Ehrlichiosis
Ehrlichiosis is a tick-borne bacterial infection, caused by bacteria of the family Anaplasmataceae, genera '' Ehrlichia'' and '' Anaplasma''. These obligate intracellular bacteria infect and kill white blood cells. The average reported annual incidence is on the order of 2.3 cases per million people. Types Six (see note below) species have been shown to cause human infection: * '' Anaplasma phagocytophilum'' causes Human granulocytic anaplasmosis. ''A. phagocytophilum'' is endemic to New England and the north-central and Pacific regions of the United States. * '' Ehrlichia ewingii'' causes human ewingii ehrlichiosis. ''E. ewingii'' primarily infects deer and dogs (see Ehrlichiosis (canine)). ''E. ewingii'' is most common in the south-central and southeastern states. * '' Ehrlichia chaffeensis'' causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis. ''E. chaffeensis'' is most common in the south-central and southeastern states. * '' Ehrlichia canis'' * '' Neorickettsia sennetsu'' *'' Ehrl ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis
Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis is a form of ehrlichiosis associated with ''Ehrlichia chaffeensis''. This bacterium is an obligate intracellular pathogen affecting monocytes and macrophages. Symptom and signs The most common symptoms are fever, headache, malaise, and muscle aches (myalgia). Compared to human granulocytic anaplasmosis, rash is more common. Laboratory abnormalities include thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and elevated liver tests. The severity of the illness can range from minor or asymptomatic to life-threatening. CNS involvement may occur. A serious septic or toxic shock-like picture can also develop, especially in patients with impaired immunity. Cause This disease is known to be caused by tick bites. Diagnosis Tick exposure is often overlooked. For patients living in high-prevalence areas who spend time outdoors, a high degree of clinical suspicion should be employed. Ehrlichia serologies can be negative in the acute period. Polymerase chain reaction is t ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Ehrlichia Ewingii
''Ehrlichia ewingii'' is a species of Rickettsiales bacteria. It has recently been associated with human infection, and can be detected via PCR serological testing. The name ''Ehrlichia ewingii'' was proposed in 1992. Taxonomy and characterization Taxonomy The current classification is Bacteria, Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Rickettsiales, Ehrlichiaceae, ''Ehrlichia ewingii''. Classification of different members of the genus '' Ehrlichia'' has been disputed, however, it is generally agreed that close relatives of ''Ehrlichia ewingii'' are ''Ehrlichia chaffeensis'' and '' Ehrlichia canis''. It is also closely related to ''Wolbachia'', '' Anaplasma'', and '' Neorickettsia'' bacteria, with ''Rickettsia'' as a more distant genus. Characterization Species in the family Anaplasmataceae have unique characteristics that can help differentiate them from other families including: sensitivity to mechanical stress, changes in osmolarity, and thawing. All ' ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Ehrlichia Canis
''Ehrlichia canis'' is an obligate intracellular bacterium that acts as the causative agent of ehrlichiosis, a disease most commonly affecting canine species. This pathogen is present throughout the United States (but is most prominent in the South), South America, Asia, Africa and recently in the Kimberley region of Australia. First defined in 1935, ''E. canis'' emerged in the United States in 1963 and its presence has since been found in all 48 contiguous United States. Reported primarily in dogs, ''E. canis'' has also been documented in felines and humans, where it is transferred most commonly via ''Rhipicephalus sanguineus'', the brown dog tick. Transmission cycle The brown dog tick, ''R. sanguineus'', acts as the primary vector of ''E. canis'', transferring the pathogen between hosts during blood meals. Dogs, both domestic and wild, act as reservoir hosts for this pathogen and are the primary hosts of brown dog ticks. Brown dog ticks become carriers of the pathogen whe ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis
Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is a tick-borne, infectious disease caused by '' Anaplasma phagocytophilum'', an obligate intracellular bacterium that is typically transmitted to humans by ticks of the '' Ixodes ricinus'' species complex, including '' Ixodes scapularis'' and '' Ixodes pacificus'' in North America. These ticks also transmit Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases. The bacteria infect white blood cells called neutrophils, causing changes in gene expression that prolong the life of these otherwise short-lived cells. Signs and symptoms Signs and symptoms may include: * fever * severe headache * muscle aches ( myalgia) * chills and shaking, similar to the symptoms of influenza * nausea * vomiting * loss of appetite * unintentional weight loss * abdominal pain * cough * diarrhea, * aching joints * sensitivity to light * weakness * fatigue * change in mental status (extreme confusion, memory loss, inability to comprehend environment- interaction, reading, et ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Ehrlichiosis (canine)
Ehrlichiosis (; also known as canine rickettsiosis, canine hemorrhagic fever, canine typhus, tracker dog disease, and tropical canine pancytopenia) is a tick-borne disease of dogs usually caused by the rickettsial agent '' Ehrlichia canis''. ''Ehrlichia canis'' is the pathogen of animals. Humans can become infected by ''E. canis'' and other species after tick exposure. German Shepherd Dogs are thought to be susceptible to a particularly severe form of the disease; other breeds generally have milder clinical signs. Cats can also be infected. ''Ehrlichia'' '' Ehrlichia'' is a rickettsial genus of bacteria belonging to the family Ehrlichiaceae. There are several species of ''Ehrlichia'', but the one that most commonly affects dogs and causes the most severe clinical signs is ''Ehrlichia canis''. This species infects monocytes in the peripheral blood. The brown dog tick, or '' Rhipicephalus sanguineous'', which passes the organism to the dog, is prevalent throughout most of the Unite ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Ehrlichia Muris
