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Engine Cycle
A Carnot cycle is an ideal thermodynamic cycle proposed by French physicist Sadi Carnot in 1824 and expanded upon by others in the 1830s and 1840s. By Carnot's theorem, it provides an upper limit on the efficiency of any classical thermodynamic engine during the conversion of heat into work, or conversely, the efficiency of a refrigeration system in creating a temperature difference through the application of work to the system. In a Carnot cycle, a system or engine transfers energy in the form of heat between two thermal reservoirs at temperatures T_H and T_C (referred to as the hot and cold reservoirs, respectively), and a part of this transferred energy is converted to the work done by the system. The cycle is reversible, and entropy is conserved, merely transferred between the thermal reservoirs and the system without gain or loss. When work is applied to the system, heat moves from the cold to hot reservoir (heat pump or refrigeration). When heat moves from the hot to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermodynamic Cycle
A thermodynamic cycle consists of linked sequences of thermodynamic processes that involve heat transfer, transfer of heat and work (physics), work into and out of the system, while varying pressure, temperature, and other state variables within the system, and that eventually returns the thermodynamic system, system to its initial state. In the process of passing through a cycle, the working fluid (system) may convert heat from a warm source into useful work, and dispose of the remaining heat to a cold sink, thereby acting as a heat engine. Conversely, the cycle may be reversed and use work to move heat from a cold source and transfer it to a warm sink thereby acting as a heat pump. If at every point in the cycle the system is in thermodynamic equilibrium, the cycle is reversible. Whether carried out reversible or irreversibly, the net entropy change of the system is zero, as entropy is a state function. During a closed cycle, the system returns to its original thermodynamic stat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isothermal
An isothermal process is a type of thermodynamic process in which the temperature ''T'' of a system remains constant: Δ''T'' = 0. This typically occurs when a system is in contact with an outside thermal reservoir, and a change in the system occurs slowly enough to allow the system to be continuously adjusted to the temperature of the reservoir through heat exchange (see quasi-equilibrium). In contrast, an ''adiabatic process'' is where a system exchanges no heat with its surroundings (''Q'' = 0). Simply, we can say that in an isothermal process * T = \text * \Delta T = 0 * dT = 0 * For ideal gases only, internal energy \Delta U = 0 while in adiabatic processes: * Q = 0. Etymology The noun '' isotherm'' is derived from the Ancient Greek words (), meaning "equal", and (), meaning "heat". Examples Isothermal processes can occur in any kind of system that has some means of regulating the temperature, including highly structured machines, and even living cell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temperature–entropy Diagram
In thermodynamics, a temperature–entropy (''T–s'') diagram is a thermodynamic diagram used to visualize changes to temperature () and specific entropy () during a thermodynamic process or cycle as the graph of a curve. It is a useful and common tool, particularly because it helps to visualize the heat transfer during a process. For reversible (ideal) processes, the area under the ''T–s'' curve of a process is the heat transferred to the system during that process. Working fluids are often categorized on the basis of the shape of their ''T–s'' diagram. An isentropic process is depicted as a vertical line on a ''T–s'' diagram, whereas an isothermal process is a horizontal line. See also *Carnot cycle *Pressure–volume diagram *Rankine cycle * Saturation vapor curve *Working fluid *Working fluid selection Heat engines, refrigeration cycles and heat pumps usually involve a fluid to and from which heat is transferred while undergoing a thermodynamic cycle. This ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carnot Cycle T-S Diagram
Carnot may refer to: People * Carnot Posey (1818–1863), American lawyer and military officer People with the surname *Lazare Carnot (1753-1823), French mathematician and politician of the French Revolution * Louis Carnot (born 2001), French French footballer *Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1796-1832), French military scientist and physicist; son of Lazare Carnot, namesake of Carnot Cycle. * Hippolyte Carnot (1801-1888), French politician; son of Lazare Carnot * Marie François Sadi Carnot (1837-1894), French politician; President of France from 1887 to 1894 and son of Hippolyte Carnot * Marie-Adolphe Carnot (1839-1920), French mining engineer and chemist; son of Hippolyte Carnot *Paul Carnot (1869-1957), French physician; son of Marie-Adolphe Carnot * Stéphane Carnot (born 1972), former French footballer Places * Carnot, Central African Republic, a city * Carnot, Wisconsin, United States * Carnot-Moon, Pennsylvania, United States Other uses *Carnot cycle, in thermodynamics *C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pressure–volume Diagram
