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Dependent Generator
In the theory of electrical networks, a dependent source is a voltage source or a current source whose value depends on a voltage or current elsewhere in the network.I. D. Mayergoyz, Wes Lawson ''Basic electric circuit theory: a one-semester text'' Gulf Professional Publishing, 1996 , Chapter 8 "Dependent sources and operational amplifiers" Dependent sources are useful, for example, in modeling the behavior of amplifiers. A bipolar junction transistor can be modeled as a dependent current source whose magnitude depends on the magnitude of the current fed into its controlling base terminal. An operational amplifier can be described as a voltage source dependent on the differential input voltage between its input terminals. Practical circuit elements have properties such as finite power capacity, voltage, current, or frequency limits that mean an ideal source is only an approximate model. Accurate modeling of practical devices requires using several idealized elements in combinatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ground (electricity)
In electrical engineering, ground or earth may be a reference point in an electrical circuit from which voltages are measured, a common return path for electric current, or a direct physical connection to the Earth. Electrical circuits may be connected to ground for several reasons. Exposed conductive parts of electrical equipment are connected to ground to protect users from electrical shock hazards. If internal insulation fails, dangerous voltages may appear on the exposed conductive parts. Connecting exposed conductive parts to a "ground" wire which provides a low-impedance path for current to flow back to the incoming neutral (which is also connected to ground, close to the point of entry) will allow circuit breakers (or RCDs) to interrupt power supply in the event of a fault. In electric power distribution systems, a protective earth (PE) conductor is an essential part of the safety provided by the earthing system. Connection to ground also limits the build-up of static ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesh Analysis
Mesh analysis (or the mesh current method) is a circuit analysis method for Planar graph, planar circuits; planar circuits are circuits that can be drawn on a Plane (mathematics), plane surface with no wires crossing each other. A more general technique, called loop analysis (with the corresponding network variables called loop currents) can be applied to any circuit, planar or not. Mesh analysis and loop analysis both make systematic use of Kirchhoff's circuit laws, Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) to arrive at a set of equations guaranteed to be solvable if the circuit has a solution.Hayt, William H., & Kemmerly, Jack E. (1993). ''Engineering Circuit Analysis'' (5th ed.), New York: McGraw Hill. Similarly, nodal analysis is a systematic application of Kirchhoff's current law (KCL). Mesh analysis is usually easier to use when the circuit is planar, compared to loop analysis.Nilsson, James W., & Riedel, Susan A. (2002). ''Introductory Circuits for Electrical and Computer Enginee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trancitor
The trancitor as the combined word of a "transfer-capacitor" is to be considered as another active-device category besides the transistor as a "transfer-resistor". As observed in the table shown, four kinds of active devices are theoretically deduced. Among them, trancitors are missing to be the third and fourth kinds, whereas transistors, such as bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and field-effect transistor (FET), were already invented as the first and second kinds, respectively. Unlike the transistor switching the current at its output (i.e., current source), the trancitor transfers its input to the voltage output (i.e., voltage source), so an inverse relationship with each other. History The term, ''trancitor'', and its concept were first conceived by Sungsik Lee, a professor at the Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, South Korea, through his article, entitled ''A Missing Active Device — Trancitor for a New Paradigm of Electronics'', in a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Topology (electronics)
The circuit topology of an electronic circuit is the form taken by the Network analysis (electrical circuits), network of interconnections of the circuit components. Different specific values or ratings of the components are regarded as being the same topology. Topology is not concerned with the physical layout of components in a circuit, nor with their positions on a circuit diagram; similarly to the Topology, mathematical concept of topology, it is only concerned with what connections exist between the components. Numerous physical layouts and circuit diagrams may all amount to the same topology. Strictly speaking, replacing a component with one of an entirely different type is still the same topology. In some contexts, however, these can loosely be described as different topologies. For instance, interchanging inductors and capacitors in a low-pass Electronic filter, filter results in a high-pass filter. These might be described as high-pass and low-pass topologies even th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SPICE
In the culinary arts, a spice is any seed, fruit, root, Bark (botany), bark, or other plant substance in a form primarily used for flavoring or coloring food. Spices are distinguished from herbs, which are the leaves, flowers, or stems of plants used for flavoring or as a garnish (food), garnish. Spices and seasoning do not mean the same thing, but spices fall under the seasoning category with herbs. Spices are sometimes used in medicine, Sacred rite, religious rituals, cosmetics, or perfume production. They are usually classified into spices, spice seeds, and herbal categories. For example, vanilla is commonly used as an ingredient in Aroma compound, fragrance manufacturing. Plant-based sweeteners such as sugar are not considered spices. Spices can be used in various forms, including fresh, whole, dried, grated, chopped, crushed, ground, or extracted into a tincture. These processes may occur before the spice is sold, during meal preparation in the kitchen, or even at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Superposition Theorem