''Ehrlichia muris'' is a species of pathogenic bacteria first isolated from mice, with type strain AS145T. Its genome has been sequenced. References Further reading * * External links *WISC entry CDC Ehrlichiosis entry Type strain of ''Ehrlichia muris'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Rickettsiales {{alphaproteobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Ehrlichia Chaffeensis
''Ehrlichia chaffeensis'' is an obligate intracellular, Gram-negative species of Rickettsiales bacteria. It is a zoonotic pathogen transmitted to humans by the lone star tick (''Amblyomma americanum''). It is the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis. Human monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by ''E. chaffeensis'' is known to spread through tick infection primarily in the Southern, South-central and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. In recent years, the lone star tick has expanded its range along the East Coast to New England, putting more humans at risk for tick-borne infections.Little, S. E. (2007, January). ''New developments in managing vector-borne diseases''. Retrieved from http://www.iknowledgenow.com/tocnavc2007smallanimal.cfm It is named for Fort Chaffee, where the bacterium was first discovered in blood samples of infected patients. Transmission cycle ''E. chaffeensis'' is maintained in nature through a complex zoonotic relationship. The white-tailed d ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Amblyomma Americanum
''Amblyomma americanum'', also known as the lone star tick, northeastern water tick, turkey tick, and cricker tick, is a type of tick indigenous to much of the eastern United States and Mexico that bites painlessly and commonly goes unnoticed, remaining attached to its host for as long as seven days until it is fully engorged with blood. It bites aggressively, and its larvae may transfer themselves to skin from discarded clothing that is put back on. The Sexual dimorphism, sexually dimorphic adult lone star tick is named not for Republic of Texas, Texas, although much of the state lies in its natural range, but for a silvery-white, somewhat star-shaped spot or "lone star" present near the center of the posterior portion of the adult female shield (scutum); adult males conversely have varied white streaks or spots around the margins of their shields. ''A. americanum'' owes the name turkey tick to the wild turkeys that are a common host in its immature stages in some Midwestern U.S ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Ehrlichia
''Ehrlichia'' is a genus of Rickettsiales bacteria that are transmitted to vertebrates by ticks. These bacteria cause the disease ehrlichiosis, which is considered zoonotic, because the main reservoirs for the disease are animals. ''Ehrlichia'' species are obligately intracellular pathogens and are transported between cells through the host cell filopodia during initial stages of infection, whereas in the final stages of infection, the pathogen ruptures the host cell membrane. History The genus ''Ehrlichia'' is named after German microbiologist Paul Ehrlich. The first ehrlichial disease was recognized in South Africa during the 19th century. Its tick-borne nature was determined in 1900. The organism itself was demonstrated in 1925 when it was recognized to be a ''Rickettsia''. It was initially named ''Rickettsia ruminantium'', and is currently named '' Ehrlichia ruminantium''. In 1945, an "infection and treatment" method for livestock was developed. This is still the only comm ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Mayo Clinic
Mayo Clinic () is a Nonprofit organization, private American Academic health science centre, academic Medical centers in the United States, medical center focused on integrated health care, healthcare, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, education, and research. It maintains three major campuses in Rochester, Minnesota; Jacksonville, Florida; and Phoenix, Arizona, Phoenix/Scottsdale, Arizona. Mayo Clinic employs over 7,300 physicians and scientists, along with another 66,000 administrative and allied health staff. The practice specializes in treating difficult cases through Health care#Tertiary care, tertiary care and Medical tourism#United States, destination medicine. It is home to the top-15 ranked Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine in addition to many of the highest regarded residency education programs in the United States. It spends over $660 million a year on research and has more than 3,000 full-time research personnel. William Worrall Mayo settled his family i ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Minnesota
Minnesota ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Upper Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario to the north and east and by the U.S. states of Wisconsin to the east, Iowa to the south, and North Dakota and South Dakota to the west. It is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 12th-largest U.S. state in area and the List of U.S. states and territories by population, 22nd-most populous, with about 5.8 million residents. Minnesota is known as the "Land of 10,000 Lakes"; it has 14,420 bodies of fresh water covering at least ten acres each. Roughly a third of the state is Forest cover by state and territory in the United States, forested. Much of the remainder is prairie and farmland. More than 60% of Minnesotans (about 3.71 million) live in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area, known as the "Twin Cities", which is Minnesota's main Politics of Minnesota, political, Economy of Minnesota, economic, and C ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Eau Claire, Wisconsin
Eau Claire ( ; lit. "clear water") is a city in Eau Claire County, Wisconsin, Eau Claire and Chippewa County, Wisconsin, Chippewa counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It is the county seat, seat of Eau Claire County. It is the List of cities in Wisconsin, seventh-most populous city in Wisconsin, with a population of 69,421 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. The Eau Claire–Chippewa Falls metropolitan area, Eau Claire metropolitan area, known locally as the Chippewa Valley, has approximately 176,000 residents. Eau Claire is at the confluence of the Eau Claire River (Chippewa River), Eau Claire and Chippewa River (Wisconsin), Chippewa rivers on traditional Ojibwe, Dakota people, Dakota, and Ho-Chunk land. The area's first permanent European American settlers arrived in 1845, and Eau Claire was incorporated as a city in 1872. The city's early growth came from its extensive logging and timber industries. After Eau Claire's lumber industry declined in the early 20th ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |