|
Early Chinese Texts
Many early Chinese literature, Chinese texts were composed before the End of the Han dynasty in 220 CE. They involved numerous Confucian classics, such as the Four Books and Five Classics, alongside poetry, dictionaries, histories and surveys on topics such as mathematics, astronomy, music and medicine, among others. B * Bai Hu Tong, Baihu tong 白虎通, 1 c. CE C * The Kinship of the Three, Cantongqi * Chu Silk Manuscript * Chuci * Spring and Autumn Annals, Chunqiu * Chunqiu Fanlu * Gongyang Zhuan, Chunqiu Gongyang zhuan * Guliang Zhuan, Chunqiu Guliang zhuan * Chunqiu shiyu D * Da Dai Liji * Daodejing * Daozang Wang Bi ben Laozi * Dengxizi * Dong guan Han ji * Duduan E * Erya F * Fangyan (book), Fangyan * Fa yan, Fayan * Fengsu Tongyi G * Gongsun Longzi * Guanzi (text) * Guoyu (book), Guoyu H * Han Feizi (book), Han Feizi * Han shi waizhuan * Hàn-jī * Hanshu * Epic of Darkness, Hei An Zhuan [Epic of Darkness] * Heguanzi * Heshang Gong ben Laozi ji Hesha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Literature
The history of Chinese literature extends thousands of years, and begins with the earliest recorded inscriptions, court archives, building to the major works of philosophy and history written during the Axial Age. The Han dynasty, Han (202 BC220 AD) and Tang dynasty, Tang (618–907 AD) dynasties were considered golden ages of poetry, while the Song dynasty, Song (960–1279) and Yuan dynasty, Yuan (1271–1368) were notable for their lyrics (''ci''), essays, dramas, and plays. During the Ming dynasty, Ming and Qing, mature novels were written in written vernacular Chinese, an evolution from the preeminence of Literary Chinese patterned off the language of the Chinese classics. The introduction of widespread woodblock printing during the Tang and the invention of movable type printing by Bi Sheng (990–1051) during the Song rapidly spread written knowledge throughout China. Around the turn of the 20th century, the author Lu Xun (1881–1936) is considered an influential voi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dong Guan Han Ji
Dong or DONG may refer to: Places * Dong Lake, or East Lake, a lake in China * Dong, Arunachal Pradesh, a village in India * Dong (administrative division) (동 or 洞), a neighborhood division in Korea Person names Surnames *Dǒng (surname) or 董, a Chinese surname *Dōng (surname) or 東, a Chinese surname Persons *Queen Dong (1623–1681), princess consort of Koxinga and mother of Zheng Jing * Empress Dong (Ran Min's wife), wife of Ran Min, emperor of Chinese state Ran Wei *Empress Dowager Dong (died 189), empress dowager during Han dynasty Entertainment * ''Dong'' (film) (东), a documentary film by Jia Zhangke. * Dong Open Air, a heavy metal festival in Germany. * D!NG (previously Do Online Now Guys, or DONG), a YouTube channel created and hosted by Michael Stevens as a segment of the Vsauce, Vsauce2, Vsauce3 and WeSauce channels *General Dong, villain of the 1992 Indian film ''Tahalka'', played by Amrish Puri Other uses * Dong people, an ethnic minority group ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epic Of Darkness
The Epic of Darkness () is a collection of tales and legends of primeval China in epic poetry, preserved by the inhabitants of the Shennongjia mountain area in Hubei. It is composed of numerous Chinese myths relating to the creation of the world, containing accounts from the birth of Pangu till the historical era. It dates back to the Tang dynasty of China. It was translated and published by Hu Chongjun after the discovery of a manuscript in 1982. Like the Homeric epics, the written poem was likely preceded by an oral tradition dating back to at least the Tang dynasty. Wooden copies of ''Darkness'' are said to have survived to the Ming dynasty but none have been found today. History The origin of ''Darkness'' dates back to the Tang dynasty (618–907). At least eight manuscripts have survived today, most of which come from Shennongjia in China's Hubei Province. The tales told in the story have survived in the folk songs of the region. In August 1982, Hu Chongjun was given a songb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanshu
