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Eyalet Of Baghdad
Baghdad Eyalet (, ) was an Iraqi eyalet of the Ottoman Empire centered on Baghdad. Its reported area in the 19th century was . History Safavid shah Ismail I took the Baghdad region from the Aq Qoyunlu in 1508. After the Safavid takeover, Sunni Muslims, Jews and Christians became targets of persecution, and were killed for being infidels. In addition, Shah Ismail ordered the destruction of the grave of Abu Hanifa, founder of the Hanafi school of law which the Ottomans adopted as their official legal guide. In 1534, Baghdad was captured by the Ottoman Empire, and the eyalet was established in 1535. Between 1623 and 1638, it was once again in Iranian hands. It was decisively recaptured by the Ottomans in 1638, whose possession over Iraq was agreed upon in the 1639 Treaty of Zuhab. For a time, Baghdad had been the largest city in the Middle East. The city saw relative revival in the latter part of the 18th century under a largely autonomous Mamluk government. Direct Ottoman r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Safavid Iran
The Guarded Domains of Iran, commonly called Safavid Iran, Safavid Persia or the Safavid Empire, was one of the largest and longest-lasting Iranian empires. It was ruled from 1501 to 1736 by the Safavid dynasty. It is often considered the beginning of History of Iran, modern Iranian history, as well as one of the gunpowder empires. The Safavid List of monarchs of Persia, Shāh Ismail I, Ismā'īl I established the Twelver denomination of Shia Islam, Shīʿa Islam as the Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam, official religion of the empire, marking one of the most important turning points in the history of Islam. An Iranian dynasty rooted in the Sufi Safavid order founded by sheikhs claimed by some sources to be of Kurds, Kurdish origin, it heavily intermarried with Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman, Georgians, Georgian, Circassians, Circassian, and Pontic Greeks, Pontic GreekAnthony Bryer. "Greeks and Türkmens: The Pontic Exception", ''Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 29'' (1975), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehmed Namık Pasha
Mehmed Emin Namık Pasha (1804 – 1892) was an Ottoman statesman and military reformer, who is considered to be one of the founding fathers of the modern Ottoman Army. He served under five Sultans and acted as counsellor to at least four of them. He founded the '' Mekteb-i Harbiye'' (The Ottoman Military Academy), was twice Viceroy of the province of Bagdad, was the first ambassador of the Sublime Porte at Saint-James's Court, was appointed '' Serasker'' (Supreme Commander of the Ottoman Army), he served as the Minister of War, became a Cabinet minister, and was conferred the title of ''Şeyh-ül Vüzera'' (Head of Imperial Ministers). During a long career that spanned a long lifetime (he lived to be eighty-eight), he was one of the personalities who shaped, as well as were themselves shaped by, what historian İlber Ortaylı called “the longest century” of the Ottoman state (''İmparatorluğun En Uzun Yüzyılı'', 1983). Biography Mehmed Namık was born in Constanti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilam, Iran
Ilam (; ) is a Kurds, Kurdish city in the Central District (Ilam County), Central District of Ilam County, Ilam province, Ilam province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. The Kabir Kuh mountain range lies east of the city. To the west, it borders Iraq. Demographics Language Language composition: Population At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 155,289 in 34,549 households. The following census in 2011 counted 172,213 people in 42,613 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 194,030 people in 53,581 households. Climate Ilam is situated in the cold mountainous region of Iran at a height of above mean sea level. It is located in the west of Iran at a latitude of 33° 38´ north and longitude of 46° 26´ east. Although this city is surrounded by mountains, its climate is also affected by deserts from the west and the south. This region presents a highly variable annual weath ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Darneh, Kermanshah
Darneh () is a village in Dasht-e Hor Rural District, in the Central District of Salas-e Babajani County, Kermanshah Province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort .... At the 2006 census, its population was 27, in 6 families. Notable people * Khana Qubadi References Populated places in Salas-e Babajani County {{SalasBabajani-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bayat (tribe)
Bayat (; ; ; ) is one of the Oghuz tribes in Turkmenistan, Iran, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Syria.: ''Bayāt was one of the twenty-two Oghuz tribes listed in Maḥmūd Kāšḡarī's'' When Oghuz Turks started to migrate from the Aral steppes to Khorasan in the 11th and 13th centuries, Bayat people spread throughout the region.R. Khanam. Encyclopaedic ethnography of Middle-East and Central Asia: J-O, том 2. Стр. 126—127 They are sub-ethnic groups of Turkmens and Azerbaijanis. The Bayats are Muslim and speak a southern dialect of Azerbaijani language in Azerbaijan and Iran, or their own dialect of Turkish in Turkey, and Ersari dialect of Turkmen in Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The ancient Turkmen proverb says: " Kayi and Bayat tribes shall lead the people" ( Turkmen: "''Il başy - gaýy-baýat''"). Etymology and origin Initially, the ethnonym Bayat was mentioned as an Oguz tribe in the 11th century by the Turkic historian Mahmud Kashgari. Bayat - an O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samawah
Samawah or As-Samawah () is a city in Iraq, 280 kilometres (174 mi) southeast of Baghdad. The city of Samawah is the modern capital of the Al Muthanna Governorate. The city is located midway between Baghdad and Basra, at the northern edge of the governorate. The province was established in 1975; prior to that date it was a unified province along with Qadissiya (Diwaniya) and Najaf. History and attractions Early history The city was settled by the Arab tribe of Banu Quda'a around the 3rd century AD. It is built on both sides of the Euphrates river; there are four bridges in the centre of town for crossing between the two sides. The west bank of the city contains the commercial heart of the city, and includes the old town and the Jewish quarter, ''agd al yahood''. The west bank is the site of the covered market '' Suq Al Masgoof'', which dates to the Ottoman period. The area surrounding the market is the old city with its Byzantine maze of crowded markets and streets. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rizhaw
