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EIF4EBP1
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (also known as 4E-BP1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''EIF4EBP1'' gene. inhibits cap-dependent translation by binding to translation initiation factor eIF4E. Phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 results in its release from eIF4E, thereby allows cap-dependent translation to continue thereby increasing the rate of protein synthesis. Phosphorylation Phosphorylated 4E-BP1 is thought to be a marker of upstream signaling (mTOR) activation. 4E-BP1 has seven phospho-sites, the three most important of which are the initiation site Thr 37/Thr 46, the second site Thr 70, and the final site Ser65. Moreover, phosphorylation of Ser 65 and Thr 70 alone was not sufficient to block the inhibition of mRNA translation by 4E-BP1, suggesting that multiple phosphorylation events must be combined to increase the rate of protein synthesis. Function This gene encodes one member of a family of translation repressor proteins. The prote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EIF4E
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E, also known as eIF4E, is a protein in humans encoded by the ''EIF4E'' gene. eIF4E plays a central role in translation initiation and is involved in regulating protein synthesis. Its activity influences a range of biological processes and disease states, making it an important target for therapeutic development, particularly in disorders characterized by aberrant protein production. Discovery eIF4E was discovered as a cytoplasmic cap binding protein functioning in translation by Witold Filipowicz at al. In 1976. Two years later, in 1978, Sonenberg et al. confirmed Filipowicz et al.’s findings by repeating the same experiments and adding a crosslinking chemical to increase the stability of the mRNA-protein complex. This has been confirmed by numerous scientists in their published articles such as Katherine L. B. Borden, Michael J. Osborne and Katherine L.B. Borden. Structure Most eukaryote, eukaryotic cellular Messenger RNA, mRNAs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KIAA1303
Regulatory-associated protein of mTOR also known as raptor or KIAA1303 is an Signal transducing adaptor protein, adapter protein that is encoded in humans by the ''RPTOR'' gene. Two messenger RNA, mRNAs from the gene have been identified that encode proteins of 1335 (isoform 1) and 1177 (isoform 2) amino acids long. Gene and expression The human gene is located on human chromosome 17 with location of the cytogenic band at 17q25.3. Location RPTOR is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and is somewhat less present in brain, lung, small intestine, kidney, and placenta tissue. Isoform 3 is widely expressed and most highly expressed in the nasal mucosa and pituitary. The lowest levels occur in the spleen. In the cell, RPTOR is present in cytoplasm, lysosomes, and cytoplasmic granules. Amino acid availability determines RPTOR targeting to lysosomes. In stressed cells, RPTOR associates with SPAG5 and accumulates in stress granules, which significantly reduces its presence in lysosome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, Cell signaling, responding to stimuli, providing Cytoskeleton, structure to cells and Fibrous protein, organisms, and Intracellular transport, transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the Nucleic acid sequence, nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific Protein structure, 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called pep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and non-coding genes. During gene expression (the synthesis of Gene product, RNA or protein from a gene), DNA is first transcription (biology), copied into RNA. RNA can be non-coding RNA, directly functional or be the intermediate protein biosynthesis, template for the synthesis of a protein. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring, is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits from one generation to the next. These genes make up different DNA sequences, together called a genotype, that is specific to every given individual, within the gene pool of the population (biology), population of a given species. The genotype, along with environmental and developmental factors, ultimately determines the phenotype ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
