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Emigration Of Christians From The Crimea (1778)
The Eviction of Christians from the Crimea in 1778 (; ) was a historical event in which the Greek and Armenian populations of Crimea were resettled by the authorities of the Russian Empire to newly founded settlements in Pryazovia, taking place in 1778 on order of Empress Catherine the Great. Background In 1768, Russia began a new round of hostilities against the Ottoman Empire, and by June 1771 an army under the command of Prince Vasily Dolgorukov-Krymsky had captured the entirety of the Crimean peninsula. As a result of the end of the war and the signing of the Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji, Crimea was effectively ceded to the Russian Empire as a client state. At the start of 1775, however, Ottoman forces intervened in Crimea, in violation of the Kuchuk-Kainarji Treaty, and, after ousting Sahib II Giray from power, installed as the new khan of Crimea. This resulted in Russian military intervention on 23 November 1776, with Catherine the Great proclaiming the Russian-aligned Şah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Crimea
Crimea ( ) is a peninsula in Eastern Europe, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov. The Isthmus of Perekop connects the peninsula to Kherson Oblast in mainland Ukraine. To the east, the Crimean Bridge, constructed in 2018, spans the Strait of Kerch, linking the peninsula with Krasnodar Krai in Russia. The Arabat Spit, located to the northeast, is a narrow strip of land that separates the Syvash lagoons from the Sea of Azov. Across the Black Sea to the west lies Romania and to the south is Turkey. The population is 2.4 million, and the largest city is Sevastopol. The region, internationally recognized as part of Ukraine, has been under Russian occupation of Crimea, Russian occupation since 2014. Called the Tauric Peninsula until the early modern period, Crimea has historically been at the boundary between the Classical antiquity, classical world and the Pontic–Caspian steppe, steppe. Greeks in pre-Rom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Crimean Khanate
The Crimean Khanate, self-defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak, and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary, was a Crimean Tatars, Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441 to 1783, the longest-lived of the Turkic peoples, Turkic khanates that succeeded the empire of the Golden Horde. Established by Hacı I Giray in 1441, it was regarded as the direct heir to the Golden Horde and to Cumania, Desht-i-Kipchak. In 1783, violating the 1774 Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (which had guaranteed non-interference of both Russia and the Ottoman Empire in the affairs of the Crimean Khanate), the Annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire, Russian Empire annexed the khanate. Among the European powers, only France came out with an open protest against this act, due to the longstanding Franco-Ottoman alliance. Naming and geography The Crimean Khans, considering their state as the heir and legal successor of the Golden Horde and Desht-i Kipcha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Liquidation Of The Zaporozhian Sich
The liquidation of the Zaporozhian Host (''Sich'') in 1775 was the forcible destruction by Russian troops of the Cossack formation, the Nova (Pidpilnenska) Sich, and the final liquidation of the Zaporozhian Sich as a semi-autonomous Cossack polity. As a result, the Zaporozhian Lowland Host ceased to exist. Prerequisites for liquidation March Articles of 1654. After the palace coup of 1762, Catherine II, the wife of Emperor Peter III, ascended the imperial throne and immediately made every effort to strengthen the power of the autocracy in the vast empire. An important aspect of the Empress's policy was the so-called "Russification of the Polishized suburbs". Such plans of Catherine II did not provide for the existence of the Cossack state of the Cossack Hetmanate, or the Cossack liberties, or the Zaporozhian Sich. The term '' sich'' is a noun related to the Eastern Slavic verb ''sich ( сѣчь), meaning "to chop" or "cut"; it may have been associated with the usual wood shar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Mariupol
Mariupol is a city in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. It is situated on the northern coast (Pryazovia) of the Sea of Azov, at the mouth of the Kalmius, Kalmius River. Prior to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, it was the tenth-largest city in the country and the second-largest city in Donetsk Oblast, with an estimated population of 425,681 people in January 2022; as of August 2023, Ukrainian authorities estimate the population of Mariupol at approximately 120,000. Mariupol has been occupied by Russian forces since May 2022. Historically, the city of Mariupol was a centre for trade and manufacturing, and played a key role in the development of higher education and many businesses and also served as a coastal resort on the Sea of Azov. In 1948, Mariupol was renamed Zhdanov () after Andrei Zhdanov, a native of the city who had become a high-ranking official of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and a close ally to Joseph Stalin. The name was part of a larger effort to rename cities a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Dnipro
Dnipro is Ukraine's fourth-largest city, with about one million inhabitants. It is located in the eastern part of Ukraine, southeast of the Ukrainian capital Kyiv on the Dnieper River, Dnipro River, from which it takes its name. Dnipro is the Capital (political), administrative centre of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. It hosts the administration of Dnipro urban hromada. Dnipro has a population of Archeological evidence suggests the site of the present city was settled by Cossacks, Cossack communities from at least 1524. Yekaterinoslav ("glory of Catherine") was established by decree of the Emperor of all the Russias, Russian Empress Catherine the Great in 1787 as the administrative center of Novorossiya Governorate, Novorossiya. From the end of the 19th century, the town attracted foreign capital and an international, multi-ethnic workforce exploiting Kryvbas iron ore and Donbas coal. Renamed Dnipropetrovsk in 1926 after the Ukrainian Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Communist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Resident Minister