Rizhaw () is a city in the Central District of Dalahu County, Kermanshah province, Iran, serving as the administrative center for Ban Zardeh Rural District. Rizhaw is in an agricultural and tourist area due to its picturesque nature. Etymology The Kurdish Kurdish may refer to: *Kurds or Kurdish people *Kurdish language ** Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji) **Central Kurdish (Sorani) **Southern Kurdish ** Laki Kurdish *Kurdish alphabets *Kurdistan, the land of the Kurdish people which includes: **Southern ... word of Rijaw is a literal term meaning "water drop." History In 2013, the village of Shahrak-e Rijab merged with the villages of Baba Jani-ye Abd ol Mohammad, Baba Jani-ye Shah Morad, Banmazaran, Darabi, and Shalan and was elevated to city status as Rizhaw. Demographics Population At the time of the 2006 National Census, Shahrak-e Rijab's population was 800 in 170 households, when it was a village in Ban Zardeh Rural District. The following census in 2011 counted 881 p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qaradagh District
The Qaradagh District (; ) is a district of Sulaymaniyah Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The district is populated by Kurds Kurds (), or the Kurdish people, are an Iranian peoples, Iranic ethnic group from West Asia. They are indigenous to Kurdistan, which is a geographic region spanning southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Iraq, and northeastern Syri .... Its main town is Qaradagh. Kurdistan Region Statistics Office. Retrieved 25 October 2017. References Districts of Sulaymaniyah Province[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jalawla
Jalawla (, also known as Jalula) is a town in Diyala Governorate, Iraq. It is located on the Diyala River, north of Sadiyah. The town is populated by Arabs, Kurds and Turkmens. It experienced significant Arabization during the Saddam era. The town had a Kurdish majority prior to the Arabization. Name Folk etymology derives the name ''Jalūlāʾ'' from the phrase ''jalūlulā'' (جلولولاء), which was supposedly said by the Muslim soldiers at the Battle of Jalula. Under the Ottoman Empire, the town was known as Qarah Ghān, which literally means "black blood" in Turkish; alternatively, according to Khadir Abbas, the name could be a reference to a grove of trees surrounding the town. The name went back to ''Jalūlāʾ'' in 1940, after a suggestion by the military historian Muhammad Durrah which was taken up by the government. History Early history Under the Sasanian Empire, Jalawla was the center of a subdistrict of the province of Šāḏ Qobāḏ, located in the e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al Diwaniyah
Al Diwaniyah ( ''ad-Dīwānīyah''), also spelt Diwaniya, is the capital city of Iraq's Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate. In 2014 the population was estimated at 700,000. Overview The area around Al Diwaniyah, which is well irrigated from the nearby Euphrates river, is often considered to be one on the most fertile parts of Iraq, and is heavily cultivated. The town is located on the main rail transport corridor between Baghdad and Basra in south-central Iraq. For birdwatchers, Al-Diwaniyah is a city with a rich bird list, as the city has a wide range of biodiversity. Al-Qadisiyah consists of vast agricultural areas, wetlands, arid zones, and semi-desert areas. The city is the site of a tire manufacturing plant that once provided tires for much of Iraq. The plant is still active as of 2008. Al-Diwaniyah is the headquarters of the Iraqi Army's 8th Division. Climate Al Diwaniyah has a hot desert climate The desert climate or arid climate (in the Köppen climate classification '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesopotamian Marshes
The Mesopotamian Marshes, also known as the Iraqi Marshes, are a wetland area located in southern Iraq and southwestern Iran as well as partially in northern Kuwait. The marshes are primarily located on the floodplains of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers bound by the cities of Basra, Nasiriyah, Amarah and a portion of southwestern Iran and northern Kuwait (particularly Bubiyan Island). Historically the marshlands, mainly composed of the separate but adjacent Central Marshes, Central, Hawizeh Marshes, Hawizeh and Hammar Marshes, used to be the largest wetland ecosystem of western Eurasia. The unique wetland landscape is home to the Marsh Arabs, Marsh people, who have developed a unique culture tightly coupled to the landscape – harvesting reeds and rice, fishing, and herding water buffalo. Draining of portions of the marshes began in the 1950s and continued through the 1970s to reclaim land for agriculture and oil exploration. In the late 1980s and 1990s, during the presidency of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kifri
Kifri (; ; ) is the central town of Kifri District in Diyala Governorate, Iraq. It has a mixed population of Arabs, Kurds and Turkmen. It is under de facto administration by Kurdistan Region, but remains a disputed area claimed by the central government. History Kifri was known to have oil as early as the 1820s. James Buckingham visited Kifri in the 1820s. He described the town as clean and moderately large, estimating its population at 3,000. Buckingham also described the town as having furnished bazaars with excellent fruit, especially melons and grapes. Kifri had a cookshop selling kebabs, roast meat and sausages, and one coffee-house. Kifri, which was also known as Salahiye during the Ottoman era, was part of the Ottoman Empire until the United Kingdom captured the town in April 1918 during the Mesopotamian campaign. During the capture, 565 Ottoman prisoners and one mountain gun were captured. The local Kurds were supportive of the British and were described as very h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
