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E-Estonia
e-Estonia refers to the digital society of Estonia, which facilitates its citizens' and residents' interactions with the state through the use of Information and communications technology, ICT solutions. Estonian e-services created under this initiative include e-Tax Board, e-Business, e-Banking, e-Ticket, e-School, University via the internet, the e-Governance Academy, i-Voting, as well as the release of several mobile applications. According to the goals set in Estonia's Digital Agenda 2030, the country aims to assure that high-speed internet is available across the country, the digital government services are the best in the world, and the country's cyberspace is reliable and safe by 2030. History After the Estonian Restoration of Independence in 1991, the country was faced with the necessity to build a new technology infrastructure with very few resources, while trying to catch up with the West as quickly as possible. Most of the existing infrastructure was Soviet legacy; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
E-Governance Academy
e-Governance Academy (eGA, Estonian language, Estonian: ''E-riigi Akadeemia Sihtasutus'') is a non-profit foundation that assists public sector institutions worldwide in digital transformation. The organization was founded in 2002, by a joint initiative of the Government of Estonia, Open Society Institute (OSI), and the United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Development Program (UNDP). eGA is an advisory observer to the Secure Identity Alliance (SIA), member of the Estonian Roundtable for Development Cooperation and partner of the Global Forum on Cyber Expertise (GFCE). Board and experts The foundation is governed by the Supervisory Board that includes researchers, top-level managers, and senior officials of Estonia and the European Union: :et:Siim Raie, Siim Raie, Paul Timmers, Andre Krull, Margus Kolga, and Toomas Hendrik Ilves, the fourth President of Estonia (2006-2016). eGA’s team includes former senior Estonian government decision-makers who have taken pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonia
Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Russia. The territory of Estonia consists of the mainland, the larger islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, and over 2,300 other islands and islets on the east coast of the Baltic Sea. Its capital Tallinn and Tartu are the two largest List of cities and towns in Estonia, urban areas. The Estonian language is the official language and the first language of the Estonians, majority of its population of nearly 1.4 million. Estonia is one of the least populous members of the European Union and NATO. Present-day Estonia has been inhabited since at least 9,000 BC. The Ancient Estonia#Early Middle Ages, medieval indigenous population of Estonia was one of the last pagan civilisations in Europe to adopt Christianity following the Northern Crusades in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
X-Road
X-Road is a centrally managed distributed Data Exchange Layer (DXL) between information systems. Organizations can exchange information over the Internet using X-Road to ensure confidentiality, integrity and interoperability between data exchange parties. The first X-Road iteration was developed and launched by Estonia's Information System Authority (RIA) in 2001. The source code of its central components were released on October 3, 2016 under an MIT License. By February 7, 2018, Finland's and Estonia's data exchange layers were connected to one another. In 2017 Finland and Estonia established the Nordic Institute for Interoperability Solutions (NIIS) to continue the development of the X-Road core. Features According to their web page, "The X-Road is an open source data exchange layer solution that enables organizations to exchange information over the Internet. The X-Road is a centrally managed distributed integration layer between Information Systems that provides a standard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linnar Viik
Linnar Viik (born 26 February 1965 in Tallinn) is an Estonian information technology scientist, entrepreneur and IT visionary. Currently he is a visiting lecturer at University of Tartu, Estonian Academy of Arts and Tallinn University, Partner and Member of the Board oMobi Solutionsand Chairman of the Supervisory Board of EIT Digital. As founder and Programme Director at Estonian e-Governance Academy, he has been advising more than 40 governments on their digital strategy, digital capacities and digital transformation roadmaps. He has been member of the Research and Development Council of Estonia 2001-2017, member of e-Estonia Council 1996-2021. He is also member of the Supervisory Board of SEI Tallinn and member of the Advisory Board of Lisbon Council. Linnar has been member of the Board and lecturing at Estonian IT College since 2000 where he was appointed Acting Rector in 2010. Linnar Viik was founding Member of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology Gover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiigrihüpe
Tiigrihüpe (Estonian language, Estonian for ''Tiger Leap'') was a project undertaken by the Republic of Estonia to heavily invest in development and expansion of computer and network infrastructure in Estonia, with a particular emphasis on education. The project was first proposed in 1996 by Toomas Hendrik Ilves, then ambassador of Estonia to United States and later President of Estonia, and Jaak Aaviksoo, then minister of Education. The project was announced by Lennart Meri, the President of Estonia, on 21 February 1996. Funds for the foundation of Tiigrihüpe were first allocated in national budget of 1997. An important primary effect of the project was rollout of Internet access to all Estonian schools, which effectively ended UUCP usage in Estonia, combined with updating computer labs in all schools to use IBM PC compatible Wintel computers, where Estonian CP/M based school computer Juku E5101, Juku introduced in 1988 was still widely used. Although outdated for 1990s, Juku ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smart-ID
