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Entoprocta
Entoprocta (), or Kamptozoa , is a phylum (biology), phylum of mostly Sessility (zoology), sessile aquatic animals, ranging from long. Mature individuals are goblet-shaped, on relatively long stalks. They have a "crown" of solid tentacles whose cilia generate water currents that filter feeder, draw food particles towards the mouth, and both the mouth and anus lie inside the "crown". The superficially similar Bryozoa (Ectoprocta) have the anus outside a "crown" of hollow tentacles. Most family (biology), families of entoprocts are colonial, and all but 2 of the 150 species are marine. A few solitary species can move slowly. Some species eject unfertilized ovum, ova into the water, while others keep their ova in brood chambers until they hatch, and some of these species use placenta-like organs to nourish the developing eggs. After hatching, the larvae swim for a short time and then settle on a surface. There they Metamorphosis, metamorphose, and the larval gut rotates by up ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bryozoa
Bryozoa (also known as the Polyzoa, Ectoprocta or commonly as moss animals) are a phylum of simple, aquatic animal, aquatic invertebrate animals, nearly all living in sedentary Colony (biology), colonies. Typically about long, they have a special feeding structure called a lophophore, a "crown" of tentacles used for filter feeder, filter feeding. Most Marine (ocean), marine bryozoans live in tropical waters, but a few are found in oceanic trenches and polar waters. The bryozoans are classified as the Stenolaemata, marine bryozoans (Stenolaemata), Phylactolaemata, freshwater bryozoans (Phylactolaemata), and Gymnolaemata, mostly-marine bryozoans (Gymnolaemata), a few members of which prefer brackish water. 5,869living species are known. Originally all of the crown group Bryozoa were colonial, but as an adaptation to a mesopsammal (interstitial spaces in marine sand) life or to deep-sea habitats, secondarily solitary forms have since evolved. Solitary species have been described i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barentsiidae
Barentsiidae is a family of Entoprocta Entoprocta (), or Kamptozoa , is a phylum (biology), phylum of mostly Sessility (zoology), sessile aquatic animals, ranging from long. Mature individuals are goblet-shaped, on relatively long stalks. They have a "crown" of solid tentacles whos ... belonging to the order Solitaria. Genera: * '' Barentsia'' Hincks, 1880 * '' Coriella'' Kluge, 1946 * '' Pedicellinopsis'' Hincks, 1884 * '' Pseudopedicellina'' Toriumi, 1951 * '' Urnatella'' Leidy, 1851 References * * {{Taxonbar, from=Q5265703 Entoprocta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loxokalypodidae
Loxokalypodidae is a family of Entoprocta Entoprocta (), or Kamptozoa , is a phylum (biology), phylum of mostly Sessility (zoology), sessile aquatic animals, ranging from long. Mature individuals are goblet-shaped, on relatively long stalks. They have a "crown" of solid tentacles whos ... belonging to the order Solitaria. Genera: * '' Loxokalypus'' Emschermann, 1972 References Entoprocta {{protostome-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedicellinidae
Pedicellinidae is a family of Entoprocta Entoprocta (), or Kamptozoa , is a phylum (biology), phylum of mostly Sessility (zoology), sessile aquatic animals, ranging from long. Mature individuals are goblet-shaped, on relatively long stalks. They have a "crown" of solid tentacles whos ... belonging to the order Solitaria. Genera: * '' Brachionis'' Pallas, 1774 * '' Crinomorpha'' van Beneden, 1844 * '' Loxosomatoides'' Annandale, 1908 * '' Myosoma'' Robertson, 1900 * '' Pedicellina'' Sars, 1835 * '' Sangavella'' Marcus, 1957 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q5264346 Entoprocta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loxosomatidae
Loxosomatidae is a family of Entoprocta belonging to the order Coloniales. Genera: * ''Loxocorone'' Iseto, 2002 * ''Loxomespilon'' Bobin & Prenant, 1953 * ''Loxomitra'' Nielsen, 1964 * ''Loxosoma'' Keferstein, 1862 * ''Loxosomella'' Mortensen, 1911 References {{Authority control Entoprocta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cotyledion
''Cotyledion tylodes'' is an extinct, stalked filter-feeder known from the Chengjiang lagerstatten. The living animal reached a couple of centimetres in height, and bore a loose scleritome of ovoid sclerites. Its interpretation has been controversial, but it is currently thought to be a member of the Entoprocta stem group. History of identification ''C. tylodes'' was initially tentatively classified as a stem group echinoderm in 1996, and then a lophophorate in 2002. Lophphorate affinities were challenged as based on taphonomic artifacts in a 2010 paper that suggested a cnidarian affinity based on cylyndrical symmetry as an ancestral body plan for that group. A more recent alternative proposal suggested a relationship with the Cambroernida, a group of early deuterostomes. However, a later comprehensive paper on cambroernids did not include ''Cotyledion''. A comprehensive 2013 study of around 400 new specimens provided stronger support for a lophophorate affinity, specific ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetraneuralia
