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Euglossine
The tribe Euglossini, in the subfamily Apinae, commonly known as orchid bees or euglossine bees, are the only group of corbiculate bees whose non-parasitic members do not all possess eusocial behavior. Description, distribution, and behavior Most of the tribe's species are solitary, though a few are communal, or exhibit simple forms of eusociality. There are about 200 described species, distributed in five genera: ''Euglossa'', ''Eulaema'', ''Eufriesea'', '' Exaerete'' and the monotypic ''Aglae''. All species occur in South or Central America, though one species, ''Euglossa dilemma'', has become established in Florida in the United States, and species of ''Eulaema'' and ''Eufriesea'' have been reported from Arizona and Texas, respectively. The genera ''Exaerete'' and ''Aglae'' are kleptoparasites in the nests of other orchid bees. All except ''Eulaema'' are characterized by brilliant metallic coloration, primarily green, gold, and blue. Females gather pollen and nectar as fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eulaema
''Eulaema'' is a genus of large-bodied euglossine bees that occur primarily in the Neotropics. They are robust brown or black bees, hairy or velvety, and often striped with yellow or orange, typically resembling bumblebees. They lack metallic coloration as occurs in the related genus '' Eufriesea''. Distribution ''Eulaema'' is found from Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), Misiones (Argentina) and Paraguay to northern Mexico with occasional strays into the United States. Behavior Like other euglossine bees, male ''Eulaema'' gather and store scents to attract females. Scientists use different mixes of scents to study these bees, including eugenol, cineole, vanillin, skatole and methyl salicylate Methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen or wintergreen oil) is an organic compound with the formula C8H8O3. It is the methyl ester of salicylic acid. It is a colorless, viscous liquid with a sweet, fruity odor reminiscent of root beer (in which it .... However, this list is not exhaustive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eufriesea
''Eufriesea'' is a genus of Euglossini, euglossine bees. Like all orchid bees, they are restricted to the Neotropics. All species range from entirely to at least partially metallic (the face and/or tegulae), though much of the body in some species may be brown/black in color and hairy. Distribution ''Eufriesea'' have been found from Texas to central Argentina.Gonzalez VH, Griswold T, Simões M (2017) On the identity of the adventive species of ''Eufriesea'' Cockerell in the USA: systematics and potential distribution of the ''coerulescens'' species group (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 55: 55-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.55.12209 ''E. purpurata'' At least one species in this genus, ''Eufriesea purpurata'' from Brazil, has been shown to deliberately collect large quantities of the insecticide DDT without any apparent adverse effects. Individual bees were observed to collect as much as 2 mg, which is equivalent to several percent of the bee's weigh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exaerete
''Exaerete'' is a genus of euglossine bees found from Mexico to northern Argentina. Like all orchid bees, they are restricted to the Neotropics. All but one species is metallic green, and they are cleptoparasites in the nests of other euglossines in the genera ''Eufriesea'' and ''Eulaema''. It contains the following species: * ''Exaerete azteca'' Moure, 1964 * '' Exaerete dentata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * '' Exaerete fallaciosa'' Engel, 2018 * ''Exaerete frontalis ''Exaerete frontalis'' is a kleptoparasite, kleptoparasitic species of euglossine bees. Description Behavior ''Exaerete frontalis'' is a kleptoparasitic species. Females do not build own nests but lay their egg in nests of other large euglos ...'' (Guérin-Méneville, 1845) * '' Exaerete kimseyae'' Oliviera, 2011 * '' Exaerete lepeletieri'' Oliviera & Nemesio, 2003 * '' Exaerete salsai'' Nemesio, 2011 * '' Exaerete smaragdina'' (Guérin-Méneville, 1845) * '' Exaerete tricosa'' Engel & Bembé, 2020 * '' Exaerete troch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanhopeinae
