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Endgrain
Wood grain is the longitudinal arrangement of wood fibers or the pattern resulting from such an arrangement. It has various derived terms refer to different aspects of the fibers or patterns. Wood grain is important in woodworking and it impacts aesthetics. Definition and meanings Wood grain is the longitudinal arrangement of wood fibers or the pattern resulting from such an arrangement. R. Bruce Hoadley wrote that ''grain'' is a "confusingly versatile term" with numerous different uses, including the direction of the wood cells (e.g., ''straight grain'', ''spiral grain''), surface appearance or figure, growth-ring placement (e.g., ''vertical grain''), plane of the cut (e.g., ''end grain''), rate of growth (e.g., ''narrow grain''), and relative cell size (e.g., ''open grain'').Hoadley, R. Bruce. "Glossary." ''Understanding Wood: A Craftsman's Guide to Wood Technology''. Newtown, Conn.: Taunton, 1980. 265. Print. Physical aspects Grain in growing wood follows the grown fibres of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lodgepole Pine Spiral Grain
Lodgepole can refer to: ;Towns or cities * Lodgepole, Alberta, a hamlet in Canada * Lodge Pole, Montana, census-designated place in the United States * Lodgepole, Nebraska, a village in the United States * Lodgepole, South Dakota, an unincorporated community in the United States ;Species * Lodgepole chipmunk, a species of rodent * Lodgepole pine a species of tree ;Creeks or lakes * Lodgepole Creek, a creek within Colorado, Nebraska and Wyoming in the United States * Lodgepole Lake, a lake in Idaho, United States ;Other * ''Lodgepole (sculpture)'', a sculpture by Lyman Kipp * Lodgepole Community Hall, a National Registered Historic Place {{geodis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Woodworking
Woodworking is the skill of making items from wood, and includes cabinetry, furniture making, wood carving, joinery, carpentry, and woodturning. History Along with stone, clay and animal parts, wood was one of the first materials worked by early humans. Microwear analysis of the Mousterian stone tools used by the Neanderthals show that many were used to work wood. The development of civilization was closely tied to the development of increasingly greater degrees of skill in working these materials. Among the earlliest finds of woodworking are shaped sticks displaying notches from Kalambo Falls in southen Africa, dating to around 476,000 years ago. The Clacton spearhead from Clacton-on-Sea, England, dating to around 400,000 years ago,Allington-Jones, L., (2015) ''Archaeological Journal'', 172 (2) 273–296 The Clacton Spear – The Last One Hundred Years the Schöningen spears, from Schöningen (Germany) dating around 300,000 years ago and the Lehringen spear from no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wood Finishing
Wood finishing refers to the process of refining or protecting a wooden surface, especially in the production of furniture where typically it represents between 5 and 30% of manufacturing costs. Finishing is the final step of the manufacturing process that gives wood surfaces desirable characteristics, including enhanced appearance and increased resistance to moisture and other environmental agents. Finishing can also make wood easier to clean and keep it sanitized, sealing pores that can be breeding grounds for bacteria. Finishing can also influence other wood properties, for example tonal qualities of musical instruments and hardness of flooring. In addition, finishing provides a way of giving low-value woods the appearance of ones that are expensive and difficult to obtain. Planning the finish Finishing of wood requires careful planning to ensure that the finished piece looks attractive, performs well in service and meets safety and environmental requirements. Planning for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grain Filler
A grain filler (pore filler or paste wood filler) is a woodworking product that is used to achieve a smooth-textured wood finish by filling pores in the wood grain. It is used particularly on open grained woods such as oak, mahogany and walnut where building up multiple layers of standard wood finish is ineffective or impractical. Composition Grain fillers generally consist of three basic components; a binder, a bulking agent and a solvent. The binder is wood finish, and in the case of oil-based fillers is typically a blend of oil and varnish. In the case of water-based fillers, it is acrylic or urethane. The type of binder influences the type of solvent used; oil-based fillers usually use mineral spirits, while water-based fillers use water. Both types of filler use silica as a bulking agent as it resists shrinking and swelling in response to changes in temperature and humidity. Other bulking agents may include quartz powder, wood flour, and talc. Use Woodworkers will use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grain Painting
Graining is the practice of imitating wood grain on a non-wood surface, or on relatively undesirable wood surface, in order to give it the appearance of a rare or higher quality wood, thereby increase that surface's aesthetic appeal. Graining was common in the 19th century, as people were keen on imitating hard, expensive woods by applying a superficial layer of paint onto soft, inexpensive woods or other hard surfaces. Graining can be accomplished using either rudimentary tools or highly specialized tools. A specialized thick brush used for graining is often called a mottler. Fan brushes, floggers, softening brushes, texture combs and even fingers are used to create various effects. The painting is carried out in layers, with the first layer being a base. Today that is usually done with latex paint in a gold or orange or tan tone, depending on the type of wood the artist is aiming to imitat. A second layer of tempera or thinned paint is applied over the dry base, by means of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burr Wood