In mathematics, a linear combination or superposition is an expression constructed from a set of terms by multiplying each term by a constant and adding the results (e.g. a linear combination of ''x'' and ''y'' would be any expression of the form ''ax'' + ''by'', where ''a'' and ''b'' are constants). The concept of linear combinations is central to linear algebra and related fields of mathematics. Most of this article deals with linear combinations in the context of a vector space over a field, with some generalizations given at the end of the article. Definition Let ''V'' be a vector space over the field ''K''. As usual, we call elements of ''V'' ''vectors'' and call elements of ''K'' '' scalars''. If v1,...,v''n'' are vectors and ''a''1,...,''a''''n'' are scalars, then the ''linear combination of those vectors with those scalars as coefficients'' is :a_1 \mathbf v_1 + a_2 \mathbf v_2 + a_3 \mathbf v_3 + \cdots + a_n \mathbf v_n. There is some ambiguity in the use of the term " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Series And Parallel Circuits
Two-terminal components and electrical networks can be connected in series or parallel. The resulting electrical network will have two terminals, and itself can participate in a series or parallel topology. Whether a two-terminal "object" is an electrical component (e.g. a resistor) or an electrical network (e.g. resistors in series) is a matter of perspective. This article will use "component" to refer to a two-terminal "object" that participates in the series/parallel networks. Components connected in series are connected along a single "electrical path", and each component has the same electric current through it, equal to the current through the network. The voltage across the network is equal to the sum of the voltages across each component. Components connected in parallel are connected along multiple paths, and each component has the same voltage across it, equal to the voltage across the network. The current through the network is equal to the sum of the currents thr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Distributed-element Model
In electrical engineering, the distributed-element model or transmission-line model of electrical circuits assumes that the attributes of the circuit ( resistance, capacitance, and inductance) are distributed continuously throughout the material of the circuit. This is in contrast to the more common lumped-element model, which assumes that these values are lumped into electrical components that are joined by perfectly conducting wires. In the distributed-element model, each circuit element is infinitesimally small, and the wires connecting elements are not assumed to be perfect conductors; that is, they have impedance. Unlike the lumped-element model, it assumes nonuniform current along each branch and nonuniform voltage along each wire. The distributed model is used where the wavelength becomes comparable to the physical dimensions of the circuit, making the lumped model inaccurate. This occurs at high frequencies, where the wavelength is very short, or on low-frequen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lumped-element Model
The lumped-element model (also called lumped-parameter model, or lumped-component model) is a simplified representation of a physical system or circuit that assumes all components are concentrated at a single point and their behavior can be described by idealized mathematical models. The lumped-element model simplifies the system or circuit behavior description into a topology. It is useful in electrical systems (including electronics), mechanical multibody systems, heat transfer, acoustics, etc. This is in contrast to distributed parameter systems or models in which the behaviour is distributed spatially and cannot be considered as localized into discrete entities. The simplification reduces the state space of the system to a finite dimension, and the partial differential equations (PDEs) of the continuous (infinite-dimensional) time and space model of the physical system into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with a finite number of parameters. Electrical systems ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open-circuit Voltage
Open-circuit voltage (abbreviated as OCV or VOC) is the voltage, difference of electrical potential between two Terminal (electronics), terminals of an electronic device when disconnected from any Electric Circuit, circuit. There is no External electric load, external load connected. No external electric current flows between the terminals. Alternatively, the open-circuit voltage may be thought of as the voltage that must be applied to a solar cell or a Electric battery, battery to stop the current. It is sometimes given the symbol Voc. In network analysis (electrical circuits), network analysis this voltage is also known as the Thévenin's theorem, Thévenin voltage. The open-circuit voltages of batteries and solar cells are often quoted under particular conditions (state-of-charge, illumination, temperature, etc.). The potential difference mentioned for batteries and cells is usually the open-circuit voltage. The value of the open-circuit voltage of a transducer equals its e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematical Methods In Electronics
Mathematical methods are integral to the study of electronics. Mathematics in electronics engineering Mathematical Methods in Electronics Engineering involves applying mathematical principles to analyze, design, and optimize electronic circuits and systems. Key areas include: * Linear Algebra: Used to solve systems of linear equations that arise in circuit analysis. Applications include network theory and the analysis of electrical circuits using matrices and vector spaces * Calculus: Essential for understanding changes in electronic signals. Used in the analysis of dynamic systems and control systems. Integral calculus is used in analyzing waveforms and signals. * Differential Equations: Applied to model and analyze the behavior of circuits over time. Used in the study of filters, oscillators, and transient responses of circuits. * Complex Numbers and Complex Analysis: Important for circuit analysis and impedance calculations. Used in signal processing and to solve problems ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
