|
Eastern Himalayan Subalpine Conifer Forests
The Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests is a temperate coniferous forests ecoregion which is found in the middle and upper elevations of the eastern Middle Himalayas, in western Nepal, Bhutan, northern Indian states including Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim and adjacent Myanmar and China. Setting The ecoregion forms a belt of coniferous forest covering from elevation extending from the Gandaki River in Nepal east through Bhutan and into Arunachal Pradesh and Tibet. It is part of a transition zone from Indomalayan realm in the south, to the Palearctic realm in the north, and is the last habitat below the treeline of the Himalayas. The Himalayas are lined with belts of habitat from the grassy foothills to the high peaks and are home to a number of birds and animals that migrate seasonally through these zones, including these conifer forests, each of which provides crucial habitat at different times of the year. Furthermore the streams and rivers of the steep mountainsides will ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indomalayan Realm
The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia. Also called the Oriental realm by biogeographers, Indomalaya spreads all over the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia to lowland southern China, and through Indonesia as far as Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Borneo, east of which lies the Wallace line, the realm boundary named after Alfred Russel Wallace which separates Indomalaya from Australasia. Indomalaya also includes the Philippines, lowland Taiwan, and Japan's Ryukyu Islands. Most of Indomalaya was originally covered by forest, and includes tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, with tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests predominant in much of India and parts of Southeast Asia. The tropical forests of Indomalaya are highly variable and diverse, with economically important trees, especially in the families Dipterocarpaceae and Fabaceae. Major ecol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gandaki River
The Gandaki River, also known as the Narayani and Gandak, is one of the major rivers in Nepal and a left-bank tributary of the Ganges in India. Its total catchment area is , most of it in Nepal. In the Nepal Himalayas, the Gandaki is notable for its deep canyon. The basin also contains three mountains over , namely Dhaulagiri, Manaslu and Annapurna Massif. Dhaulagiri is the highest point of the Gandaki basin. In its upper reaches, the river is known as Kali Gandaki (or Gandaki) as it flows through the Mustang District and the famous Kali Gandaki Gorge in Nepal. When the river reaches the Terai plains of Nepal, it is referred to as the Narayani River. This name change typically occurs near the confluence with the Trishuli River at Devghat in Chitwan. Upon entering India, the river is known as the Gandak River. River course Nepal The Kali Gandaki river source is at the border with Tibet at an elevation of at the Nhubine Himal Glacier in the Mustang region of Nepal. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxus Sumatrana
''Taxus sumatrana'', or the Sumatran yew, is a large evergreen shrub and one of the eight species of yew. Its taxonomic namesake is indicative of the species being found in Indonesia (specifically, the island of Sumatra); however, ''T. sumatrana'' is also found in a number of South and Southeast Asian countries, including parts of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Indochina, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Tibet. Given this broad geographical range, it is also known as the Taiwan yew, the Chinese yew, as well as the East Himalayan yew. Plants of the World Online recognizes ''T. sumatrana'' as a synonym of '' Taxus wallichiana''. ''T. sumatrana'' is typically found at elevations ranging from 400 to 3,100 mde Laubenfels, Miquel ''Taxus sumatrana'', 1978link retrieved on March 10, 2007 and mainly in subtropical forests or on highland ridges. It is a government-protected species in Taroko National Park in Taiwan. Appearance ''Taxus sumatrana'' is a w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olea Europaea Subsp
''Olea'' ( ) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae. It includes 12 species native to warm temperate and tropical regions of the Middle East, southern Europe, Africa, southern Asia, and Australasia. They are evergreen trees and shrubs, with small, opposite, entire leaves. The fruit is a drupe. Leaves of ''Olea'' contain trichosclereids. For humans, the most important and familiar species is by far the olive (''Olea europaea''), native to the Mediterranean region, Africa, southwest Asia, and the Himalayas, which is the type species of the genus. The native olive (''O. paniculata'') is a larger tree, attaining a height of 15–18 m in the forests of Queensland, and yielding a hard and tough timber. The yet harder wood of the black ironwood ''O. capensis'', an inhabitant of Natal, is important in South Africa. ''Olea'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including double-striped pug. Species 12 species are currently accepted: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shorea Robusta
''Shorea robusta'', the sal tree, sāla, shala, sakhua, or sarai, is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The tree is native to India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Tibet and across the Himalayan regions. Evolution Fossil evidence from lignite mines in the Indian states of Rajasthan and Gujarat indicate that sal trees (or at least a closely related '' Shorea'' species) have been a dominant tree species of forests of the Indian subcontinent since at least the early Eocene (roughly 49 million years ago), at a time when the region otherwise supported a very different biota from the modern day. Evidence comes from the numerous amber nodules in these rocks, which originate from the dammar resin produced by the sal trees. Description ''Shorea robusta'' can grow up to tall with a trunk diameter of . The leaves are 10–25 cm long and 5–15 cm broad. In wetter areas, sal is evergreen; in drier areas, it is dry-season deciduous, shedding most of the leaves from Februar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juniperus Tibetica
