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Evitative
The aversive or evitative case (abbreviated ) is a grammatical case found in Australian Aboriginal languages that indicates that the marked noun is avoided or feared. Usage For example, in Walmajarri: The suffix ''-karrarla'' indicates that the action (running away) was carried out in order to avoid the dust storm, ''tjurtu-''. The aversive may also be used to mark the object of verbs of fearing. For example, in Djabugay: The aversive may be used on a nominalized verb, to produce an equivalent of English "lest". For example, "lest they be forgotten" could be encoded as "to avoid forgetting them". Languages Few languages have a distinct aversive case. Usually, a single case will be used both for the aversive and other functions. Languages with a distinct aversive case include: *Arrernte *Djabugay * Gumbaynggir *Marri Ngarr * Marrithiyel *Walmajarri *Warlmanpa *Warlpiri *Warumungu *the Western Desert Language * Yidinj References * {{Grammatical cases Australian Aborig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Glossing Abbreviations
This article lists common abbreviations for grammatical terms that are used in linguistic interlinear glossing of oral languages in English. The list provides conventional glosses as established by standard inventories of glossing abbreviations such as the Leipzig Glossing rules, the most widely known standard. These will generally be the glosses used on Wikipedia. Synonymous glosses are listed as alternatives for reference purposes. In a few cases, long and short standard forms are listed, intended for texts where that gloss is rare or common. Conventions * Grammatical abbreviations are generally written in full or small caps to visually distinguish them from the translations of lexical words. For instance, capital or small-cap (frequently abbreviated to ) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with that meaning. Similarly, (small) cap might be a locative suffix used in nominal inflections, prototypically ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marri Ngarr Language
The Maringarr language (Marri Ngarr, Marenggar, Maringa) is a moribund Australian Aboriginal language spoken along the northwest coast of the Northern Territory. Marti Ke (Magati Ke, Matige, Magadige, Mati Ke, also Magati-ge, Magati Gair) lies in the same language category. It is or was spoken by the Mati Ke people. it is included in a language revival project which aims to preserve critically endangered languages. Geographic distribution The language has been spoken in the Northern Territory, Wadeye, along Timor Sea, coast south from Moyle River estuary to Port Keats, southwest of Darwin. Current status According to the Language Database, as of 2005 Mati Ke language had a population of three (Patrick Nudjulu, Johnny Chula, Agatha Perdjert). Mati Ke speakers have primarily switched to use of English and the flourishing Aboriginal language Murrinh-Patha. The ethnic population is about 100, and there are 50 second language users. As the language is almost non-existent to da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted letters patent by Henry VIII of England, King Henry VIII in 1534, it is the oldest university press in the world. It is also the King's Printer. Cambridge University Press is a department of the University of Cambridge and is both an academic and educational publisher. It became part of Cambridge University Press & Assessment, following a merger with Cambridge Assessment in 2021. With a global sales presence, publishing hubs, and offices in more than 40 Country, countries, it publishes over 50,000 titles by authors from over 100 countries. Its publishing includes more than 380 academic journals, monographs, reference works, school and university textbooks, and English language teaching and learning publications. It also publishes Bibles, runs a bookshop in Cambridge, sells through Amazon, and has a conference venues business in Cambridge at the Pitt Building and the Sir Geoffrey Cass Spo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yidiny Language
Yidiny (also spelled Yidiɲ, Yidiñ, Jidinj, Jidinʲ, Yidinʸ, Yidiń ) is a nearly extinct Australian Aboriginal language, spoken by the Yidinji people of north-east Queensland. Its traditional language region is within the local government areas of Cairns Region and Tablelands Region, in such localities as Cairns, Gordonvale, and the Mulgrave River, and the southern part of the Atherton Tableland including Atherton and Kairi. Classification Yidiny forms a separate branch of Pama–Nyungan. It is sometimes grouped with Djabugay as Yidinyic, but Bowern (2011) retains Djabugay in its traditional place within the Paman languages. Phonology Vowels Yidiny has the typical Australian vowel system of /a, i, u/. Yidiny also displays contrastive vowel length. Consonants Yidiny consonants, with no underlyingly voiceless consonants, are posited. Dixon (1977) gives the two rhotics as a "trilled apical rhotic" and a "retroflex continuant". Grammar The Yidiny language has a num ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warumungu Language
The Warumungu (or ''Warramunga'') language is spoken by the Warumungu people in Australia's Northern Territory. In addition to spoken language, the Warumungu have a highly developed sign language. Classification The Warumungu language is a Pama–Nyungan language similar to the Warlpiri language spoken by the Warlpiri people. History In the 1870s, early white explorers described the Warumungu as a flourishing nation.The Warumungu: ''The Land is Always Alive'' Retrieved 23 December 2008 However, by 1915, invasion and reprisal had brought them to the brink of . [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warlpiri Language
