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Directorium
''Directorium'' is a Latin word denoting a guide. In the later Middle Ages it was specially applied to Catholic liturgical guides for praying the Divine Office and Holy Mass. Early history In the early fifteenth century Clement Maydeston, likely following foreign precedents, titled his reorganized '' Sarum Ordinal'' the "''Directorium Sacerdotum''". In this way, the words "''Directorium Sacerdotum''" came to be included in the beginning of many books instructing clergy on the form of Divine Office and Mass to be prayed each day of the year. Some of these books are among the earliest products of the printing press in England. The use of "''directorium''" was not specific to England. A very similar work was published at Augsburg in 1501 with the title ''Index sive Directorium Missarum Horarumque secundum ritum chori Constanciensis diocesis dicendarumn'', though it is not the earliest example. This title evidences that a ''directorium'' had to be formatted according to the needs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guide
A guide is a person who leads travelers, sportspeople, or tourists through unknown or unfamiliar locations. The term can also be applied to a person who leads others to more abstract goals such as knowledge or wisdom. Travel and recreation Explorers in the past venturing into territory unknown by their own people invariably hired guides. Military explorers Lewis and Clark were hired by the United States Congress to explore the Pacific Northwest. They in turn hired the better qualified Native American Sacagawea to help them. Wilfred Thesiger hired guides in the deserts that he ventured into, such as Kuri on his journey to the Tibesti Mountains in 1938. Tour guide Tour guides lead visitors through tourist attractions and give information about the attractions' natural and cultural significance. Often, they also act as interpreters for travelers who do not speak the local language. Automated systems like audio tours are sometimes substituted for human tour guides. Tour op ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Breviary
The Roman Breviary (Ecclesiastical Latin, Latin: ''Breviarium Romanum'') is a breviary of the Roman Rite in the Catholic Church. A liturgical book, it contains public or canonical Catholic prayer, prayers, hymns, the Psalms, readings, and notations for everyday use, especially by bishops, priests, and deacons in the Divine Office (i.e., at the canonical hours, the Christians' daily prayer). The volume containing the daily hours of Catholic prayer was published as the ''Breviarium Romanum'' (Roman Breviary) from its ''editio princeps'' in 1568 under Pope Pius V until the reforms of Paul VI (1974), when replaced by the Liturgy of the Hours. In the course of the Catholic Counter-Reformation, Pope Pius V (r. 1566–1572) imposed the use of the Roman Breviary, mainly based on the ''Breviarium secundum usum Romanae Curiae'', on the Latin Church of the Catholic Church. Exceptions are the Benedictines and Dominican Order, Dominicans, who have breviaries of their own, and two surviving ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dominical Letter
Dominical letters or Sunday letters are a method used to determine the day of the week for particular dates. When using this method, each year is assigned a letter (or pair of letters for leap years) depending on which day of the week the year starts with. The Dominical letter for the current year 2025 is E. Dominical letters are derived from the Roman practice of marking the repeating sequence of eight letters A–H (commencing with A on January 1) on stone calendars to indicate each day's position in the eight-day market week ('' nundinae''). The word is derived from the number nine due to their practice of inclusive counting. After the introduction of Christianity a similar sequence of seven letters A–G was added alongside, again commencing with January 1. The dominical letter marks the Sundays. Nowadays they are used primarily as part of the computus, which is the method of calculating the date of Easter. A common year is assigned a single dominical letter, indicating which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulysse Chevalier
Cyr Joseph Ulysse Chevalier (24 February 1841 – 27 October 1923) was a French Catholic priest, bibliographer, and historian who specialized in the European Middle Ages. He is principally remembered for his ("Repertory of historical sources on the Middle Ages") and for his critical work on the authenticity of the Shroud of Turin and the Holy House of Loreto. Life and works Chevalier was born in 1841 Rambouillet in the Île-de-France region, where his father was stationed as a military physician. In 1852 the family returned to its hometown in Romans-sur-Isère in southeastern France, where Chevalier pursued ecclesiastical studies and was ordained as a Catholic priest in 1867. Under the guidance of Léopold Victor Delisle, to whom he had been recommended, Chevalier launched a scholarly career focused primarily on the history of the Dauphiné. Chevalier's historical works include studies of the cartularies of the church and of the town of Die (1868), of the abbey of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mabillon
Dom Jean Mabillon , (; 23 November 1632 – 27 December 1707) was a French Benedictine monk and scholar of the Congregation of Saint Maur. He is considered the founder of the disciplines of palaeography and diplomatics. Early life Mabillon was born in the town of Saint-Pierremont, then in the ancient Province of Champagne, now a part of the Department of Ardennes. He was the son of Estienne Mabillon and his wife Jeanne Guérin. At the age of 12 he became a pupil at the Collège des Bons Enfants in Reims. Having entered the seminary in 1650, he left after three years and in 1653 became instead a monk in the Maurist Abbey of Saint-Remi. There his dedication to his studies left him ill, and in 1658 he was sent to Corbie Abbey to regain his strength. He was ordained at Corbie in 1660. In 1663 he was transferred again to Saint-Denis Abbey near Paris, and the following year to the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés in Paris. This was a move which offered wide opportunities for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hittorp