The ''Book of Han'' is a history of China finished in 111 CE, covering the Western, or Former Han dynasty from the first emperor in 206 BCE to the fall of Wang Mang in 23 CE. The work was composed by Ban Gu (32–92 CE), an Eastern Han court official, with the help of his sister Ban Zhao, continuing the work of their father, Ban Biao. They modelled their work on the ''Records of the Grand Historian'' (), a cross-dynastic general history, but theirs was the first in this annals-biography form to cover a single dynasty. It is the best source, sometimes the only one, for many topics such as literature in this period. The ''Book of Han'' is also called the ''Book of the Former Han'' () to distinguish it from the '' Book of the Later Han'' () which covers the Eastern Han period (25–220 CE), and was composed in the fifth century by Fan Ye (398–445 CE). Contents This history developed from a continuation of Sima Qian's ''Records of the Grand His ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hàn-jī
Hokkien, a variety of Chinese that forms part of the Southern Min family and is spoken in Southeastern China, Taiwan and Southeast Asia, does not have a unitary standardized writing system, in comparison with the well-developed written forms of Written Cantonese, Cantonese and Written vernacular Chinese, Standard Chinese (Mandarin). In Taiwan, a standard for Written Hokkien has been developed by the Ministry of Education (Taiwan), Ministry of Education including its ''Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan'', but there are a wide variety of different methods of writing in Vernacular Hokkien. Nevertheless, vernacular works written in Hokkien are still commonly seen in literature, film, performing arts and music. History Prior to the modern era, the main written language of China was Classical Chinese, which has grammar and vocabulary based on Old Chinese used in ancient times. Whilst the written form of Chinese mostly remained static, the spoken varieties of Chinese diverged fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Han Shi Waizhuan
''Han shi waizhuan'' (), translated as ''Exoteric traditions of the Han version of the Songs'', ''Illustrations of the Didactic Application of the Classic of Songs'', or "''The Outer Commentary to the Book of Songs by Master Han''", is a book written in the Western Han dynasty, attributed to Han Ying ( fl. 150 BCE). It is a collection of some 300 anecdotes and stories chosen to highlight the poems of the ''Shi jing'' (''Book of Poetry''). Significance The ''Book of Poetry'', said to have been edited by Confucius, was among the texts suppressed during the Qin dynasty, but survived in four slightly different versions. The version preserved in the Mao family, known as the ''Mao shi'', is the most complete and best known. The version preserved by the Han family, or "Han School", the ''Han shi'', edited by Han Ying, reflects the family tradition of producing a quote from the ''Shijing'' to fit particular situations. The ''Han shi waizhuan'' collects stories or quotations to illustrate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Han Feizi (book)
The ''Han Feizi'' () is an ancient Chinese text attributed to the Legalist political philosopher Han Fei. It comprises a selection of essays in the Legalist tradition, elucidating theories of state power, and synthesizing the methodologies of his predecessors. Its 55 chapters, most of which date to the Warring States period , are the only such text to survive fully intact. The Han Feizi is believed to contain the first commentaries on the ''Dao De Jing''. Traditionally associated with the Qin dynasty, succeeding emperors and reformers were still influenced by Shen Buhai and the Han Feizi, with Shang Yang's current again coming to prominence in the time of Emperor Wu. Often considered the "culminating" or "greatest" Legalist texts, Han Fei was dubbed by A. C. Graham amongst as the "great synthesizer" of 'Legalism'". Sun Tzu's ''The Art of War'' incorporates both a Daoist philosophy of inaction and impartiality, and a 'Legalist' system of punishment and rewards, recalling Han ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guoyu (book)
The ''Guoyu'', usually translated as ''Discourses of the States'', is an ancient Chinese text that consists of a collection of speeches attributed to rulers and other men from the Spring and Autumn period (771–476 BC). It comprises a total of 240 speeches, ranging from the reign of King Mu of Zhou () to the execution of the Jin minister Zhibo in 453 BC. Compilation of the ''Guoyu'' probably began during the 5th century and continued until the late 4th century BC. The earliest chapter of the compilation is the ''Discourses of Zhou''. The text's author is unknown, but it is sometimes attributed to Zuo Qiuming, a contemporary of Confucius Confucius (; pinyin: ; ; ), born Kong Qiu (), was a Chinese philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period who is traditionally considered the paragon of Chinese sages. Much of the shared cultural heritage of the Sinosphere originates in the phil ...; although as early as Jin dynasty, Fu Xuan objected to that attrib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guanzi (text)
