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Dinkus
In typography, a dinkus is a typographic symbol which often consists of three spaced asterisks or bullet (typography), bullets in a horizontal row, i.e. or . The symbol has a variety of uses, and it usually denotes an intentional omission or a logical "break" of varying degree in a written work. This latter use is similar to a subsection (typography), subsection, and it indicates to the reader that the subsequent text should be re-contextualized. When used this way, the dinkus typically appears Typographic alignment#Centered, centrally aligned on a line of its own with vertical spacing before and after the symbol. The dinkus has been in use in various forms since . Historically, the dinkus was often represented as an asterism (typography), asterism, , though this use has fallen out of favor and is now nearly obsolete. Etymology The word was coined by an artist on the Australian periodical, The Bulletin (Australian periodical), ''The Bulletin'', in the 1920s and is derived from ...
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Asterism (typography)
In typography, an asterism, , is a typographic symbol consisting of three asterisks placed in a triangle, which is used for a variety of purposes. The name originates from the astronomy, astronomical term for a Asterism (astronomy), group of stars.From the Greek ''astēr'' (star) Alexander Humez, Nicholas D. Humez (2008). ''On the Dot: The Speck That Changed the World'', p. 72 & 186n. . The asterism was originally used as a type of dinkus in typography, though increasingly rarely. It can also be used to mean "untitled" or author or title withheld as seen, for example, in some editions of ''Album for the Young'' by composer Robert Schumann (№ 21, 26, and 30). In meteorology, an asterism in a station model plot indicates moderate snowfall. Dinkus A dinkus is a typographical device to divide text, such as at Section (typography)#Flourished section breaks, section breaks. Its purpose is to "indicate minor breaks in text", to call attention to a passage, or to separate sub-cha ...
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Asterisk
The asterisk ( ), from Late Latin , from Ancient Greek , , "little star", is a Typography, typographical symbol. It is so called because it resembles a conventional image of a star (heraldry), heraldic star. Computer scientists and Mathematician, mathematicians often vocalize it as star (as, for example, in ''the A* search algorithm'' or ''C*-algebra''). An asterisk is usually five- or six-pointed in printing, print and six- or eight-pointed when handwritten, though more complex forms exist. Its most common use is to call out a footnote. It is also often used to censor offensive words. In computer science, the asterisk is commonly used as a wildcard character, or to denote pointer (computer programming), pointers, repetition, or multiplication. History The asterisk was already in use as a symbol in ice age Cave painting, cave paintings. There is also a two-thousand-year-old character used by Aristarchus of Samothrace called the , , which he used when proofreading Homeri ...
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Bullet (typography)
In typography, a bullet or bullet point, , is a typographical symbol or glyph used to introduce items in a list. For example: * Monica * Erica * Rita * Tina * Sandra * Mary * Jessica The bullet symbol may take any of a variety of shapes, such as circular, square, diamond or arrow. Typical word processor software offers a wide selection of shapes and colors. Several regular symbols, such as (asterisk), (hyphen), ( period), and even (lowercase Latin letter O), are conventionally used in ASCII-only text or other environments where bullet characters are not available. Historically, the index symbol (representing a hand with a pointing index finger) was popular for similar uses. Lists made with bullets are called bulleted lists. The HTML element name for a bulleted list is " unordered list", because the list items are not arranged in numerical order (as they would be in a numbered list). "Bullet points" Items—known as "bullet points"—may be short phrases, ...
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Esperanto Braille
The Esperanto language has a dedicated braille alphabet. One Esperanto braille magazine, ''Esperanta Ligilo'', has been published since 1904, and another, ''Aŭroro'', since 1920. Alphabet The basic braille alphabet is extended for the print letters with diacritics. The circumflex The circumflex () is a diacritic in the Latin and Greek scripts that is also used in the written forms of many languages and in various romanization and transcription schemes. It received its English name from "bent around"a translation of ... is marked by adding dot 6 (lower right) to the base letter: ''ĉ'', ''ĝ'', ''ĥ'', ''ĵ'', ''ŝ''. Therefore, the letter ''ĵ'' has the same form as the unused French/English Braille letter ''w''; to write a ''w'' in a foreign name, dot 3 is added: ''w'' (see next section). Esperanto ''ŭ'' is made by reflecting ''u'', so that dot 1 becomes dot 4: ''ŭ''. The alphabet is thus as follows. Contracted braille is in limited use.''Esperanta st ...
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Dingbat
In typography, a dingbat (sometimes more formally known as a printer's ornament or printer's character) is an ornament, specifically, a glyph used in typesetting, often employed to create box frames (similar to box-drawing characters), or as a dinkus (section divider). Some of the dingbat symbols have been used as signature marks or used in bookbinding to order sections. In the computer industry, a dingbat font or pi font is a computer font that has symbols and shapes located at the code points normally designated for alphabetical or numeric characters. This practice was necessitated by the limited number of code points available in 20th century operating systems. Modern computer fonts containing dingbats are based on Unicode encoding, which has unique code points for dingbat glyphs. Examples Examples of characters included in Unicode ( ITC Zapf Dingbats series 100 and others): Dingbats Unicode block Unicode provides code points for many commonly used dingbats, a ...
