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Dolos
A dolos (plural: dolosse) is a wave-dissipating concrete block used in great numbers as a form of coastal management. It is a type of tetrapod. Weighing up to , dolosse are used to build revetments for protection against the erosive force of waves from a body of water. The dolos was invented in 1963, and was first deployed in 1964 on the breakwater of East London, a South African port city. Construction Dolosse are normally made from un-reinforced concrete, poured into a steel mould. The concrete will sometimes be mixed with small steel fibers to strengthen it in the absence of reinforcement. They are used to protect harbour walls, breakwaters and shore earthworks. In Dania Beach, Florida, dolosse are used as an artificial reef known as the Dania Beach Erojacks. They are also used to trap sea-sand to prevent erosion. Roughly 10,000 dolosse are required for a kilometre of coastline. They work by dissipating, rather than blocking, the energy of waves. Their design deflects ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aubrey Kruger
Aubrey Kruger (21 July 1935 – 19 July 2016) was a South African draughtsman and inventor. Working life He worked as a draughtsman for the South African Railways and Harbours Administration in East London, Eastern Cape, until 1966. He was then transferred to Durban. In 1973 he moved to East London, Eastern Cape and started a tyre retreading company. In his later years he worked as a draughtsman for an architectural company. After that he became a truss designer for a timber company. Invention Eric Mowbray Merrifield is credited for the invention of the "Dolos", a concrete block used to stop coastal erosion. However, Kruger countered that claim by claiming that he was the inventor of the "Dolos" and that he had done so in 1963 after being instructed by the South African Railways and Harbours Administration to find a solution for the sea eroding the harbour. The block is reinforced in a complex shape weighing between 80 and 88 tonnes. It is used all over the world in harbou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Log Jam
A log jam is a naturally occurring phenomenon characterized by a dense accumulation of tree trunks and pieces of large wood across a vast section of a river, stream, or lake. ("Large wood" is commonly defined to be pieces of wood more than in diameter and more than long.) Log jams in rivers and streams often span the entirety of the water's surface from bank to bank. Log jams form when trees floating in the water become entangled with other trees floating in the water or become snagged on rocks, large woody debris, or other objects anchored underwater. They can build up slowly over months or years, or they can happen instantaneously when large numbers of trees are swept into the water after natural disasters. A notable example caused by a natural disaster is the log jam that occurred in Spirit Lake following a landslide triggered by the eruption of Mount St. Helens. Unless they are dismantled by natural causes or humans, log jams can grow quickly, as more wood arriving from ups ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coastal Construction
A coast (coastline, shoreline, seashore) is the land next to the sea or the line that forms the boundary between the land and the ocean or a lake. Coasts are influenced by the topography of the surrounding landscape and by aquatic erosion, such as that caused by wind wave, waves. The geology, geological composition of rock (geology), rock and soil dictates the type of shore that is created. Earth has about of coastline. Coasts are important zones in natural ecosystems, often home to a wide range of biodiversity. On land, they harbor ecosystems, such as freshwater marsh, freshwater or estuary, estuarine wetlands, that are important for birds and other terrestrial animals. In wave-protected areas, coasts harbor salt marshes, mangroves, and seagrass meadow, seagrasses, all of which can provide nursery habitat for finfish, shellfish, and other aquatic animals. Rocky shores are usually found along exposed coasts and provide habitat for a wide range of sessility (motility), sessile ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Engineering
Civil engineering is a regulation and licensure in engineering, professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewage systems, pipelines, structural element, structural components of buildings, and railways. Civil engineering is traditionally broken into a number of sub-disciplines. It is considered the second-oldest engineering discipline after military engineering, and it is defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering. Civil engineering can take place in the public sector from municipal public works departments through to federal government agencies, and in the private sector from locally based firms to Fortune Global 500, ''Fortune'' Global 500 companies. History Civil engineering as a discipline Civil engineering is the application of physical and scientific principles for solv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riprap
Riprap (in North American English), also known as rip rap, rip-rap, shot rock, rock armour (in British English) or rubble, is human-placed rock or other material used to protect shoreline structures against scour and water, wave, or ice erosion. Riprap is used to armor shorelines, streambeds, bridge abutments, foundational infrastructure supports and other shoreline structures against erosion. Common rock types used include granite and modular concrete blocks. Rubble from building and paving demolition is sometimes used, as well as specifically designed structures called ''tetrapods'' or similar concrete blocks. Riprap is also used underwater to cap immersed tubes sunken on the seabed to be joined into an undersea tunnel. Environmental effects Sediment effects Riprap causes morphological changes in the riverbeds they surround. One such change is the reduction of sediment settlement in the river channel, which can lead to scouring of the river bed as well as coarser sedime ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sangomas
