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Distributed SQL
A distributed SQL database is a single relational database which replicates data across multiple servers. Distributed SQL databases are strongly consistent and most support consistency across racks, data centers, and wide area networks including cloud availability zones and cloud geographic zones. Distributed SQL databases typically use the Paxos or Raft algorithms to achieve consensus across multiple nodes. Sometimes distributed SQL databases are referred to as NewSQL but NewSQL is a more inclusive term that includes databases that are not distributed databases. History Google's Spanner popularized the modern distributed SQL database concept. Google described the database and its architecture in a 2012 whitepaper called "Spanner: Google's Globally-Distributed Database." The paper described Spanner as having evolved from a Big Table-like key value store into a temporal multi-version database where data is stored in "schematized semi-relational tables."https://storage.goo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Relational Database
A relational database (RDB) is a database based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970. A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a type of database management system that stores data in a structured format using rows and columns. Many relational database systems are equipped with the option of using SQL (Structured Query Language) for querying and updating the database. History The concept of relational database was defined by E. F. Codd at IBM in 1970. Codd introduced the term ''relational'' in his research paper "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks". In this paper and later papers, he defined what he meant by ''relation''. One well-known definition of what constitutes a relational database system is composed of Codd's 12 rules. However, no commercial implementations of the relational model conform to all of Codd's rules, so the term has gradually come to describe a broader class of database systems, which at a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hybrid Transactional/analytical Processing
Hybrid transaction/analytical processing (HTAP) is a term created by Gartner Inc., an information technology research and advisory company, in its early 2014 research report ''Hybrid Transaction/Analytical Processing Will Foster Opportunities for Dramatic Business Innovation''. As defined by Gartner: Hybrid transaction/analytical processing (HTAP) is an emerging application architecture that "breaks the wall" between transaction processing and analytics. It enables more informed and "in business real time" decision making. In more recent reports Gartner has begun referring to HTAP as "augmented transactions." Another analyst firm Forrester Research calls the same concept "Translytical" while 451 Group calls it "Hybrid operational and analytical processing" or HOAP. Background In the 1960s, computer use in the business sector began with payroll transactions and later included tasks in areas such as accounting and billing. At that time, users entered data, and the system proces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apache Cassandra
Apache Cassandra is a free and open-source software, free and open-source database management system designed to handle large volumes of data across multiple Commodity computing, commodity servers. The system prioritizes availability and scalability over consistency (database systems), consistency, making it particularly suited for systems with high write throughput requirements due to its Log-structured merge-tree, LSM tree indexing storage layer. As a wide column store, wide-column database, Cassandra supports flexible schemas and efficiently handles data models with numerous sparse columns. The system is optimized for applications with well-defined data access patterns that can be incorporated into the schema design. Cassandra supports computer clusters which may span multiple data centers, featuring Asynchrony (computer programming), asynchronous and masterless replication. It enables Latency (engineering), low-latency operations for all clients and incorporates Amazon (compa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
YugabyteDB
YugabyteDB is a high-performance transactional distributed SQL database for cloud-native applications, developed by Yugabyte. History Yugabyte was founded by ex-Facebook engineers Kannan Muthukkaruppan, Karthik Ranganathan, and Mikhail Bautin. At Facebook, they were part of the team that built and operated Cassandra and HBase for workloads such as Facebook Messenger and Facebook's Operational Data Store. The founders came together in February 2016 to build YugabyteDB. YugabyteDB was initially available in two editions: community and enterprise. In July 2019, Yugabyte open-sourced previously commercial features and launched YugabyteDB as open-source under the Apache 2.0 license. Funding In October 2021, five years after the company's inception, Yugabyte closed a $188 Million Series C funding round to become a Unicorn start-up with a valuation of $1.3Bn Architecture YugabyteDB is a distributed SQL database that aims to be strongly transactionally consistent across ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NuoDB
NuoDB is a cloud-native distributed SQL database company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 2008 and incorporated in 2010, NuoDB technology has been used by Dassault Systèmes, as well as FinTech and financial industry entities including UAE Exchange, Temenos, and Santander Bank. History In 2008, the firm was founded by Barry S. Morris and Jim Starkey, with Morris serving as CEO until 2015. Originally called NimbusDB, the company name was changed to NuoDB in 2011. Based in Cambridge, Massachusetts,Darrow, Bow"Database superstar Jim Starkey touts NuoDB's new patent."Gigaom. August 8, 2012Alspach, KyleBoston Business Journal. July 30, 2012 NuoDB patented its "''elastically scalable database''", filing in March 2011 and receiving approval only 15 months later (July 2012). In 2012, the firm raised $12 million in venture capital funds.Alspach, Kyle"Database startup NuoDB names backers in $10M roundup."Boston Business Journal. July 9, 2012 In 2013, Gartner listed NuoDB ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MySQL Cluster
