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Dyneins
Dyneins are a family of cytoskeletal motor proteins (though they are actually protein complexes) that move along microtubules in cells. They convert the chemical energy stored in ATP to mechanical work. Dynein transports various cellular cargos, provides forces and displacements important in mitosis, and drives the beat of eukaryotic cilia and flagella. All of these functions rely on dynein's ability to move towards the minus-end of the microtubules, known as retrograde transport; thus, they are called "minus-end directed motors". In contrast, most kinesin motor proteins move toward the microtubules' plus-end, in what is called anterograde transport. Classification Dyneins can be divided into two groups: cytoplasmic dyneins and axonemal dyneins, which are also called ciliary or flagellar dyneins. * cytoplasmic ** heavy chain: DYNC1H1, DYNC2H1 ** intermediate chain: DYNC1I1, DYNC1I2 ** light intermediate chain: DYNC1LI1, DYNC1LI2, DYNC2LI1 ** light chain: DYNLL1, DYNLL2, DY ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Motor Protein
Motor proteins are a class of molecular motors that can move along the cytoskeleton of cells. They do this by converting chemical energy into mechanical work by the hydrolysis of ATP. Cellular functions Motor proteins are the driving force behind most active transport of proteins and vesicles in the cytoplasm. Kinesins and cytoplasmic dyneins play essential roles in intracellular transport such as axonal transport and in the formation of the spindle apparatus and the separation of the chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. Axonemal dynein, found in cilia and flagella, is crucial to cell motility, for example in spermatozoa, and fluid transport, for example in trachea. The muscle protein myosin "motors" the contraction of muscle fibers in animals. Diseases associated with motor protein defects The importance of motor proteins in cells becomes evident when they fail to fulfill their function. For example, kinesin deficiencies have been identified as the cause for Cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Axonemal Dynein
Dyneins are a family of cytoskeletal motor proteins (though they are actually protein complexes) that move along microtubules in biological cell, cells. They convert the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate, ATP to mechanical work. Dynein intracellular transport, transports various cellular cargos, provides forces and displacements important in mitosis, and drives the beat of eukaryotic cilia and flagella. All of these functions rely on dynein's ability to move towards the minus-end of the microtubules, known as Axonal transport#Retrograde transport, retrograde transport; thus, they are called "minus-end directed motors". In contrast, most kinesin motor proteins move toward the microtubules' plus-end, in what is called Axonal transport#Anterograde transport, anterograde transport. Classification Dyneins can be divided into two groups: cytoplasmic dyneins and axonemal dyneins, which are also called ciliary or flagellar dyneins. * cytoplasmic ** heavy chain: DYNC1H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cytoskeletal
The cytoskeleton is a complex, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments present in the cytoplasm of all Cell (biology), cells, including those of bacteria and archaea. In eukaryotes, it extends from the cell nucleus to the cell membrane and is composed of similar proteins in the various organisms. It is composed of three main components: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules, and these are all capable of rapid growth and or disassembly depending on the cell's requirements. Cytoskeleton can perform many functions. Its primary function is to give the cell its shape and mechanical resistance to deformation, and through association with extracellular connective tissue and other cells it stabilizes entire tissues. The cytoskeleton can also contract, thereby deforming the cell and the cell's environment and allowing Cellular migration, cells to migrate. Moreover, it is involved in many cell signaling pathways and in the uptake of extracellular material (endo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DYNLL2
Dynein light chain 2, cytoplasmic is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''DYNLL2'' gene. Interactions DYNLL2 has been shown to interact with DLG4, C12orf40, DLGAP1 Disks large-associated protein 1 (DAP-1), also known as guanylate kinase-associated protein (GKAP), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''DLGAP1'' gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit ..., MYO5A and BMF. References Further reading * * * * * * Further reading * External links * {{gene-17-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DYNC1LI1
Cytoplasmic dynein 1 light intermediate chain 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''DYNC1LI1'' gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * {{gene-3-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DYNC2LI1
DYFM (101.9 FM), broadcasting as 101.9 True FM, is a radio station owned and operated by Nation Broadcasting Corporation, a sister company of TV5 Network Inc. Its offices are located at TV5 Complex, Capitol Road, Camp Marina, Brgy. Kalunasan, Cebu City, while its transmitter and master control facilities are located at Mt. Busay, Brgy. Babag 1, Cebu City. It is considered to be the first Stereo FM station in Cebu City. History 1975–1998: MRS 101.9: Cebu’s Trailblazing FM Station and Pioneer of Most Requested Hits DYNC became Cebu’s first FM station when it launched on February 1, 1975, under the brand MRS 101.9 (Most Requested Song). It featured an adult contemporary format, gaining popularity for its unique programming that played the most requested song every hour—a novelty at the time. The station initially operated from Vacation Hotel Cebu on Juana Osmeña Extension before relocating to the Krizia Building along Gorordo Avenue. 1998–2008: 101.9 Charlie: Ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DYNLL1
Dynein light chain 1, cytoplasmic is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''DYNLL1'' gene. Function Cytoplasmic dyneins are large enzyme complexes with a molecular mass of about 1,200 kD. They contain two force-producing heads formed primarily from dynein heavy chains, and stalks linking the heads to a basal domain, which contains a varying number of accessory intermediate chains. The complex is involved in intracellular transport and motility. The protein described in this record is a light chain and exists as part of this complex but also physically interacts with and inhibits the activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Binding of this protein destabilizes the neuronal nitric oxide synthase dimer, a conformation necessary for activity, and it may regulate numerous biologic processes through its effects on nitric oxide synthase activity. Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been characterized. Interactions DYNLL1 has been shown to interact with: * BCL ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DYNLRB1
Dynein light chain roadblock-type 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''DYNLRB1'' gene. This gene is a member of the roadblock dynein light chain family and encodes a cytoplasmic protein that is capable of binding intermediate chain proteins. Upregulation In biochemistry, in the biological context of organisms' regulation of gene expression and production of gene products, downregulation is the process by which a cell decreases the production and quantities of its cellular components, such as R ... of this gene has been associated with hepatocellular carcinomas, suggesting that this gene may be involved in tumor progression. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * {{gene-20-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DYNC1I2
Cytoplasmic dynein 1 intermediate chain 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''DYNC1I2'' gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-2-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DYNLT1
Dynein light chain Tctex-type 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DYNLT1 gene. Cytoplasmic dynein is the major motor protein complex responsible for minus-end, microtubule-based motile processes. Each dynein complex consists of 2 heavy chains that have ATPase and motor activities, plus a group of accessory polypeptides. TCTEX1 is a dynein light chain involved in cargo binding (Chuang et al., 2005). upplied by OMIMref name="entrez" /> In cancer Cancer is a group of diseases involving Cell growth#Disorders, abnormal cell growth with the potential to Invasion (cancer), invade or Metastasis, spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. Po ... patients, DYNLT1 expression has been linked to both higher and lower survival rates, depending on cancer type. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-6-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
