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Euornithes
Euornithes (from Greek ' meaning "true birds") is a natural group which includes the most recent common ancestor of all avialans closer to modern birds than to the enantiornithines. This group was defined in the ''PhyloCode'' by Juan Benito and colleagues in 2022 as "the largest clade containing '' Vultur gryphus'', but not '' Enantiornis leali'' and '' Cathayornis yandica''". Description Clarke ''et al''. (2006) found that the most primitive known euornithians (the Yanornithiformes) had a mosaic of advanced and primitive features. These species retained primitive features like gastralia and a pubic symphysis. They also showed the first fully modern pygostyles, and the type specimen of '' Yixianornis'' (IVPP 13631) preserves eight elongated rectrices (tail feathers) in a modern arrangement. No earlier pygostylians are known which preserve a fan of tail feathers of this sort; instead, they showed only paired plumes or a tuft of short feathers. Classification The name Euorn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gansuidae
Gansuidae is an extinct family of euornithean birds known from the Early Cretaceous of China and possibly the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. History and taxonomy The Gansuidae was originally established as a monotypic family by Hou & Liu in their 1984 description of their new genus ''Gansus'' from the Xiagou Formation. Their characterization for this clade included shorebirds with slender toes, a long digit IV, and a laterally compressed tarsometatarsus shorter than the third and fourth digits. A second ''Gansus'' species, ''G. zheni'', was described in 2014 from the Jiufotang Formation. The clade received little attention in the following years, with most analyses failing to recover a substantial clade of taxa besides ''Gansus'' spp. However, the 2024 description of the genus ''Shuilingornis''—also from the Jiufotang Formation—shed light on the relationships of several euornithean birds, with several taxa clustering in a monophyletic clade. Besides ''Gansus'' (the type genu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaoyangia
''Chaoyangia'' is an extinct genus of euornithean birds, containing the single species ''Chaoyangia beishanensis''. This species is known from a single fossil specimen consisting of a partial skeleton including vertebra, ribs, hips, and upper legs. The specimen (museum catalog number IVPP V9934) was discovered in the Jiufotang Formation near the city of Chaoyang in Liaoning province, China. This rock formation has been dated to the Aptian age of the Early Cretaceous period, 120 million years ago. Description ''C. beishanensis'', known only from a single partial skeleton, is relatively poorly known compared to other primitive euornitheans. ''Chaoyangia'' were small, basal euornithean birds characterized by more than eight fused sacral vertebrae (those connected to the hips), uniquely long, slender, and angled uncinate processes on the ribs, and a distinct 'neck' in the upper leg bone (femur). Overall, the known skeleton is very similar to another primitive Chinese euornithean bir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meemannavis
''Meemannavis'' (meaning " Meemann’s bird") is a genus of ornithuromorph dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) Xiagou Formation of Gansu Province, China. The genus contains a single species, ''Meemannavis ductrix'', known from a partial skeleton including an incomplete skull and cervical and thoracic vertebrae. The lower jaw and tip of the upper jaw of the ''Meemannavis'' holotype are toothless, but it may have had teeth nearer the back of the upper jaw. Naming The generic name, "''Meemannavis''," combines a reference to Meemann Chang, a Chinese paleontologist, with the Latin "avis," meaning "bird." The specific name, "''ductrix''," is derived from the Latin "ductor," meaning "leader," in reference to Chang's position as the first female director of the IVPP The Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP; ) of China is a research institution and collections repository for fossils, including many dinosaur and pterosaur specimens (many from the Yi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eogranivora
''Eogranivora'' is a bird genus, belonging to the Ornithuromorpha, that lived in the area of present-day China during the Early Cretaceous. Its type species is ''Eogranivora edentulata''.Zheng X., O’Connor J.K., Wang X., Wang Y., Zhou Z. 2018. "Reinterpretation of a previously described Jehol bird clarifies early trophic evolution in the Ornithuromorpha". ''Proceedings of the Royal Society B'' 285: 20172494 In 2011, a bird fossil, specimen STM35-3 found at Dawangzhangzi, was referred to '' Hongshanornis''.Zheng X-T., Martin L.D., Zhou Z-H., Burnham D.A., Zhang F-C., Miao D. 2011 "Fossil evidence of avian crops from the Early Cretaceous of China". ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. USA'' 108: 15 904–15 907 Subsequently, that genus was proven to possess teeth, while STM35-3 is toothless. Additional research showed that the latter represented a species new to science. In 2018, the type species ''Eogranivora edentulata'' was named and described by Zheng Xiaoting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhongjianornis
''Zhongjianornis'' is a genus of beaked, pigeon-sized birds from the early Cretaceous period of China. It is known from one fossil found at Jianchang, Liaoning Province, in rocks of the Jiufotang Formation, representing the type species ''Zhongjianornis yangi''. The holotype specimen is in the collection of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing Beijing, Chinese postal romanization, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital city of China. With more than 22 million residents, it is the world's List of national capitals by population, most populous national capital city as well as ..., and the species ''Z. yangi'' is named for the IVPP's founder, Yang Zhongjian.Li, D., Sulliven, C., Zhou, Z. and Zhang, Z. (2010). "Basal birds from China: a brief review." ''Chinese Birds'', 1(2): 83-96 This specimen is catalogued under the accession number IVPP V15900. It consists of a complete skeleton, possibly only missing a few tail vertebrae. His ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brevidentavis
