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Eosuchia
Eosuchians are an extinct order of diapsid reptiles. Depending on which taxa are included the order may have ranged from the late Carboniferous to the Eocene but the consensus is that eosuchians are confined to the Permian and Triassic. Eosuchia was initially defined to include all "thecodontian" reptiles which did not have an antorbital fenestra but did retain tabulars, postparietals and a large pineal foramen (Broom, 1914). Broom coined the term as a new suborder for ''Youngina''. A definition for inclusion in the order is difficult: it is almost easier to list the primitively-diapsid reptiles that have not been included at one time or another. The order has almost been treated as a dustbin for diapsids that are not obviously lepidosaurian or archosaurian. One consequence has been Romer's suggestion of the alternative order Younginiformes to be applied strictly to those forms with the primitive diapsid form, in particular, a complete lowermost arch as the quadratojugal and j ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kenyasaurus
''Kenyasaurus'' is an extinct genus of basal (phylogenetics), basal tangasaurid known from the Early Triassic geological timescale, period of Coast Province, southeastern Kenya. It contains a single species, ''Kenyasaurus mariakaniensis''. Discovery ''Kenyasaurus'' is known only from the holotype specimen, National Museums of Kenya, KNM-MA1, a well preserved and partially complete postcranial skeleton, lacking much of the neck, pectoral girdle and forelimb, which is hosted at the Kenya National Museum. It was found at the Mariakani locality which is located 25 miles from Mombasa, southeastern Kenya. It was collected from the upper part of the Maji ya Chumvi Beds (Maji-Ya-Chumvi Formation). These beds form the lower part of the Middle Duruma Sandstone Series (Duruma Group) and on the basis of lithological similarities with beds in Tanzania and Madagascar were dated to the Induan and Olenekian stages of the Early Triassic period, about 251.0-245 million years ago. This specimen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Youngina
''Youngina'' (named after John Young (1823–1900)) is an extinct genus of diapsid reptile from the Late Permian Beaufort Group ('' Tropidostoma''-'' Dicynodon'' zones) of the Karoo Red Beds of South Africa. This, and a few related forms, make up the family Younginidae, within the order Eosuchia (proposed by Broom in 1914). Eosuchia, having become a wastebasket taxon for many probably distantly-related primitive diapsid reptiles ranging from the Late Carboniferous to the Eocene, Romer proposed that it be replaced by Younginiformes (that included Younginidae and the Tangasauridae, ranging from the Permian to the Triassic). Taxonomy ''Youngina'' is known from several specimens. Many of these were attributed to as separate genera and species (such as ''Youngoides'' and ''Youngopsis''), but it was later realized that they were not distinct from ''Y. capensis''. The holotype specimen of ''Youngina'', discovered by Broom himself, was described briefly in 1914. The "''Youngoide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tangasaurus
''Tangasaurus'' is an extinct genus of aquatic animal, aquatic basal (phylogenetics), basal tangasaurid neodiapsid known from the Late Permian geological timescale, period (late Changhsingian stage) of Tanga Region, Tanga, northeastern Tanzania. It contains a single species, ''Tangasaurus mennelli''. Etymology ''Tangasaurus'' was first described and named by Sidney H. Haughton in 1924 in paleontology, 1924 and the type species is ''Tangasaurus mennelli''. The name of a biological genus, generic name is derived from the name of the Tanga Region in which the only known specimens were found, and Ancient Greek, Greek ''sauros'', meaning "lizard". The specific name (zoology), specific name honors F. P. Mennell, the geologist who reported and collected the specimens of ''Tangasaurus''. Discovery ''Tangasaurus'' is known only from three syntypes which represent two individuals. The small individual, which is well preserved in two specimens (Counter slab, part and counterpart) and is kno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tangasaurid
Tangasauridae is an extinct family of diapsids known from fossil specimens from Madagascar, Kenya and Tanzania that are Late Permian to Early Triassic in age. Fossils have been found of numerous specimens of common members of this family such as ''Hovasaurus'' in different stages of ontogenic development. Recent material from the Middle Sakamena Formation of the Morondava Basin of Madagascar that dates back to the early Triassic period suggests that the Tangasauridae were relatively unaffected by the Permian-Triassic extinction event. Description and phylogeny Tangasaurids are known to have been a highly derived group of diapsids. One subfamily, Kenyasaurinae, is composed of taxa that were fully terrestrial. They had long toes and highly developed sternums that made them well suited to life on land. On the other hand, the other subfamily, Tangasaurinae, is composed of taxa that were adapted to an aquatic life. They had webbed feet and a laterally compressed tails that allowed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Younginidae
Younginidae is an extinct family of diapsid reptiles from the Late Permian. In a phylogenetic context, younginids are near the base of the clade Neodiapsida. The only species definitively a member of the Younginidae is '' Youngina capensis'' from the Late Permian of South Africa. Several genera have historically been assigned to this family, though more recent phylogenetic analyses have supported relationships with other clades. '' Heleosuchus griesbachi'' from the Late Permian of South Africa may also be a member of the family. Younginidae was traditionally assigned to Eosuchia, an order containing an assemblage of basal diapsids now thought to represent an evolutionary grade rather than a true clade. In 1945 paleontologist Alfred Romer reclassified Younginidae within a new group, Younginiformes, grouping it with the families Tangasauridae and Prolacertidae. Romer considered Younginidae to include many genera that are no longer classified as younginids: '' Paliguana'', '' P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tangasauridae