A resident minister, or resident for short, is a government official required to take up permanent residence in another country. A representative of his government, he officially has diplomatic functions which are often seen as a form of indirect rule. A resident usually heads an administrative area called a residency. "Resident" may also refer to resident spy, the chief of an espionage operations base. Resident ministers This full style occurred commonly as a diplomatic rank for the head of a mission ranking just below envoy, usually reflecting the relatively low status of the states of origin and/or residency or else difficult relations. On occasion, the resident minister's role could become extremely important, as when in 1806 the Bourbon king Ferdinand IV fled his Kingdom of Naples, and Lord William Bentinck, the British Resident, authored (1812) a new and relatively liberal constitution. Residents could also be posted to nations that had significant foreign influenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Yevpatoria
Yevpatoria (; ; ; ) is a city in western Crimea, north of Kalamita Bay. Yevpatoria serves as the administrative center of Yevpatoria Municipality, one of the districts (''raions'') into which Crimea is divided. It had a population of History Greek settlement The first recorded settlement in the area, called ''Kerkinitis'' (), was built by Greek colonists around 500 BCE. Along with the rest of the Crimea, Kerkinitis formed part of the dominions of King Mithridates VI Eupator ( BCE). The name of the modern city derives from his nickname, ''Eupator'' ('of a noble father'). Khanate period From roughly the 7th through the 10th centuries, Yevpatoria was a Khazar settlement; its name in Khazar language was probably ''Güzliev'' (literally 'beautiful house'). It was later subject to the Cumans ( Kipchaks), the Mongols, and the Crimean Khanate. During this period the city was called ''Kezlev'' by Crimean Tatars and ''Gözleve'' by Ottoman Turks. The Russian medieval ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Kezlev
Yevpatoria (; ; ; ) is a city in western Crimea, north of Kalamita Bay. Yevpatoria serves as the administrative center of Yevpatoria Municipality, one of the districts (''raions'') into which Crimea is divided. It had a population of History Greek settlement The first recorded settlement in the area, called ''Kerkinitis'' (), was built by Greek colonists around 500 BCE. Along with the rest of the Crimea, Kerkinitis formed part of the dominions of King Mithridates VI Eupator ( BCE). The name of the modern city derives from his nickname, ''Eupator'' ('of a noble father'). Khanate period From roughly the 7th through the 10th centuries, Yevpatoria was a Khazar settlement; its name in Khazar language was probably ''Güzliev'' (literally 'beautiful house'). It was later subject to the Cumans (Kipchaks), the Mongols, and the Crimean Khanate. During this period the city was called ''Kezlev'' by Crimean Tatars and ''Gözleve'' by Ottoman Turks. The Russian medieval name '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
1778 Krym
Events January–March * January 18 – Third voyage of James Cook: Sea captain, Captain James Cook, with ships HMS Resolution (1771), HMS ''Resolution'' and HMS Discovery (1774), HMS ''Discovery'', first views Oahu, Oʻahu then Kauai, Kauaʻi in the Hawaiian Islands of the Pacific Ocean, which he names the ''Sandwich Islands''. * February 5 – In the United States: **South Carolina becomes the first state to ratify the Articles of Confederation. **General John Cadwalader (general), John Cadwalader shoots and seriously wounds Major General Thomas Conway in a duel after a dispute between the two officers over Conway's continued criticism of General George Washington's leadership of the Continental Army.''Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909'', ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p166 * February 6 – American Revolutionary War: In Paris, the Treaty of Alliance (1778), Treaty of Allia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Alexander Suvorov
Count Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov-Rymniksky, Prince of Italy () was a Russian general and military theorist in the service of the Russian Empire. Born in Moscow, he studied military history as a young boy and joined the Imperial Russian Army at the age of 17. Promoted to colonel in 1762 for his successes during the Seven Years' War, his victories during the War of the Bar Confederation included the capture of Kraków and victories at Battle of Orzechowo, Orzechowo, Battles of Lanckorona#Third clash (Battle of Lanckorona), Lanckorona, and Battle of Stołowicze, Stołowicze. His reputation rose further when, in the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774), Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774, he Stormings of Turtucaia, captured Turtukaya twice and won a decisive victory at Battle of Kozludzha, Kozludzha. After a period of little progress, he was promoted to general and led Russian forces in the Russo-Turkish War (1787–92), Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792, participating in the Siege o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Alexander Prozorovsky
Prince Alexander Alexandrovich Prozorovsky (, Romanization of Russian, tr. ; 1733 – 21 August 1809) was the only Field Marshal from the Prozorovsky, Prozorovsky family. Biography Prozorovsky gained distinction in the Seven Years' War and the Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774, conquest of Crimea. Prozorovsky's career was furthered by his maternal House of Golitsyn, Galitzine relatives, who helped him to get appointed to the office of Kursk's governor in 1780. He resigned two years later and spent the following years at his country estates. In 1790 Prozorovsky returned to the active service as the Governor General of Moscow. Emperor Paul, however, couldn't get along with him and discharged Prozorovsky from his office. His ancient services were recalled in 1808, when the Russian army Russo-Turkish War, 1806-1812, resumed its hostilities against Turkey, and Prozorovsky became its Commander-in-Chief. Prozorovsky's reputation suffered a blow when his attempt to storm of Brăila, Brailo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Crimean Tatars
Crimean Tatars (), or simply Crimeans (), are an Eastern European Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group and nation indigenous to Crimea. Their ethnogenesis lasted thousands of years in Crimea and the northern regions along the coast of the Black Sea, uniting Mediterranean basin, Mediterranean populations with those of the Eurasian Steppe.''Агджоян А. Т., Схаляхо Р. А., Утевская О. М., Жабагин М. К., Тагирли Ш. Г., Дамба Л. Д., Атраментова Л. А., Балановский О. П.'Генофонд крымских татар в сравнении с тюркоязычными народами Европы, 2015 Genome-wide study of the Crimean Tatars unveiled connections between them and the genomes of individuals from the Steppe during the Bronze Age, specifically those associated with the Yamnaya culture, Yamnaya archaeological culture. Until the 20th century, Crimean Tatars were the most populous demographic cohort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