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Painted Veil Page 68
Paint is a material or mixture that, when applied to a solid material and allowed to dry, adds a film-like layer. As art, this is used to create an image or images known as a painting. Paint can be made in many colors and types. Most paints are either oil-based or water-based, and each has distinct characteristics. Primitive forms of paint were used tens of thousands of years ago in cave paintings. Clean-up solvents are also different for water-based paint than oil-based paint. Water-based paints and oil-based paints will cure differently based on the outside ambient temperature of the object being painted (such as a house). History Paint was used in some of the earliest known human artworks. Some cave paintings drawn with red or yellow ochre, hematite, manganese oxide, and charcoal may have been made by early ''Homo sapiens'' as long as 40,000 years ago. Paint may be even older. In 2003 and 2004, South African archeologists reported finds in Blombos Cave of a 100,000-year- ...
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Infinity Symbol
The infinity symbol () is a mathematical symbol representing the concept of infinity. This symbol is also called a ''lemniscate'', after the lemniscate curves of a similar shape studied in algebraic geometry, or "lazy eight", in the terminology of livestock branding. This symbol was first used mathematically by John Wallis in the 17th century, although it has a longer history of other uses. In mathematics, it often refers to infinite processes ( potential infinity) rather than infinite values ( actual infinity). It has other related technical meanings, such as the use of long-lasting paper in bookbinding, and has been used for its symbolic value of the infinite in modern mysticism and literature. It is a common element of graphic design, for instance in corporate logos as well as in older designs such as the Métis flag. The infinity symbol and several variations of the symbol are available in various character encodings. History The lemniscate has been a common decorativ ...
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Polish Language
Polish (, , or simply , ) is a West Slavic languages, West Slavic language of the Lechitic languages, Lechitic subgroup, within the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family, and is written in the Latin script. It is primarily spoken in Poland and serves as the official language of the country, as well as the language of the Polish diaspora around the world. In 2024, there were over 39.7 million Polish native speakers. It ranks as the sixth-most-spoken among languages of the European Union. Polish is subdivided into regional Dialects of Polish, dialects. It maintains strict T–V distinction pronouns, Honorifics (linguistics), honorifics, and various forms of formalities when addressing individuals. The traditional 32-letter Polish alphabet has nine additions (, , , , , , , , ) to the letters of the basic 26-letter Latin alphabet, while removing three (x, q, v). Those three letters are at times included in an extended 35-letter alphabet. The traditional set compri ...
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Ellen Wood (author)
Ellen Wood (née Price) (17 January 1814 – 10 February 1887), better known as Mrs. Henry Wood, was an English novelist. She is best remembered for her 1861 novel '' East Lynne''. Many of her books sold well internationally and were widely read in the United States. In her time, she surpassed Charles Dickens in fame in Australia. Life Price was born in Worcester, on 17 January 1814. In 1836 she married Henry Wood, who worked in the banking and shipping trade in Dauphiné in the south of France, where they lived for 20 years. On the failure of Wood's business, the family (including four children) returned to England and settled in Upper Norwood near London, where Ellen Wood turned to writing. This supported the family. Henry Wood died in 1866. She wrote over 30 novels, many of which (especially ''East Lynne'') enjoyed remarkable popularity. Among the best known are ''Danesbury House'', ''Oswald Cray'', ''Mrs. Halliburton's Troubles'', '' The Channings'', ''Lord Oakburn's Daughte ...
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German Literature
German literature () comprises those literature, literary texts written in the German language. This includes literature written in Germany, Austria, the German parts of Switzerland and Belgium, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, South Tyrol in Italy and to a lesser extent works of the German diaspora. German literature of the modern period is mostly in Standard German, but there are some currents of literature influenced to a greater or lesser degree by German dialects, dialects (e.g. Alemannic literature, Alemannic). Medieval German literature is literature written in Germany, stretching from the Carolingian dynasty; various dates have been given for the end of the German literary Middle Ages, the Protestant Reformation, Reformation (1517) being the last possible cut-off point. The Old High German period is reckoned to run until about the mid-11th century; the most famous works are the ''Hildebrandslied'' and a heroic epic known as the ''Heliand''. Middle High German starts in the 12 ...
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James Joyce
James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (born James Augusta Joyce; 2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish novelist, poet, and literary critic. He contributed to the modernist avant-garde movement and is regarded as one of the most influential and important writers of the twentieth century. Joyce's novel ''Ulysses (novel), Ulysses'' (1922) is a landmark in which the episodes of Homer's ''Odyssey'' are paralleled in a variety of literary styles, particularly stream of consciousness. Other well-known works are the short-story collection ''Dubliners'' (1914) and the novels ''A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man'' (1916) and ''Finnegans Wake'' (1939). His other writings include three books of poetry, a play, letters, and occasional journalism. Born in Dublin into a middle-class family, Joyce attended the Jesuit Clongowes Wood College in County Kildare, then, briefly, the Congregation of Christian Brothers, Christian Brothers–run O'Connell School. Despite the chaotic family li ...
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Alice In Wonderland
''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'' (also known as ''Alice in Wonderland'') is an 1865 English Children's literature, children's novel by Lewis Carroll, a mathematics university don, don at the University of Oxford. It details the story of a girl named Alice (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland), Alice who falls through a rabbit hole into a fantasy world of anthropomorphism, anthropomorphic creatures. It is seen as an example of the literary nonsense genre. The artist John Tenniel provided 42 wood-engraved illustrations for the book. It received positive reviews upon release and is now one of the best-known works of Victorian literature; its narrative, structure, characters and imagery have had a widespread influence on popular culture and literature, especially in the fantasy genre. It is credited as helping end an era of didacticism in children's literature, inaugurating an era in which writing for children aimed to "delight or entertain". The tale plays with logic, giving th ...
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