A pressure–volume diagram (or PV diagram, or volume–pressure loop) is used to describe corresponding changes in volume and pressure in a system. It is commonly used in thermodynamics, cardiovascular physiology, and respiratory physiology. PV diagrams, originally called indicator diagrams, were developed in the 18th century as tools for understanding the efficiency of steam engines. Description A PV diagram plots the change in pressure ''P'' with respect to volume ''V'' for some process or processes. Typically in thermodynamics, the set of processes forms a cycle, so that upon completion of the cycle there has been no net change in state of the system; i.e. the device returns to the starting pressure and volume. The figure shows the features of an idealized PV diagram. It shows a series of numbered states (1 through 4). The path between each state consists of some process (A through D) which alters the pressure or volume of the system (or both). A key feature of the diagr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carnot Cycle P-V Diagram
Carnot may refer to: People * Carnot Posey (1818–1863), American lawyer and military officer People with the surname *Lazare Carnot (1753-1823), French mathematician and politician of the French Revolution * Louis Carnot (born 2001), French French footballer *Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1796-1832), French military scientist and physicist; son of Lazare Carnot, namesake of Carnot Cycle. * Hippolyte Carnot (1801-1888), French politician; son of Lazare Carnot * Marie François Sadi Carnot (1837-1894), French politician; President of France from 1887 to 1894 and son of Hippolyte Carnot * Marie-Adolphe Carnot (1839-1920), French mining engineer and chemist; son of Hippolyte Carnot *Paul Carnot (1869-1957), French physician; son of Marie-Adolphe Carnot * Stéphane Carnot (born 1972), former French footballer Places * Carnot, Central African Republic, a city * Carnot, Wisconsin, United States * Carnot-Moon, Pennsylvania, United States Other uses *Carnot cycle, in thermodynamics *C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isothermal Process
An isothermal process is a type of thermodynamic process in which the temperature ''T'' of a system remains constant: Δ''T'' = 0. This typically occurs when a system is in contact with an outside thermal reservoir, and a change in the system occurs slowly enough to allow the system to be continuously adjusted to the temperature of the reservoir through heat exchange (see quasi-equilibrium). In contrast, an '' adiabatic process'' is where a system exchanges no heat with its surroundings (''Q'' = 0). Simply, we can say that in an isothermal process * T = \text * \Delta T = 0 * dT = 0 * For ideal gases only, internal energy \Delta U = 0 while in adiabatic processes: * Q = 0. Etymology The noun '' isotherm'' is derived from the Ancient Greek words (), meaning "equal", and (), meaning "heat". Examples Isothermal processes can occur in any kind of system that has some means of regulating the temperature, including highly structured machines, and even living ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carnot Cycle Figure - Step 3
Carnot may refer to: People * Carnot Posey (1818–1863), American lawyer and military officer People with the surname *Lazare Carnot (1753-1823), French mathematician and politician of the French Revolution * Louis Carnot (born 2001), French French footballer *Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1796-1832), French military scientist and physicist; son of Lazare Carnot, namesake of Carnot Cycle. * Hippolyte Carnot (1801-1888), French politician; son of Lazare Carnot * Marie François Sadi Carnot (1837-1894), French politician; President of France from 1887 to 1894 and son of Hippolyte Carnot * Marie-Adolphe Carnot (1839-1920), French mining engineer and chemist; son of Hippolyte Carnot *Paul Carnot (1869-1957), French physician; son of Marie-Adolphe Carnot * Stéphane Carnot (born 1972), former French footballer Places * Carnot, Central African Republic, a city * Carnot, Wisconsin, United States * Carnot-Moon, Pennsylvania, United States Other uses *Carnot cycle, in thermodynamics *C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isentropic Process
An isentropic process is an idealized thermodynamic process that is both Adiabatic process, adiabatic and Reversible process (thermodynamics), reversible. The work (physics), work transfers of the system are friction, frictionless, and there is no net transfer of heat or matter. Such an idealized process is useful in engineering as a model of and basis of comparison for real processes. This process is idealized because reversible processes do not occur in reality; thinking of a process as both adiabatic and reversible would show that the initial and final entropies are the same, thus, the reason it is called isentropic (entropy does not change). Thermodynamics, Thermodynamic processes are named based on the effect they would have on the system (ex. isovolumetric: constant volume, isenthalpic: constant enthalpy). Even though in reality it is not necessarily possible to carry out an isentropic process, some may be approximated as such. The word "isentropic" derives from the proc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adiabatic Process
An adiabatic process (''adiabatic'' ) is a type of thermodynamic process that occurs without transferring heat between the thermodynamic system and its Environment (systems), environment. Unlike an isothermal process, an adiabatic process transfers energy to the surroundings only as Work (thermodynamics), work and/or mass flow.. A translation may be founhere. Also a mostly reliabltranslation is to be foundin As a key concept in thermodynamics, the adiabatic process supports the theory that explains the first law of thermodynamics. The opposite term to "adiabatic" is ''diabatic''. Some chemical and physical processes occur too rapidly for energy to enter or leave the system as heat, allowing a convenient "adiabatic approximation".Bailyn, M. (1994), pp. 52–53. For example, the adiabatic flame temperature uses this approximation to calculate the upper limit of fire, flame temperature by assuming combustion loses no heat to its surroundings. In meteorology, adiabatic expansion an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