Smart-ID is an electronic authentication tool developed by SK ID Solutions, an Estonian company. Users can log in to various electronic services and sign documents with an electronic signature. Smart-ID meets the European Union's eIDAS Regulation and the European Central Bank's standards for a secure authentication solution. Smart-ID is a Qualified Signature Creator Device (QSCD) that can issue a Qualified Electronic Signature (QES). The Smart-ID app is compatible with both iOS and Android devices and does not require a SIM card. By 2021, the Smart-ID application was launched in the Huawei AppGallery. As of May 2023, Smart-ID has 3,298,969 active users across the Baltic States (Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia). Every month, the Smart-ID processes 79 million transactions. In March 2023, Smart-ID users made an exceptional 85 million transactions. History In November 2016, SK ID Solutions debuted the Smart-ID tool for the first time at its annual conference. In February 2017, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electronic Voting
Electronic voting is voting that uses electronic means to either aid or handle casting and counting ballots including voting time. Depending on the particular implementation, e-voting may use standalone '' electronic voting machines'' (also called EVM) or computers connected to the Internet (online voting). It may encompass a range of Internet services, from basic transmission of tabulated results to full-function online voting through common connectable household devices. The degree of automation may be limited to marking a paper ballot, or may be a comprehensive system of vote input, vote recording, data encryption and transmission to servers, and consolidation and tabulation of election results. A worthy e-voting system must perform most of these tasks while complying with a set of standards established by regulatory bodies, and must also be capable to deal successfully with strong requirements associated with security, accuracy, speed, privacy, auditability, accessib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Data Embassy
A data embassy is a solution traditionally implemented by nation states to ensure a country's digital continuity with particular respect to critical databases. It consists of a set of servers that store one country's data and are under that country's jurisdiction while being located in another country. Purpose Data embassies are regarded as a tool to ensure a government's digital continuity, meaning the survival of critical databases to allow the continuation of government even in a situation where governing from within the country's borders is no longer an option. Among threats that might lead to such situation are natural disasters, large-scale cyberattacks, and military invasion. In the worst-case scenario, a data embassy could enable government to provide its digital services without the national territory under its control. This makes data embassies particularly attractive to countries that have already digitalized their most crucial databases and are situated in the vici ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Digital 5
The Digital Nations or DN (previously the Digital 5, Digital 7 and Digital 9) is a collaborative network of the world's leading digital governments with a common goal of harnessing digital technology to improve citizens' lives. Members share world-class digital practices, collaborate to solve common problems, identify improvements to digital services, and support and champion the group's growing digital economies. Through international cooperation, the Digital Nations aims to identify how digital government can provide the most benefit to citizens. The group embodies minilateral engagement, where small groups of states cooperate on specific topics with a global impact. Members Estonia, Israel, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, and the United Kingdom are the founding members of the D5. In February 2018, Canada and Uruguay joined the group to form the D7. In November 2018, Mexico and Portugal joined to form the D9. Denmark joined as the tenth member of Digital Nations in No ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paramedics
A paramedic is a healthcare professional trained in the medical model, whose main role has historically been to respond to emergency calls for medical help outside of a hospital. Paramedics work as part of the emergency medical services (EMS), most often in ambulances. They also have roles in emergency medicine, primary care, transfer medicine and remote/offshore medicine. The scope of practice of a paramedic varies between countries, but generally includes autonomous decision making around the emergency care of patients. Not all ambulance personnel are paramedics, although the term is sometimes used informally to refer to any ambulance personnel. In some English-speaking countries, there is an official distinction between paramedics and emergency medical technicians (or emergency care assistants), in which paramedics have additional educational requirements and scope of practice. Functions and duties The paramedic role is closely related to other healthcare positions, espe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