MySQL Cluster , also known as MySQL Ndb Cluster is a technology providing shared-nothing clustering and auto-sharding for the MySQL database management system. It is designed to provide high availability and high throughput with low latency, while allowing for near linear scalability. MySQL Cluster is implemented through the NDB or NDBCLUSTER storage engine for MySQL ("NDB" stands for Network Database). Architecture MySQL Cluster is designed around a distributed, multi-master ACID compliant architecture with no single point of failure. MySQL Cluster uses automatic sharding (partitioning) to scale out read and write operations on commodity hardware and can be accessed via SQL and Non-SQL (NoSQL) APIs. Replication Internally MySQL Cluster uses synchronous replication through a two-phase commit mechanism in order to guarantee that data is written to multiple nodes upon committing the data. Two copies (known as ''replicas'') of the data are required to guarantee availability. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CockroachDB
CockroachDB is a source-available distributed SQL database management system developed by Cockroach Labs. The relational functionality is built on top of a distributed, transactional, consistent key-value store that can survive a variety of different underlying infrastructure failures, and is wire-compatible with PostgreSQL which means users can take advantage of a wide range of drivers and tools from the extensive PostgreSQL ecosystem. A CockroachDB cluster consists of a number of nodes that can be spread across failure domains such as data centres or public cloud regions. A cluster can be scaled both horizontally (by adding nodes) and vertically (by increasing the resources allocated to the existing nodes). It can provide high levels of resilience and availability and can be run in a variety of environments such as bare metal, Virtual Machine, VMs, containers and Kubernetes, both in private data centers and in the cloud. CockroachDB gets its name from cockroaches, as they are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MySQL
MySQL () is an Open-source software, open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). Its name is a combination of "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter My, and "SQL", the acronym for Structured Query Language. A relational database organizes data into one or more data tables in which data may be related to each other; these relations help structure the data. SQL is a language that programmers use to create, modify and extract data from the relational database, as well as control user access to the database. In addition to relational databases and SQL, an RDBMS like MySQL works with an operating system to implement a relational database in a computer's storage system, manages users, allows for network access and facilitates testing database integrity and creation of backups. MySQL is free and open-source software under the terms of the GNU General Public License, and is also available under a variety of proprietary software, proprietary licenses. MySQ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL ( ) also known as Postgres, is a free and open-source software, free and open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) emphasizing extensibility and SQL compliance. PostgreSQL features transaction processing, transactions with atomicity (database systems), atomicity, consistency (database systems), consistency, isolation (database systems), isolation, durability (database systems), durability (ACID) properties, automatically updatable view (SQL), views, materialized views, database trigger, triggers, foreign keys, and stored procedures. It is supported on all major operating systems, including Microsoft Windows, Windows, Linux, macOS, FreeBSD, and OpenBSD, and handles a range of workloads from single machines to data warehouses, data lakes, or web services with many concurrent users. The PostgreSQL Global Development Group focuses only on developing a database engine and closely related components. This core is, technically, what comprises PostgreSQL itse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amazon Aurora
Amazon Aurora is a proprietary relational database offered as a service by Amazon Web Services (AWS) since October 2014. Aurora is available as part of the Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS). History Aurora offered MySQL compatible service upon its release in 2014. It added PostgreSQL compatibility in October 2017. In August 2017, Aurora Fast Cloning (copy-on-write) feature was added allowing customers to create copies of their databases. In May 2018, Aurora Backtrack was added which allows developers to rewind database clusters without creating a new one. It became possible to stop and start Aurora Clusters in September 2018. In August 2018, Amazon began to offer a serverless version. In 2019 the developers of Aurora won the SIGMOD Systems Award for fundamentally redesigning relational database storage for cloud environments. Features Aurora automatically allocates database storage space in 10-gigabyte increments, as needed, up to a maximum of 128 terabytes. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CAP Theorem
In database theory, the CAP theorem, also named Brewer's theorem after computer scientist Eric Brewer (scientist), Eric Brewer, states that any distributed data store can provide at most Inconsistent triad, two of the following three guarantees: ; Consistency model, Consistency: Every read receives the most recent write or an error. Note that consistency as defined in the CAP theorem is quite different from the consistency guaranteed in ACID database transactions. ; Availability: Every request received by a non-failing node in the system must result in a response. This is the definition of availability in CAP theorem as defined by Gilbert and Lynch. Note that availability as defined in CAP theorem is different from high availability in software architecture. ; Network partitioning, Partition tolerance: The system continues to operate despite an arbitrary number of messages being dropped (or delayed) by the network between nodes. When a network partition failure happens, it must be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