The ''Guanzi'' ( zh, c=管子) is an anonymously written, foundational Chinese political and philosophical text. Compiled in the early Han dynasty, earlier, similar versions are suggested to date back to the late Warring states period, with ideas ranging farther back; despite its later dating, it is arguably one of the most representative texts of the concepts of political economy that developed during the Spring and Autumn period. At over 135,000 characters, it is one of the longest early Chinese philosophical texts, originally comprising 86 chapters, of which 76 survive. It covers broad subject matter, famously including price regulation of commodities via the concept of "light and heavy" (轻重). Ming dynasty agricultural scientist Xu Guangqi still frequently cited the ''Guanzi'' and the '' Xunzi''. Classification history Most chapters of the Guanzi deal with government and the art of rulership, but also contains chapters like the Daoistic Neiye. K. C. Hsiao took "Straig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gongsun Longzi
Gongsun Long (250 BC), courtesy name Zibing, was a Chinese philosopher, writer, and member of the School of Names, also known as the Logicians, of ancient Chinese philosophy. Gongsun ran a school and received patronage from rulers, advocating peaceful means of resolving disputes amid the martial culture of the Warring States period. His collected works comprise the ''Gongsun Longzi'' () anthology. Comparatively few details are known about his life, and much of his work has been lost—only six of the fourteen essays he originally authored are still extant.McGreal 1995, p. 31 In book 17 of the '' Zhuangzi'', Gongsun speaks of himself: When young, I studied the way of the former kings. When I grew up, I understood the practice of kindness and duty. I united the same and different, separated hard from white, made so the not-so and admissible the inadmissible. I confounded the wits of the hundred schools and exhausted the eloquence of countless speakers. I took myself to have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fengsu Tongyi
''Fengsu Tongyi'' (), also known as ''Fengsu Tong'' (风俗通), is a book written about 195 AD by Ying Shao, who lived during the later Eastern Han period. The manuscript is similar to an almanac, which describes various strange and exotic matters of interest to the literati of the period, such as cultural practices, mystical beliefs, and musical instruments. Chapters There were originally a total of 30 chapters, but only 10 remain. These chapters were recompiled by the Northern Song The Song dynasty ( ) was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song, who usurped the throne of the Later Zhou dynasty and went on to conquer the rest of the Ten Kingdoms, endin ... scientist Su Song (蘇頌) from the works of Yu Zhongrong (庾仲容) and Ma Zong (馬總). Some fragments of the lost chapters exist as quotations in other Chinese texts.Volumes 36 to 41 of ''Quan Houhan Wen'' (全后汉文) collected these fragme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fa Yan
The ''Fayan'', also known in English as the ''Model Sayings'' or ''Exemplary Figures'', is a Classical Chinese text by the Han dynasty writer and poet Yang Xiong that was completed . It comprises a collection of dialogues and aphorisms in which Yang gives responses to a wide variety of questions relating to philosophy, politics, literature, ethics, and scholarship. Contents The text of the ''Fayan'' is divided into 13 chapters. It is presented in the form of dialogues between Yang and an anonymous interlocutor, whose questions which Yang responds with terse, authoritative pronouncements that rely more on wit and puns than on logical exposition. The style is deliberately modeled on the ''Analects'', and was intended to counter the ideas of the "syncretic" philosophical school, which Yang believed was contrary to the orthodox teachings of Confucianism Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