''Brevidentavis'' (meaning "short-toothed bird") is a genus of ornithuromorph dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) Xiagou Formation of Gansu Province, China. The genus contains a single species, ''Brevidentavis zhangi'', known from a specimen including a partial skull and cervical vertebrae. The ''Brevidentavis'' holotype shows unusually blunt teeth in its lower jaw, which the describing authors suggest may indicate a specialized diet. Its dentition shows similarities with those of hesperornitheans, and indeed it may be an early member of that group. Etymology The generic name, "''Brevidentavis''", combines the Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ... "brevis," meaning "short," "dent," meaning "tooth," and "avis," meaning "bird." The specific name, "''zha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeorhynchus
''Archaeorhynchus'' (meaning "ancient snout") is a genus of beaked avialans from the early Cretaceous period. A fossil of its only known species, ''Archaeorhynchus spathula'', was first reported in 2005 by Zhou & Zhang to have been found in Yixian Formation rocks at Yixian, Liaoning province, China, showing a well-preserved and essentially complete skeleton. Two more complete specimens were found in Lower Cretaceous deposits of Jianchang, Liaoning, northeastern China, preserving new anatomical information. These deposits are 120 million years old, whereas the original specimen was 125 million years old, meaning the age range for this species is 125-120Ma. ''Archaeorhychus'' is one of the earliest avialans known to have had a beak, and represents one of the most basal ornithuromorph avialans. The fossils preserved feathers associated with the neck, head and tail regions. The fossils also show grooves and openings/ holes (foramina) on the tips of the upper and lower jaws, suggesti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juehuaornis
''Juehuaornis'' is an extinct genus of ornithuromorph dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous of present-day China. It contains a single species, ''J. zhangi''. Discovery and naming The holotype, SJG 00001, was found near Lingyuan in a layer of the Jiufotang Formation dating from the Aptian. It consists of an almost complete and associated skeleton with skull, compressed on a plate. It preserves feather remains. The counterplate was designated as the paratype with inventory number SJG 00001A. In 2015 the type species ''Juehuaornis zhangi'' was named and described by Wang Ren-fe, Wang Yan and Hu Dongyu. The generic name combines a reference to the island of Juehua, the "''Chrysanthemum'' Island" off the coast of Liaoning, with a Greek ὄρνις, ''ornis'', "bird". The specific name Specific name may refer to: * in Database management systems, a system-assigned name that is unique within a particular database In taxonomy, either of these two meanings, each with its own set of rules ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yanornithiformes
Yanornithiformes is an order of ornithuromorph dinosaurs from the early Cretaceous Period of China. All known specimens come from the Yixian Formation and Jiufotang Formation, dating to the early Aptian The Aptian is an age (geology), age in the geologic timescale or a stage (stratigraphy), stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous, Early or Lower Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or series (stratigraphy), S ... age, 124.6 to 120 million years ago. The family Songlingornithidae was first named by Hou in 1997 to contain the type genus, '' Songlingornis''.Hou, (1997). ''Mesozoic Birds of China''. Taiwan Provincial Feng Huang Ku Bird Park. Taiwan: Nan Tou. 228 pp. Clarke et al. (2006) was first to find a close relationship between ''Songlingornis'' and the "yanornithids", which had been previously named to contain the similar species ''Yanornis'' and ''Yixianornis''. At least one study has found '' Hollanda'' from the Late Cretaceous of Mong ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schizoouridae
Schizoouridae is an extinct family of euornithean theropods that lived in what is now China during the Early Cretaceous. It was named in 2019 by Wang and colleagues, and contains all taxa more closely related to '' Mengciusornis dentatus'' and '' Schizooura lii'' than to '' Bellulornis'' or '' Jianchangornis microdonta''. Members of the family possessed several features that are rarely found in euornitheans, but are more typical of enantiornitheans and more basal groups. These include a robust furcula with a prominent hypocleidium, and (in ''Mengciusornis'') teeth at the tip of the premaxilla The premaxilla (or praemaxilla) is one of a pair of small cranial bones at the very tip of the upper jaw of many animals, usually, but not always, bearing teeth. In humans, they are fused with the maxilla. The "premaxilla" of therian mammals h .... Classification The cladogram below follows Wang ''et al.'' (2019): References Euornithes Dinosaur families Early Cretaceous d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bellulornis
''Bellulornis'' ("beautiful bird") is an extinct genus of ornithuromorph avialan. It is known from a complete postcranial skeleton lacking the skull which was unearthed from the rocks of the Early Cretaceous-aged Jiufotang Formation in Liaoning Province, China. It was originally given the genus name ''Bellulia'', meaning "beautiful", in reference to the fact that the skeleton was preserved in a pose reminiscent of a dancer. However, it was discovered after publication that the genus ''Bellulia'' was preoccupied by an extant moth. The authors then amended the name to ''Bellulornis'', adding the Ancient Greek Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek ... suffix meaning "bird". References Euornithes Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia Jiufotang fauna Fossil taxa describ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yumenornis
''Yumenornis'' is an extinct genus of basal ornithuromorph dinosaurs known from the Early Cretaceous Xiagou Formation of Changma Basin, Gansu Province of northwestern China. ''Yumenornis'' was first named by Ya-Ming Wang, Jingmai O'Connor, Da-Qing Li and Hai-Lu You in 2013 and the type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ... is ''Yumenornis huangi''. References Euornithes Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia Paleontology in Gansu Fossil taxa described in 2013 {{Paleo-bird-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