Melchior Hittorp (born about 1525, at Cologne; died there in 1584) was a German Roman Catholic theologian and liturgical writer. His interests included the liturgical forms of early Christianity. Life On the completion of his studies he obtained the degree of Licentiate of Theology, and was appointed Canon at S. Maria ad Gradus. In 1593 he was elected dean of the collegiate church of St. Cunibert. Works At the request of Jacob Pameius, then canon of Bruges and later Bishop of St-Omer, Hittorp published in 1568 "Vetustorum ecclesiæ patrum libri varii de divinis catholicæ ecclesiæ officiis", a work containing various liturgical writings of Isidore of Seville, Alcuin, Rhabanus Maurus, Strabo, Berno, and others. An enlarged edition by Ferrari (1591) was reproduced in the "Magn. Bibl, vet. PP.", X (Paris, 1644). References * The entry cites: **Hugo von Hurter The von Hurter family belonged to the Swiss nobility; in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries three of them were kno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordines Romani
The ''Ordines Romani'' (Latin for Roman Orders, singular ''Ordo Romanus'') are collections of documents that are the rubrics for various liturgical services, including the early Medieval Mass, of the Roman Rite. There are about 50 recognized Ordines Romani. They span many centuries throughout the Middle Ages. The rubrics for the Mass are found in Ordo I, VII, IX-X, XV-XVII. Those for Baptism are found in Ordo XI, XXII-XXIV and XXV. Those for Ordination are found in Ordo XXXIV-XXXV, and XXXIX. Those for Funerals are found in Ordo XLIV. Finally, those provisions that deal with the Dedications of Churches are found in Ordo XLI-XLIII. The oldest is Ordo XI which is from around AD 650 and concerns Baptism Baptism (from ) is a Christians, Christian sacrament of initiation almost invariably with the use of water. It may be performed by aspersion, sprinkling or affusion, pouring water on the head, or by immersion baptism, immersing in water eit .... The current critical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pontifical
A pontifical () is a Christian liturgical book containing the liturgies that only a bishop may perform. Among the liturgies are those of the ordinal for the ordination and consecration of deacons, priests, and bishops to Holy Orders. While the '' Roman Pontifical'' and closely related '' Ceremonial of Bishops'' of the Roman Rite are the most common, pontificals exist in other liturgical traditions. History Pontificals in Latin Christianity first developed from sacramentaries by the 8th century. Besides containing the texts of exclusively episcopal liturgies such as the Pontifical High Mass, liturgies that other clergymen could celebrate were also present. The contents varied throughout the Middle Ages, but eventually a pontifical only contained those liturgies a bishop could perform. The ''Pontificale Egberti'', a pontifical that once belonged to and was perhaps authored by Ecgbert of York, is regarded as one of the most notable early pontificals and may be the oldest to s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rubric
A rubric is a word or section of text that is traditionally written or printed in red ink for emphasis. The word derives from the Latin , meaning red ochre or red chalk, and originates in medieval illuminated manuscripts from the 13th century or earlier. In these, red letters were used to highlight initial capitals (particularly of psalms), section headings and names of religious significance, a practice known as rubrication, which was a separate stage in the production of a manuscript. Rubric can also mean the red ink or paint used to make rubrics, or the pigment used to make it. Although red was most often used, other colours came into use from the late Middle Ages onwards, and the word rubric was used for these also. Medievalists can use patterns of rubrication to help identify textual traditions. Various figurative senses of the word have been extended from its original meaning. Usually these senses are used within the set phrase "under [whatever] rubric", for example, "unde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legendarium
Tolkien's legendarium is the body of J. R. R. Tolkien's mythopoeic writing, unpublished in his lifetime, that forms the background to his ''The Lord of the Rings'', and which his son Christopher summarized in his compilation of ''The Silmarillion'' and documented in his 12-volume series ''The History of Middle-earth''. The legendarium's origins reach back to 1914, when Tolkien began writing poems and story sketches, drawing maps, and inventing languages and names as a private project to create a mythology for England. The earliest story, "The Voyage of Earendel, the Evening Star", is from 1914; he revised and rewrote the legendarium stories for most of his adult life. ''The Hobbit'' (1937), Tolkien's first published novel, was not originally part of the larger mythology but became linked to it. Both ''The Hobbit'' and ''The Lord of the Rings'' (1954 and 1955) are set in the Third Age of Middle-earth, while virtually all of his earlier writing had been set in the first t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psalterium (book)
A psalter is a volume containing the Book of Psalms, often with other devotional material bound in as well, such as a liturgical calendar and litany of the Saints. Until the emergence of the book of hours in the Late Middle Ages, psalters were the books most widely owned by wealthy lay persons. They were commonly used for learning to read. Many psalters were richly illuminated, and they include some of the most spectacular surviving examples of medieval book art. The English term (Old English , ) derives from Church Latin. The source term is , which is simply the name of the Book of Psalms (in secular Latin, it is the term for a stringed instrument, from ''psalterion''). The Book of Psalms contains the bulk of the Liturgy of the Hours, Divine Office of the Roman Catholic Church. The other books associated with it were the Lectionary, the Antiphonary, and Responsoriale, and the Hymnary. In Late Modern English, ''psalter'' has mostly ceased to refer to the Book of Psalms (as th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chapel
A chapel (from , a diminutive of ''cappa'', meaning "little cape") is a Christianity, Christian place of prayer and worship that is usually relatively small. The term has several meanings. First, smaller spaces inside a church that have their own altar are often called chapels; the Lady chapel is a common type of these. Second, a chapel is a place of worship, sometimes Interfaith worship spaces, interfaith, that is part of a building, complex, or vessel with some other main purpose, such as a school, college, hospital, palace or large aristocratic house, castle, barracks, prison, funeral home, hotel, airport, or military or commercial ship. Third, chapels are small places of worship, built as satellite sites by a church or monastery, for example in remote areas; these are often called a chapel of ease. A feature of all these types is that often no clergy are permanently resident or specifically attached to the chapel. For historical reasons, ''chapel'' is also often the term u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