''Juniperus tibetica'', the Tibetan juniper, is a species of juniper, native to western China in southern Gansu, southeastern Qinghai, Sichuan, and Tibet Autonomous Region, where it grows at high to very high altitudes of . This species has the highest known elevation treeline in the northern hemisphere. The highest known stand of ''J. tibetica'' was found at 29°42' N 96°45' E at 4900 m in southeastern Tibet ( Xizang Autonomous Region, Baxoi County). It is an evergreen coniferous shrub or small to medium-sized tree growing to heights of , rarely , with a trunk up to in diameter. The leaves are of two forms, juvenile needle-like leaves long on seedlings and occasionally (regrowth after browsing damage) on adult plants, and adult scale-leaves long on older plants; they are arranged in decussate opposite pairs or whorls of three. The cones are ovoid, berry-like, long and diameter, blue-black, and contain a single seed; they are mature in about 18 months. The male cones ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinus Hwangshanensis
''Pinus hwangshanensis'', or Huangshan pine, is a species of pine endemic to the mountains of eastern China; it is named after the Huangshan Mountains in Anhui, from where it was first described. Description ''Pinus hwangshanensis'' is an evergreen tree reaching in height, with a very broad, flat-topped crown of long, level branches. The bark is thick, grayish, and scaly plated. The leaves are needle-like, dark green, 2 per fascicle, long and wide, the persistent fascicle sheath long. The cones are broad squat ovoid, long, yellow-brown, opening when mature in late winter to 5–7 cm broad. The seeds are winged, long with a 1.5–2.5 cm wing. Pollination occurs in mid-spring, with the cones maturing 18–20 months after. It is closely related to Japanese black pine (''P. thunbergii''), differing from it in the slenderer leaves, brown (not white) buds and broader cones. Distribution and habitat Huangshan pines are endemic to the mountains of eastern China ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinus Roxburghii
''Pinus roxburghii'', commonly known as chir pine or longleaf Indian pine, is a species of pine tree Native plant, native to the Himalayas. It was named after William Roxburgh. Description ''Pinus roxburghii'' is a large tree reaching with a trunk diameter of up to , exceptionally . The Bark (botany), bark is red-brown, thick and deeply fissured at the base of the trunk, thinner and flaky in the upper crown. The leaves are needle-like, in fascicles of three, very slender, long, and distinctly yellowish green. The conifer cone, cones are ovoid conic, long and broad at the base when closed, green at first, ripening glossy chestnut-brown when 24 months old. They open slowly over the next year or so, or after being heated by a wildfire, forest fire, to release the seeds, opening to broad. The seeds are long, with a wing, and are wind-Seed dispersal, dispersed. Similar species ''Pinus roxburghii'' is closely related to ''Pinus canariensis, P. canariensis'' (Canary I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juniperus Indica
''Juniperus indica'', the black juniper, is a juniper native to high-altitude climates in the Himalaya, occurring in Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan and China. It is of interest as the highest elevation woody plant known, reported growing as high as in southern Tibet; the lowest limit being . It is a shrub growing to tall, with largely horizontal branching. The leaves are dark gray-green, dimorphic, with adult plants having mostly scale-like leaves long, while young plants have mostly needle-like leaves 5–8 mm long, but needle-like leaves can also be found on shaded shoots of adult plants. The leaves are borne in whorls of three on strong stout main stem shoots, and opposite pairs on thinner, slower-growing shoots. It is dioecious, with male (pollen) and female (seed) cones on separate plants. The mature seed cones are ovoid, berry-like, 6–10 mm long, glossy black, and contain a single seed; the seeds are dispersed by bird Birds are a group of warm-blood ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juniperus Recurva
Junipers are coniferous trees and shrubs in the genus ''Juniperus'' ( ) of the cypress family Cupressaceae. Depending on the taxonomy, between 50 and 67 species of junipers are widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere as far south as tropical Africa, including the Arctic, parts of Asia, and Central America. The highest-known juniper forest occurs at an altitude of in southeastern Tibet and the northern Himalayas, creating one of the highest tree lines on earth. Description Junipers vary in size and shape from tall trees, tall, to columnar or low-spreading shrubs with long, trailing branches. They are evergreen with needle-like and/or scale-like leaves. They can be either monoecious or dioecious. The female seed cones are very distinctive, with fleshy, fruit-like coalescing scales which fuse together to form a berrylike structure (galbulus), long, with one to 12 unwinged, hard-shelled seeds. In some species, these "berries" are red-brown or orange, but in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larix Griffithii
''Larix griffithii'', the Sikkim larch, is a species of larch, native to the eastern Himalaya in easternmost Nepal, Sikkim, western Bhutan, and (in some interpretations) southwestern China ( Xizang, Yunnan). It grows at in altitude. It is sometimes called the Himalayan larch, not to be confused with '' Larix potaninii var. himalaica'', which is generally known as the 'Langtang larch'. Description It is a medium-sized deciduous coniferous tree reaching tall, with a trunk up to in diameter. The crown is slender conic; the main branches are level to upswept, the side branchlets pendulous from them. The shoots are dimorphic, with growth divided into long shoots (typically long) and bearing several buds, and short shoots only long with only a single bud. The leaves are needle-like, light glaucous green, long; they turn bright yellow to orange before they fall in the autumn, leaving the pale yellow-brown shoots bare until the next spring. The cones are erect, ovoid-conic, lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abies Spectabilis
''Abies spectabilis'', the East Himalayan fir, is a conifer species in the family Pinaceae and the genus ''Abies''. It is sometimes held to include the Bhutan fir (''A. densa'') as a variety. It is found in Afghanistan, China (Tibet), northern India, Nepal, and Pakistan. It is a large tree, up to tall. ''Abies spectabilis'' has a wide distribution, but it has suffered from logging and deforestation, especially at the lower elevations. In 2011, IUCN assessed it as "Near Threatened A near-threatened species is a species which has been Conservation status, categorized as "Near Threatened" (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as that may be vulnerable to Endangered species, endangerment in the ne ...". ''Abies Spectabilis'' occurs most commonly in mountains between 1600 and 4000 meters high, especially in the Himalayas. While it does appear in strips of its kind, it is more common to find an ''Abies Spectabilis'' around other similar trees, such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