Stanhopeinae is a subtribe of plants in the tribe Cymbidieae. The subtribe in the strict sense, have viscidia and stipes that are thin and strap-like, they are adapted for attachment to edge of the bee's scutellum or to a leg. Pseudobulbs are usually ribbed/four-angled or flattened. Leaves are generally thicker than Coeliopsidinae. Roots are smooth, without prominent root hairs. The column foot is lacking or not distinct. Unpollinated flowers quickly abscise and fall from the inflorescence, unlike members of Coeliopsidinae which include ''Coeliopsis'', ''Lycomormium'', and ''Peristeria (plant), Peristeria''. Stanhopeinae and Coeliopsidinae are now considered closely related sister subtribes. Within Stanhopeinae the members can be further grouped in six clades based on morphological traits and molecular analysis. *''Braemia'' Clade: ''Braemia'' *''Gongora'' Clade: ''Cirrhaea'' & ''Gongora'' *''Acineta'' Clade: ''Acineta'', ''Lacaena'', ''Lueddemannia'' & ''Vasqueziella'' *''Polycy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catasetinae
Catasetinae is a subtribe within the Orchidaceae and contains 8 genera.Batista, J.A.N., A.C.M. Mota, K. Proite, L.D.B. Bianchetti, G.A. Romero-González, H.M.H. Espinoza, and G.A. Salazar. 2014Molecular phylogenetics of Neotropical ''Cyanaeorchis'' (Cymbidieaee, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae): geographical rather than morphological similarities plus a new species.''Phytotaxa'', 156(5): 251-272. Its members are widespread in lowland tropical Central and South America up to 1,500 meters. They are found on trees, stumps or old fence posts. Catasetinae are exclusively pollinated by male euglossine bees, which are attracted to the floral fragrances, and collect them. A particular Catasetinae species may attract only one or a few species of bees from the dozens that occur in the habitat.Williams & Whitten 1983 Genera * ''Catasetum'' (80–120 species) * '' Clowesia'' (7 species) * '' Cyanaeorchis'' (3 species) * '' Cycnoches'' (some 30 species) * '' Dressleria'' (10 species) * ''Galean ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aglae
''Aglae'' is a genus of Euglossini, euglossine bees, with the only described species ''Aglae caerulea''. Like all orchid bees, it is restricted to the Neotropics. They are metallic blue. This species, like the genus ''Exaerete'', is a nest parasite on free-living Euglossini. ''A. caerulea'' lays its eggs in the nests of ''Eulaema nigrita'', and possibly other ''Eulaema'' species. Among other substances, males of this species are attracted by methyl cinnamate baits. Name The Ancient Greek, ''Αγλαιη'' means "beauty". The original 1825 publication describing the species spelled the epithet as "''cœrulea''" (for "blue"), which nearly all subsequent authors misspelled as ''caerulea'' rather than ''coerulea'', but under Article 33.3.1 of the ICZN, the ''caerulea'' spelling must be maintained.ICZN Code "33.3.1. when an incorrect subsequent spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dalechampia
''Dalechampia'' is a genus of plant of the family Euphorbiaceae and of the monogeneric subtribe Dalechampiinae. It is widespread across lowland tropical areas (generally below 2,000 m ASL) primarily in the Americas with smaller numbers of species in Africa, Madagascar, and southern Asia. Additional new species are still being described and several are very rare and at risk of extinction. ''Dalechampia'' has unisexual flowers that are secondarily united into bisexual blossoms (pseudanthia), which act as the pollination units. The pollination and floral evolution of this genus have been studied more intensively than perhaps any other member of the euphorbia family. In the neotropics (Americas), most species are pollinated by resin-collecting female bees, including euglossine bees and '' Hypanthidium'' of the Megachilidae, which use resin in nest construction. About a dozen neotropical species (including ''D. spathulata'', shown below) are pollinated by fragrance-collecting male ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euglossa Dilemma
''Euglossa dilemma'', the green orchid bee or dilemma orchid bee, is a species of solitary Euglossini, euglossine bee native to a broad area of Central America, and recently introduced to Florida in the United States. It was first detected in Broward County, Florida in 2003, and initially identified as ''Euglossa viridissima'', but further study revealed that ''E. viridissima'' as previously defined consisted of two Cryptic species complex, cryptic species, and the one present in Florida was new to science. Taxonomy ''Euglossa viridissima'' is a species of green orchid bee from Central America in which the males have two teeth on their mandibles. The very similar bee that was first observed in Florida in 2003 was found to have three such teeth. Sequencing data from a mitochondrion, mitochondrial gene was unable to separate ''E. viridissima'' and ''E. dilemma'', indicating they are closely related and form a clade within ''Euglossa''. However, Microsatellite, microsatellite allele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euglossa