Tetraneuralia is a proposed clade of spiralian bilaterians uniting the phyla Mollusca and Entoprocta. belonging to Lophotrochozoa that groups mollusks, entoprocts and the extinct family Cupithecidae. The clade is supported by several morphological similarities between the two and has turned out to be important for evolution of mollusks. It has been proposed by malacologists and zoologists when they observed that several morphological characteristics of entoprocts were clearly similar to those of mollusks. Both mollusks and entoprocts share a similar muscular system, the cuticle is the same in both, the hemolymph of the circulatory system is very similar, they have a tetraneuro nervous system with two pedal or ventral nerve cords. From this last characteristic the clade takes its name "tetraneuralia". Finally, entoprocts present similarities in the larval phases, they have a type of unique trochophore larva called "polyplacophora" and a complex larval apical organ.4 Molluscs are c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annelid
The annelids (), also known as the segmented worms, are animals that comprise the phylum Annelida (; ). The phylum contains over 22,000 extant species, including ragworms, earthworms, and leeches. The species exist in and have adapted to various ecologies – some in marine environments as distinct as tidal zones and hydrothermal vents, others in fresh water, and yet others in moist terrestrial environments. The annelids are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, coelomate, invertebrate organisms. They also have parapodia for locomotion. Most textbooks still use the traditional division into polychaetes (almost all marine), oligochaetes (which include earthworms) and leech-like species. Cladistic research since 1997 has radically changed this scheme, viewing leeches as a sub-group of oligochaetes and oligochaetes as a sub-group of polychaetes. In addition, the Pogonophora, Echiura and Sipuncula, previously regarded as separate phyla, are now regarded as sub-grou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trochozoa
The Trochozoa are a proposed Lophotrochozoa clade that is a sister clade of Bryozoa and Platyzoa. The clade would include animals in five phyla: the Nemertea, the Annelida, the Mollusca, and the two Brachiozoan phyla, Brachiopoda and Phoronida Phoronids ( taxonomic name Phoronida, sometimes called horseshoe worms) are a small phylum of marine animals that filter-feed with a lophophore (a "crown" of tentacles), and build upright tubes of chitin to support and protect their soft bodies .... Both annelids and molluscs have been suggested as the sister group of Brachiozoa. It has also been proposed that nemerteans are actually a clade of annelids. Phylogeny References {{Taxonbar, from=Q12401420 Lophotrochozoa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hinrich Nitsche
Hinrich Nitsche (14 February 1845, in Breslau – 8 November 1902, in Tharandt) was a German zoologist. He was a son-in-law to geographer Oscar Peschel (1826–1875). He studied zoology at the Universities of Heidelberg and Berlin, obtaining his doctorate at the latter institution in 1868. After graduation, he worked as an assistant to Rudolf Leuckart at the University of Leipzig. During the Franco-Prussian War, he served as a volunteer medical assistant. In 1875, he became an associate professor of zoology at Leipzig, and during the following year was appointed professor of zoology at the Royal Saxon Academy of Forestry in Tharandt. In 1869-70 he divided the phylum Bryozoa into two groups, Endoprocta and Ectoprocta, with the latter group of animals being characterized by having its anus outside of the crown of tentacles, as opposed to Endoprocta. Today the term "Ectoprocta" is considered to be synonymous with Bryozoa. The herpetological species Nitsche's bush viper (''Atheri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coelom
The coelom (or celom) is the main body cavity in many animals and is positioned inside the body to surround and contain the digestive tract and other organs. In some animals, it is lined with mesothelium. In other animals, such as molluscs, it remains undifferentiated. In the past, and for practical purposes, coelom characteristics have been used to classify bilaterian animal phyla into informal groups. Etymology The term ''coelom'' derives from the Ancient Greek word () 'cavity'. Structure Development The coelom is the mesodermally lined cavity between the gut and the outer body wall. During the development of the embryo, coelom formation begins in the gastrulation stage. The developing digestive tube of an embryo forms as a blind pouch called the archenteron. In protostomes, the coelom forms by a process known as schizocoely. The archenteron initially forms, and the mesoderm splits into two layers: the first attaches to the body wall or ectoderm, forming ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
