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Fault Reporting
Fault reporting is a maintenance concept that increases operational availability and that reduces operating cost by three mechanisms: * Reduce labor-intensive diagnostic evaluation * Eliminate diagnostic testing down-time * Provide notification to management for degraded operation That is a prerequisite for condition-based maintenance. Active redundancy can be integrated with fault reporting to reduce the down time to a few minutes per year. History Formal maintenance philosophies are required by organizations whose primary responsibility is to ensure systems are ready when expected, such as space agencies and military. Labor-intensive planned maintenance began during the rise of the Industrial Revolution and depends upon periodic diagnostic evaluation based upon calendar dates, distance, or use. The intent is to accomplish diagnostic evaluations that indicate when maintenance is required to prevent inconvenience and safety issues that will occur when critical equipment fai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operational Availability
Operational availability in systems engineering is a measurement of how long a system has been available to use when compared with how long it should have been available to be used. Definition Operational availability is a management concept that evaluates the following. * Diagnostic down time * Criticality * Fault isolation down time * Logistics delay down time * Corrective maintenance down time Any failed item that is not corrected will induce operational failure. A_o is used to evaluate that risk. Operational failure is unacceptable in any situation where the following can occur. * Capital equipment loss * Injury or loss of life * Sustained failure to accomplish mission In military acquisition, operational availability is used as one of the Key Performance Parameters in requirements documents, to form the basis for decision support analyses. History Aircraft systems, ship systems, missile systems, and space systems have a large number of failure modes that must be addressed w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operating Cost
Operating costs or operational costs, are the expenses which are related to the operation of a business, or to the operation of a device, component, piece of equipment or facility. They are the cost of resources used by an organization just to maintain its existence. Business operating costs For a commercial enterprise, operating costs fall into three broad categories: * Fixed costs, which are the same whether the operation is closed or running at 100% capacity. Fixed costs include items such as the rent of the building. These generally have to be paid regardless of what state the business is in. * Variable costs, which may increase depending on whether more production is done, and how it is done (producing 100 items of product might require 10 days of normal time or take 7 days if overtime is used. It may be more or less expensive to use overtime production depending on whether faster production means the product can be more profitable). Variable costs include indirect overh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Condition-based Maintenance
Predictive maintenance techniques are designed to help determine the condition of in-service equipment in order to estimate when maintenance should be performed. This approach claims more cost savings over routine or time-based preventive maintenance, because tasks are performed only when warranted. Thus, it is regarded as condition-based maintenance carried out as suggested by estimations of the degradation state of an item. The main appeal of predictive maintenance is to allow convenient scheduling of corrective maintenance, and to prevent unexpected equipment failures. By taking into account measurements of the state of the equipment, maintenance work can be better planned (spare parts, people, etc.) and what would have been "unplanned stops" are transformed to shorter and fewer "planned stops", thus increasing plant availability. Other potential advantages include increased equipment lifetime, increased plant safety, fewer accidents with negative impact on environment, and o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Active Redundancy
Active redundancy is a design concept that increases operational availability and that reduces operating cost by automating most critical maintenance actions. This concept is related to condition-based maintenance and fault reporting. History The initial requirement began with military combat systems during World War I. The approach used for survivability was to install thick armor plate to resist gun fire and install multiple guns. This became unaffordable and impractical during the Cold War when aircraft and missile systems became common. The new approach was to build distributed systems that continue to work when components are damaged. This depends upon very crude forms of artificial intelligence that perform reconfiguration by obeying specific rules. An example of this approach is the AN/UYK-43 computer. Formal design philosophies involving active redundancy are required for critical systems where corrective labor is undesirable or impractical to correct failure during no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Planned Maintenance