Traditional healers of Southern Africa are practitioners of traditional African medicine in Southern Africa. They fulfil different social and political roles in the community like divination, healing physical, emotional, and spiritual illnesses, directing birth or death rituals, finding lost cattle, protecting warriors, counteracting witchcraft and narrating the history, cosmology, and concepts of their tradition. There are two main types of traditional healers within the Nguni, Sotho, and Tsonga societies of Southern Africa: the diviner (''sangoma'') and the herbalist (''inyanga''). These healers are effectively South African shamans who are highly revered and respected in a society where illness is thought to be caused by witchcraft, pollution (contact with impure objects or occurrences) or through neglect of the ancestors. It is estimated that there are as many as 200,000 traditional healers in South Africa compared to 25,000 doctors trained in bio-medical practice. Trad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knucklebones
Knucklebones, also known as scatter jacks, snobs, astragaloi (''singular'': astragalus), tali, dibs, fivestones, jacks, jackstones, or jinks, among many other names, is a game of Fine motor skill, dexterity played with a number of small objects that are thrown up, caught, and manipulated in various manners. It is ancient in origin and is found in various cultures worldwide. The name "knucklebones" is derived from the Ancient Greece, Ancient Greek version of the game, which uses the Talus bone, astragalus (a bone in the ankle, or hock (anatomy), hock) of a sheep. However, different variants of the game from various cultures use other objects, including stones, seashells, seeds, and cubes. Modern knucklebones consist of six points, or knobs, projecting from a common base and are usually made of metal or plastic. The winner is the first player to successfully complete a prescribed series of throws, which, though similar, differ widely in detail. The simplest throw consists in ei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afrikaans
Afrikaans is a West Germanic languages, West Germanic language spoken in South Africa, Namibia and to a lesser extent Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe and also Argentina where there is a group in Sarmiento, Chubut, Sarmiento that speaks the Patagonian Afrikaans, Patagonian dialect. It evolved from the Dutch language, Dutch vernacular of South Holland (Hollandic dialect) spoken by the free Burghers, predominantly Dutch settlers and slavery in South Africa#Dutch rule, enslaved population of the Dutch Cape Colony, where it gradually began to develop distinguishing characteristics in the 17th and 18th centuries. Although Afrikaans has adopted words from other languages including German language, German, Malay language, Malay and Khoisan languages, an estimated 90 to 95% of the vocabulary of Afrikaans is of Dutch origin. Differences between Afrikaans and Dutch often lie in the more analytic language, analytic Morphology (linguistics), morphology and grammar of Afrikaans, and differ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacks Matatenas Color
Jacks may refer to: * Knucklebones, a game of ancient origin, also known as "jacks" * Jacks (band), a 1960s Japanese psychedelic rock band * Jacks Mountain, a ridge in Pennsylvania, United States * Jacks River, a river in the Cohutta Wilderness Area, Georgia, United States * Jack's, a fast food restaurant chain in the United States * Jack's (store), a value retail chain in the United Kingdom, part of the Tesco Group * South Dakota State Jackrabbits, the athletic program of South Dakota State University People with the surname * Al Jacks (born c. 1935), American professor and college football coach * Banita Jacks, American convicted murderer * Brian Jacks (born 1946), British judoka * Digby Jacks (1945–2011), British trade union official * George Jacks (born 1946), English association football player * Harry Jacks (1908–1994), New Zealand soldier, plant pathologist, lecturer and forester * James Jacks (1947–2014), American film producer * Katrina Jacks (1986–2010 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South African Railways And Harbours Administration
The South African Railways and Harbours Administration (SAR&H) was established on 31 May 1910 with formation of the Union of South Africa by the amalgamation of the four colonial railways and all harbours in South Africa - about 11,000 kilometres of track. It would manage road transport and pipelines in South Africa. It also managed South African Airways from 1934 to 1997. It was reorganised and renamed in 1981 as the South African Transport Services (SATS). In 1990 it became Transnet. History Prior to the creation of the Union of South Africa on 31 May 1910, South Africa consisted of four colonies of the Cape, Orange River, Natal and Transvaal. The formation of the union resulted in the railways and harbours of the colonies being amalgamated under one organisation. The Central South African Railways, the Cape Government Railways, and the Natal Government Railways were all fused by an Act of Parliament. The South African Railways and Harbours Service Act, 1912 made striking by rail ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Associated Science And Technology Societies Of South Africa
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Associated may refer to: *Associated, former name of Avon, Contra Costa County, California *Associated Hebrew Schools of Toronto, a school in Canada *Associated Newspapers, former name of DMG Media, a British publishing company See also *Association (other) *Associate (other) Associate may refer to: Academics * Associate degree, a two-year educational degree in the United States, and some areas of Canada * Associate professor, an academic rank at a college or university * Technical associate or Senmonshi, a Japa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