Tangasauridae is an extinct family of diapsids known from fossil specimens from Madagascar, Kenya and Tanzania that are Late Permian to Early Triassic in age. Fossils have been found of numerous specimens of common members of this family such as '' Hovasaurus'' in different stages of ontogenic development. Recent material from the Middle Sakamena Formation of the Morondava Basin of Madagascar that dates back to the early Triassic period suggests that the Tangasauridae were relatively unaffected by the Permian-Triassic extinction event. Description and phylogeny Tangasaurids are known to have been a highly derived group of diapsids. One subfamily, Kenyasaurinae, is composed of taxa that were fully terrestrial. They had long toes and highly developed sternums that made them well suited to life on land. On the other hand, the other subfamily, Tangasaurinae, is composed of taxa that were adapted to an aquatic life. They had webbed feet and a laterally compressed tails that al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heleosuchus
''Heleosuchus'' is an extinct genus of diapsid reptile from the Late Permian of South Africa. It was originally described as a species of ''Saurosternon'' by Richard Owen. The type species is ''Saurosternon griesbachi''. The specific name honours Carl Ludolf Griesbach. It was later recognized as a separate genus by Robert Broom. At one time, the type specimen of ''Heleosuchus'' was thought to be lost. However, it remains at the Natural History Museum, Vienna, where it is numbered NHMW 2374, while the Natural History Museum (formerly British Museum (Natural History)) possesses a cast numbered R. 5000. Several other casts of NHMW 2374 are present in several other European institutions, among them a cast of higher fidelity to the original. While the type was thought to be lost, Susan E. Evans redescribed this taxon on the basis of an older mold which had been taken of the type specimen prior to its disappearance. When the specimen appeared in later years, a higher quality mold was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Younginiformes
Younginiformes is a group of diapsid reptiles known from the Permian-Triassic of Africa and Madagascar. It has been used as a replacement for " Eosuchia". Younginiformes (including '' Acerosodontosaurus'', '' Hovasaurus'', '' Kenyasaurus'', '' Tangasaurus'', '' Thadeosaurus'' and ''Youngina'') were historically suggested to be lepidosauromorphs, but are currently thought to be basal non- saurian neodiapsids. The group is sometimes divided into two families, Tangasauridae and Younginidae. The monophyly of the group is disputed. A 2009 study found them to be an unresolved polytomy at the base of Neodiapsida, while a 2011 study recovered the group as paraphyletic. A 2022 study recovered the Younginiformes as a monophyletic group of basal neodiapsid reptiles, also including '' Claudiosaurus'' and '' Saurosternon'' as part of the group. Some younginiforms like ''Hovasaurus'' and ''Acerosodontosaurus'' are thought to have had an amphibious lifestyle, while others like ''Kenyasaurus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Permian
The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years, from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.902 Mya. It is the sixth and last period of the Paleozoic Era; the following Triassic Period belongs to the Mesozoic Era. The concept of the Permian was introduced in 1841 by geologist Sir Roderick Murchison, who named it after the Perm Governorate, region of Perm in Russia. The Permian witnessed the diversification of the two groups of amniotes, the synapsids and the Sauropsida, sauropsids (reptiles). The world at the time was dominated by the supercontinent Pangaea, which had formed due to the collision of Euramerica and Gondwana during the Carboniferous. Pangaea was surrounded by the superocean Panthalassa. The Carboniferous rainforest collapse left behind vast regions of desert within the continental interior. Amniotes, which could better cope with these ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphodrosaurus
''Sphodrosaurus'' is an extinct genus of basal archosauriform reptiles from the Late Triassic-aged New Oxford Formation (not the Brunswick Formation as initially suggested) of Pennsylvania. The type species is ''S. pennsylvanicus'', described by Edwin Colbert in 1960. Colbert, E. H. (1960). A New Triassic Procolophonid from Pennsylvania. ''American Museum Novitates'' 2022:1-19 The holotype ( NMN, Franklin and Marshall College 2321; the cast is listed under AMNH 7601) consists of a partial skeleton including the back of the skull, the vertebral column, all of the ribs, all of the hindlimbs and part of the upper forelimbs; ''Sphodrosaurus'' was originally believed to have been a member of the Procolophonidae while more recently ''Sphodrosaurus'' was believed to be a basal member of the Diapsida by most authors starting with Sues ''et al.'' (1993), or a member of the Rhynchosauria Rhynchosaurs are a group of extinct herbivorous Triassic archosauromorph reptiles, belonging to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thadeosaurus
''Thadeosaurus'' is an extinct genus of diapsid reptiles from the late Permian Lower Sakamena Formation ( Sakamena Group) of Madagascar. The genus contains a single species, ''Thadeosaurus colcanapi'', known from several specimens preserved as natural molds. Discovery and naming The generic name, ''Thadeosaurus'', is an anagram of "'' Datheosaurus''", a synapsid genus to which fossils of the former were initially referred. The specific name, ''colcanapi'', honors J.-M. Colcanap, a French infantry captain and the discoverer of the holotype specimen. Description ''Thadeosaurus'' was a superficially lizard-like reptile, with a remarkably long tail that comprised about two-thirds of the animal's total length of . It had long toes, especially on the hind legs, and a strong breast bone. Classification The relationships of ''Thadeosaurus'' have been debated since its 1981 description. Prior to receiving a name, the fossil material was provisionally referred to '' Broomia'' (n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