The technical meaning of maintenance involves functional checks, servicing, repairing or replacing of necessary devices, equipment, machinery, building infrastructure and supporting utilities in industrial, business, and residential installations. Terms such as "predictive" or "planned" maintenance describe various cost-effective practices aimed at keeping equipment operational; these activities occur either before or after a potential failure. Definitions Maintenance functions can be defined as maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO), and MRO is also used for maintenance, repair and operations. Over time, the terminology of maintenance and MRO has begun to become standardized. The United States Department of Defense uses the following definitions:Federal Standard 1037C and from MIL-STD-188 and from the Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms * Any activity—such as tests, measurements, replacements, adjustments, and repairs—intended to retain or r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution, sometimes divided into the First Industrial Revolution and Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840. This transition included going from craft production, hand production methods to machines; new Chemical industry, chemical manufacturing and Puddling (metallurgy), iron production processes; the increasing use of Hydropower, water power and Steam engine, steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanisation, mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods, and textiles b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Condition Based Maintenance
The technical meaning of maintenance involves functional checks, servicing, repairing or replacing of necessary devices, equipment, machinery, building infrastructure and supporting utilities in industrial, business, and residential installations. Terms such as "predictive" or "planned" maintenance describe various cost-effective practices aimed at keeping equipment operational; these activities occur either before or after a potential failure. Definitions Maintenance functions can be defined as maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO), and MRO is also used for maintenance, repair and operations. Over time, the terminology of maintenance and MRO has begun to become standardized. The United States Department of Defense uses the following definitions:Federal Standard 1037C and from MIL-STD-188 and from the Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms * Any activity—such as tests, measurements, replacements, adjustments, and repairs—intended to retain or r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syslog
In computing, syslog () is a standard for message logging. It allows separation of the software that generates messages, the system that stores them, and the software that reports and analyzes them. Each message is labeled with a facility code, indicating the type of system generating the message, and is assigned a severity level. Computer system designers may use syslog for system management and security auditing as well as general informational, analysis, and debugging messages. A wide variety of devices, such as printers, routers, and message receivers across many platforms use the syslog standard. This permits the consolidation of logging data from different types of systems in a central repository. Implementations of syslog exist for many operating systems. When operating over a network, syslog uses a client-server architecture where a syslog server listens for and logs messages coming from clients. History Syslog was developed in the 1980s by Eric Allman as part of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Power Distribution Unit
A power distribution unit (PDU) is a device fitted with multiple outputs designed to distribute electric power, especially to racks of computers and networking equipment located within a data center. Data centers face challenges in power protection and management solutions. This is why many data centers rely on PDU monitoring to improve efficiency, uptime, and growth. For data center applications, the power requirement is typically much larger than a home or office style power strips with power inputs as large as 22 kVA or even greater. Most large data centers utilize PDUs with 3-phase power input and 1-phase power output. There are two main categories of PDUs: Basic PDUs and intelligent (networked) PDUs or iPDUs. Basic PDUs simply provide a means of distributing power from the input to a plurality of outlets. Intelligent PDUs normally have a module that enables remote management of power metering information, power outlet on/off control and alarms. Some advanced PDUs allow users ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Video Camera
A video camera is an optical instrument that captures videos, as opposed to a movie camera, which records images on film. Video cameras were initially developed for the television industry but have since become widely used for a variety of other purposes. Video cameras are used primarily in two modes. The first, characteristic of much early broadcasting, is live television, where the camera feeds real time images directly to a screen for immediate observation. A few cameras still serve live television production, but most live connections are for security, military/tactical, and industrial operations where surreptitious or remote viewing is required. In the second mode the images are recorded to a storage device for archiving or further processing; for many years, videotape was the primary format used for this purpose, but was gradually supplanted by optical disc, hard disk, and then flash memory. Recorded video is used in television production, and more often surveillance and m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operational Availability
Operational availability in systems engineering is a measurement of how long a system has been available to use when compared with how long it should have been available to be used. Definition Operational availability is a management concept that evaluates the following. * Diagnostic down time * Criticality * Fault isolation down time * Logistics delay down time * Corrective maintenance down time Any failed item that is not corrected will induce operational failure. A_o is used to evaluate that risk. Operational failure is unacceptable in any situation where the following can occur. * Capital equipment loss * Injury or loss of life * Sustained failure to accomplish mission In military acquisition, operational availability is used as one of the Key Performance Parameters in requirements documents, to form the basis for decision support analyses. History Aircraft systems, ship systems, missile systems, and space systems have a large number of failure modes that must be addressed w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