''Euglossa'' is a genus of orchid bees (Euglossini). Like all their close relatives, they are native to the Neotropics; an introduced population exists in Florida. They are typically bright metallic blue, green, coppery, or golden. ''Euglossa intersecta'' (formerly known as ''E. brullei'') is morphologically and chromatically atypical for the genus, and resembles the related ''Eufriesea'' in a number of characters including coloration. Distribution ''Euglossa'' occurs naturally from Mexico to Paraguay, northern Argentina, western Brazil, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago, but one species (''Euglossa dilemma, E. dilemma'') has recently been introduced to Florida in the United States Species References Further reading * * Nemésio, A., (2007): Three new species of Euglossa Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Brazil. Zootaxa, vol. 1547, p. 21-31 * Roubik, D. W. (1989): ''Ecology and natural history of tropical bees''. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press. * Cameron, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyphomandra
''Cyphomandra'' was a formerly accepted genus in the plant family Solanaceae (the nightshades and relative). It used to contain about 35 species native to the Americas from Mexico southwards to Northern Argentina. Recent authors have treated ''Cyphomandra'' as a clade within the genus ''Solanum'' rather than as a separate genus, uniting the members of the old genus with some other ''Solanum''. This lineage is one among a group related to part of the traditional subgenus ''Leptostemonum''. Thus, if it is preferred to retain the taxon, ''Cyphomandra'' is probably best considered a section in ''Solanum'' subgenus ''Leptostemonum''. Most grow as shrubs or small trees 2 or 3 metres in height. The best known species is the widely cultivated Tamarillo or tree tomato, but a number of the others are also cultivated as garden plants because of their attractive flowers or fruits. Several other species (e.g. '' S. cajanumense, S. circinatum, S. sibundoyense'') also have fruits that ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gloxinia (genus)
''Gloxinia'' is a genus containing three species of tropical rhizomatous Herbaceous plant, herbs in the flowering plant family Gesneriaceae. The species are primarily found in the Andes of South America, but ''Gloxinia perennis'' is also found in Central America and the West Indies, where it has probably escaped from cultivation. ''Gloxinia perennis'' is the original (type) species of the genus, and for much of its history the genus consisted of only ''G. perennis'' and a very small number of other species. The classification of ''Gloxinia'' later changed reflect the 1976 classification of Hans Wiehler, who took a broader view of the genus. A recent analysis of ''Gloxinia'' and related genera based on molecular and morphological work has determined that Wiehler's circumscription of the genus was unnatural, both Phylogenetics, phylogenetically and Morphology (biology), morphologically. The analyses demonstrated that the genera ''Anodiscus'' and ''Koellikeria'', each with a single ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solanaceae
Solanaceae (), commonly known as the nightshades, is a family of flowering plants in the order Solanales. It contains approximately 2,700 species, several of which are used as agricultural crops, medicinal plants, and ornamental plants. Many members of the family have high alkaloid contents, making some highly toxic, but many—such as tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants, and peppers—are commonly used in food. Originating in South America, Solanaceae now inhabits every continent on Earth except Antarctica. After the K—Pg extinction event they rapidly diversified and have adapted to live in deserts, tundras, rainforests, plains, and highlands, and taken on wide range of forms including trees, vines, shrubs, and epiphytes. Nearly 80% of all nightshades are included in the subfamily Solanoideae, most of which are members of the type genus ''Solanum''. Most taxonomists recognize six other subfamilies: Cestroideae, Goetzeoideae, Nicotianoideae, Petunioideae, Schizanthoideae, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