The Warlpiri ( or ) ( wbp, Warlpiri > waɭbɪ̆ˌɻi language is spoken by about 3,000 of the Warlpiri people from the Tanami Desert, northwest of Alice Springs, Central Australia. It is one of the Ngarrkic languages of the large Pama–Nyungan family and is one of the largest Aboriginal languages in Australia in terms of number of speakers. One of the most well-known terms for The Dreaming (an Aboriginal spiritual belief), ''Jukurrpa'', derives from Warlpiri. Warnayaka (Wanayaga, Woneiga), Wawulya (Ngardilpa), and Ngalia are regarded as probable dialects of Warlpiri on the AUSTLANG database, although with potentially no data; while Ngardilypa is confirmed. Phonology In the following tables of the Warlpiri sound system, symbols in boldface give the practical alphabet used by the Warlpiri community. Phonemic values in IPA are shown in /slashes/ and phonetic values in quare brackets Vowels Warlpiri has a standard three-vowel system, similar to that of Class ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warlmanpa Language
Warlmanpa (also Walmala) is a nearly extinct Australian Aboriginal language. The Warlmanpa have a highly developed sign language. Phonology Warlmanpa consonant inventoryNash, David. “A Preliminary Vocabulary of the Warlmanpa Language.” Word list and grammatical sketch. Cambridge, MA, 1979. Warlmanpa vowel inventory External links * Paradisec The Pacific and Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC) is a cross-institutional project that supports work on endangered languages and cultures of the Pacific and the region around Australia. They digitise reel- ... haa collection that include Warlmanpa language materials References Ngarrkic languages Endangered indigenous Australian languages in the Northern Territory {{Ia-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marrithiyel Language
Marrithiyel (Marithiel, also Maridhiel, Maridhiyel), also known as Berringen (Bringen, Brinken), is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Marrithiyal people. Dialects besides Marrithiyel proper are Nganygit, Marri Amu (Marriammu, Mare-Ammu), Maridjabin (Maredyerbin, Maretyabin, Maridyerbin, Maritjabin), Marridan (Meradan), Marramanindjdji (Marramaninydyi, Marimanindji), and Mariyedi. The Marri Amu dialect is part of a language revival project to save critically endangered languages. , Marri Amu is one of 20 languages prioritised as part of the Priority Languages Support Project, being undertaken by First Languages Australia and funded by the Department of Communications and the Arts The Australian Department of Communications and the Arts was a department of the Government of Australia charged with responsibility for communications policy and programs and cultural affairs. In December 2019, prime minister Scott Morrison .... The project aims to "identify and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gumbaynggir Language
Gumbaynggir language (also spelled Gumbaingari, Kumbainggar, Kumbaingeri, Gambalamam, and also called Baanbay) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Gumbaynggirr, who are native to the Mid North Coast of New South Wales. Gumbaynggir is the only surviving language in the Gumbaynggiric family of Pama–Nyungan stock. It has a binary way of counting numbers. Phonology Vowels Consonants Voiced stops may also be realised as voiceless sounds , k, c, t when occurring in intervocalic positions. Revitalization Organised revitalisation of Gumbaynggir has been underway since 1986 when Muurrbay Aboriginal Language and Culture Co-operative was founded at Nambucca Heads. Classes in Gumbaynggir are taught through the North Coast Institute of TAFE up to Certificate II level. Muurrbay and Many Rivers Aboriginal Language Centre (MRALC) supports Aboriginal language revitalization through activities that include: - Providing access to linguistic expertise, and training for Abor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Case (grammar)
A grammatical case is a category of nouns and noun modifiers ( determiners, adjectives, participles, and numerals), which corresponds to one or more potential grammatical functions for a nominal group in a wording. In various languages, nominal groups consisting of a noun and its modifiers belong to one of a few such categories. For instance, in English, one says ''I see them'' and ''they see me'': the nominative pronouns ''I/they'' represent the perceiver and the accusative pronouns ''me/them'' represent the phenomenon perceived. Here, nominative and accusative are cases, that is, categories of pronouns corresponding to the functions they have in representation. English has largely lost its inflected case system but personal pronouns still have three cases, which are simplified forms of the nominative, accusative and genitive cases. They are used with personal pronouns: subjective case (I, you, he, she, it, we, they, who, whoever), objective case (me, you, him, her, it, us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arrernte Language
Arrernte or Aranda (; ) or sometimes referred to as Upper Arrernte (Upper Aranda), is a dialect cluster in the Arandic language group spoken in parts of the Northern Territory, Australia, by the Arrernte people. Other spelling variations are Arunta or Arrarnta, and all of the dialects have multiple other names. There are about 1,800 speakers of Eastern/Central Arrernte, making this dialect one of the widest spoken of any Indigenous language in Australia, the one usually referred to as Arrernte and the one described in detail below. It is spoken in the Alice Springs area and taught in schools and universities, heard in media and used in local government. The second biggest dialect in the group is Alyawarre. Some of the other dialects are spoken by very few people, leading to efforts to Language revitalization, revive their usage; others are now completely extinct languages, extinct. Arrernte/Aranda dialects "Aranda" is a simplified, Australian English approximation of the tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