A burl (American English) or burr (British English) is a tree growth in which the grain has grown in a deformed manner. It is commonly found in the form of a rounded outgrowth on a tree trunk or branch that is filled with small knots from dormant buds. Burl formation is typically a result of some form of stress such as an injury or a viral or fungal infection. More scientifically, a burl is “the result of hyperplasia, a greatly abnormal proliferation of xylem production by the vascular cambium”. Burls yield a very peculiar and highly figured wood sought after in woodworking, and some items may reach high prices on the wood market. Poaching of burl specimens and damaging the trees in the process poses a problem in some areas. Description A burl results from a tree undergoing some form of stress. It may be caused by a virus, fungus or ''Agrobacterium tumefaciens'' entering the plant through an injury. Most burls grow beneath the ground, attached to the roots as a type ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rift Sawing
Rift sawing is a woodworking process that aims to produce lumber that is less vulnerable to distortion than flat-sawn lumber. Rift-sawing may be done strictly along a log's radials—perpendicular to the annular growth ring orientation or wood grain—or as part of the quarter sawing process. Process Leading to some confusion, the terms "rift sawing" and "quarter sawing" are interchanged between various sources. Radial cut ''Civil Engineering Materials'' describes rift-sawing as a process where boards are cut radially. Thus, the grain is always nearly parallel to the short edge of the board and thus nearly perpendicular to the long edge of the board. This produces stable boards with comparatively thin grain; least susceptible to warping, twisting, or cupping; and hence most valued for products where dimensional stability is critical (e.g. musical instruments, high-end sports equipment). This is similar to the process used to make wood shingles. The word ''rift'' derives f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quarter-sawn
Quarter sawing or quartersawing is a woodworking process that produces quarter-sawn or quarter-cut boards in the rip cutting of logs into lumber. The resulting lumber can also be called ''radially-sawn'' or simply ''quartered''. There is widespread confusion between the terms ''rift sawn'' and ''quarter sawn'' with the terms defined both with opposite meanings and as synonyms. Quarter-sawn boards have greater stability of form and size with less cupping (compared to flatsawn boards), shrinkage across the width, shake and splitting, and other good qualities. In some woods such as oak, the wood grain produces a decorative effect which shows a prominent ray fleck, while sapele is likely to produce a ribbon figure. Description Quarter sawing is a process for rip cutting logs into lumber. It produces quarter-sawn or quarter-cut boards. The resulting lumber can also be called ''radially-sawn'' or simply ''quartered''. Wood cut in this way is prized for certain applications, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flame Maple
Flame maple (tiger maple), also known as ''flamed maple'', ''curly maple'', ''ripple maple'', ''fiddleback'' or ''tiger stripe'', is a feature of maple in which the growth of the wood fibers is distorted in an undulating Chatoyancy, chatoyant pattern, producing wavy lines known as "flames". This effect is often mistakenly said to be part of the Wood grain, grain of the wood; it is more accurately called "figure (wood), figure", as the distortion is perpendicular to the grain direction. Prized for its beautiful appearance, it is used frequently in the manufacturing of fine furniture and musical instruments, such as violins, guitars, and bassoons. During the westward expansion of early settlers and explorers into the lands west of the Appalachian Mountains, curly maple was often used for making the stocks used on long rifle, Kentucky rifles. About the Wood When wood from a tree with undulating grain is split, the wood splits along the undulations, so that the split log shows, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quilt Maple
Quilt or quilted maple refers to a type of Figure (wood), figure in maple wood. It is seen on the tangential plane (Flat sawing, flat-sawn) and looks like a wavy "quilted" pattern, often similar to ripples on water. The highest quality quilted figure is found in the Western Big Leaf Maple, Big Leaf species of maple. It is a distortion of the Wood grain, grain pattern itself. Prized for its beauty, it is used frequently in the manufacturing of musical instruments, especially guitars. See also * Chatoyancy * Flame maple References External links Maple Wood {{material-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birdseye Maple
Bird's eye is a type of figure that occurs within several kinds of wood, most notably hard maple. It has a distinctive pattern that resembles tiny, swirling eyes disrupting the smooth lines of grain. It is somewhat reminiscent of a burl, but it is quite different: the small knots that make the burl are missing. It is not known what causes the phenomenon. Research into the cultivation of bird's eye maple has so far discounted the theories that it is caused by pecking birds deforming the wood grain or that an infecting fungus makes it twist. However, no one has demonstrated a complete understanding of any combination of climate, soil, tree variety, insects, viruses, or genetic mutations that may produce the effect. Bird's eye maple is most often found in ''Acer saccharum'' (sugar maple), but millers also find bird's eye figures in red maple, white ash, Cuban mahogany, American beech, black walnut, and yellow birch. Trees that grow in the Great Lakes region of Canada and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
