part IIID of the ''Political Broadcasts and Political Disclosures Act'' 1991,. which regulated political advertising during election campaigns, and required broadcasters to broadcast political advertisements free of charge at other times. The High Court found the laws to be invalid. Background to the case The Hawke government in 1992 introduced the ''Political Broadcasts and Political Disclosures Act 1991'', which notably prohibited the broadcasting of politically related material on electronic media such as radio and television during the period leading up to a State or Federal election (except in news, current affairs or talkback programs). The laws also obli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nationwide News Pty Ltd V Wills
''Nationwide News Pty Ltd v Wills'' is a High Court of Australia case that deals with a number of issues regarding the Constitution of Australia, Australian Constitution, including the Express right free interstate trade and commerce (Section 92 of the Constitution of Australia, section 92), the implied freedom of political communication, and the role of proportionality. Background The ''Industrial Relations Act'' 1988 (Cth) made it an offence to bring the Australian Industrial Relations Commission into disrepute. Nationwide News published an article attacking the integrity and independence of the commission. Nationwide News argued that the Act infringed the implied freedom of political communications, while the Commonwealth argued that the Act was valid under Section 51(xxxv) of the Australian Constitution, section 51(xxxv) (conciliation and arbitration power), as well as Section 51(xxxix) of the Constitution of Australia, section 51(xxxix) (express incidental power). Deci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Westboro Baptist Church
The Westboro Baptist Church (WBC) is an American unaffiliated Primitive Baptists, Primitive Baptist church in Topeka, Kansas, that was founded in 1955 by pastor Fred Phelps. It is widely considered a hate group and a cult, and is known for Protests by Westboro Baptist Church, its public protests Homophobia, against Homosexuality, gay people and for its usage of the phrases "God hates Faggot, fags" and "Thank God for dead soldiers". It also engages in hate speech against Discrimination against atheists, atheists, Antisemitism, Jews, Islamophobia, Muslims, Transphobia, transgender people, and other Christian denominations. The WBC's theology and practices are widely condemned by other Christian churches, including the Baptist World Alliance and the Southern Baptist Convention, and by politicians and public figures, including former U.S. President Barack Obama. WBC has been protesting against homosexuality since 1989. Within a few years, the group expanded to protesting across the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuel Alito
Samuel Anthony Alito Jr. ( ; born April 1, 1950) is an American jurist who serves as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He was Samuel Alito Supreme Court nomination, nominated to the high court by President George W. Bush on October 31, 2005, and has served on it since January 31, 2006. After Antonin Scalia, Alito is the second Italian-American, Italian American justice to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court. Alito was raised in Hamilton Township, Mercer County, New Jersey, Hamilton Township, New Jersey, and graduated from Princeton University and Yale Law School. After law school, he worked as an assistant attorney general for the Office of Legal Counsel and served as the United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey, U.S. attorney for the District of New Jersey. In 1990, Alito was appointed as a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, where he served until joining th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oyez Project
The Oyez Project is an unofficial online multimedia archive website for the Supreme Court of the United States. It was initiated by the Illinois Institute of Technology's Chicago-Kent College of Law and now also sponsored by Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute and Justia. The website has emphasis on the court's audio of oral arguments. The website "aims to be a complete and authoritative source for all audio recorded in the Court since ../nowiki> October 1955."About Oyez Oyez.org The website also includes biographical information of both incumbent and historical of the Court and advocates who have argued before the court. The project's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Snyder V
Snyder may refer to: Places in the United States * Snyder, Colorado * Snyder, Missouri * Snyder, Nebraska * Snyder, New York * Snyder, Oklahoma * Snyder, Texas * Snyder County, Pennsylvania * Snyder Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania * Snyder Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania People * Snyder (surname) Fictional characters *Alan Snyder, the leader of the Los Angeles bloc in ''Colony A colony is a territory subject to a form of foreign rule, which rules the territory and its indigenous peoples separated from the foreign rulers, the colonizer, and their ''metropole'' (or "mother country"). This separated rule was often orga ...'' * Carly Snyder, character in ''As the World Turns'' * Holden Snyder, character in ''As the World Turns'' * Jack Snyder (As the World Turns), character in ''As the World Turns'' * Luke Snyder, character in ''As the World Turns'' * Meg Snyder, character in ''As the World Turns'' * Principal Snyder, character in ''Buffy the Vampire Sl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cross Burning
In modern times, cross burning or cross lighting is a practice which is associated with the Ku Klux Klan. However, it was practiced long before the Klan's inception. Since the early 20th century, the Klan has burned crosses on hillsides as a way to intimidate and threaten Black Americans and other marginalized groups. Scottish origins In Scotland, the fiery cross, known as the , was used as a declaration of war. The sight of it commanded all clan members to rally to the defence of the area. On other occasions, a small burning cross would be carried from town to town. During the War of 1812, burning crosses were used to mobilize the Canadian Militia's Glengarry Light Infantry when American forces invaded Canada. In 1820, over 800 fighting men of Clan Grant were gathered, by the passing of the fiery cross, to come to the aid of their Clan Chieftain and his sister in the town of Elgin, Scotland. In Scotland itself, the last significant use of the burning cross was made in 1745, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virginia V
Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States between the East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The state's List of capitals in the United States, capital is Richmond, Virginia, Richmond and its most populous city is Virginia Beach, Virginia, Virginia Beach. Its most populous subdivision is Fairfax County, Virginia, Fairfax County, part of Northern Virginia, where slightly over a third of Virginia's population of more than 8.8million live. Eastern Virginia is part of the Atlantic Plain, and the Middle Peninsula forms the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. Central Virginia lies predominantly in the Piedmont (United States), Piedmont, the foothill region of the Blue Ridge Mountains, which cross the western and southwestern parts of the state. The fertile Shenandoah Valley fosters the state's mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Texas V
Texas ( , ; or ) is the most populous state in the South Central region of the United States. It borders Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the west, and has an international border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south and southwest. Texas has a coastline on the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Covering and with over 31 million residents as of 2024, it is the second-largest state by area and population. Texas is nicknamed the ''Lone Star State'' for its former status as the independent Republic of Texas. Spain was the first European country to claim and control Texas. Following a short-lived colony controlled by France, Mexico controlled the land until 1836 when Texas won its independence, becoming the Republic of Texas. In 1845, Texas joined the United States of America as the 28th state. The state's annexation set off a chain of events that led to the Mexican� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
