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Daohugouthallus
''Daohugouthallus'' is a monotypic genus of lichen, known from fossils found in the Jurassic Haifanggou Formation near Daohugou village, Ningcheng County, China. The genus contains a single species, ''D. ciliiferus''. Although ''Daohugouthallus'' shows some relationships to the family Parmeliaceae, it is distinct enough for scientists to suggest its classification into its own family, Daohugouthallaceae. Dated at approximately 165 million years ago, this macrolichen is thought to be the earliest fossil example of an epiphytic macrolichen, indicating it likely grew on gymnosperm plants. Discovery Five specimens of ''Daohugouthallus ciliiferus'' have been found so far. These were collected from the fossiliferous beds of the Jurassic Haifanggou Formation in China (Callovian–Oxfordian boundary interval, Middle Jurassic), a formation which has been dated at between 168 and 152 Ma based on isotopic analyses. More specifically, the site of discovery can be found about 80 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2022 In Paleontology
Flora Plants Fungi Newly named fungi Mycological research * A study on the anatomy of specimens of ''Prototaxites'' from the Heider quarry in Germany and the Bordeaux quarry in Canada is published by Vajda ''et al.'' (2022), who interpret specimens of ''Prototaxites'' as fungi and as rhizomorphs. * Yang ''et al.'' (2022) describe new fossil material of ''Daohugouthallus ciliiferus'' from the Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation (China), providing evidence that this macrolichen inhabited a gymnosperm branch, and name a new family Daohugouthallaceae placed within the class Lecanoromycetes. "Algae" Floral research * Sforna ''et al.'' (2022) report the discovery of bound nickel-tetrapyrrole Moiety (chemistry), moieties preserved within cells of a ~1-billion-years-old eukaryote ''Arctacellularia tetragonala'' from the BII Group of the Mbuji-Mayi Supergroup (Democratic Republic of the Congo), identify the tetrapyrrole moieties as chlorophyll derivatives, and interpret ''A. tetragonal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monotypic
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, a monotypic genus is a genus in the special case where a genus and a single species are simultaneously described. Theoretical implications Monotypic taxa present several important theoretical challenges in biological classification. One key issue is known as "Gregg's Paradox": if a single species is the only member of multiple hierarchical levels (for example, being the only species in its genus, which is the only genus in its family), then each level needs a distinct definition to maintain logical structure. Otherwise, the different taxonomic ranks become effectively identical, which creates problems for organizing biological diversity in a hierarchical syste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ithonidae
Ithonidae, commonly called moth lacewings and giant lacewings, is a small family (biology), family of Pterygota, winged insects of the insect order (biology), order Neuroptera. The family contains a total of ten living genera, and over a dozen extinct genera described from fossils. The modern Ithonids have a notably disjunct distribution, while the extinct genera had a more global range. The family is considered one of the most primitive living neuropteran families. The family has been expanded twice, first to include the genus ''Rapisma'', formerly placed in the monotypic family Rapismatidae, and then in 2010 to include the genera that had been placed into the family Polystoechotidae. Both Rapismatidae and Polystoechotidae have been shown to nest into Ithonidae ''sensu lato''. The larvae of ithonids are grub-like, subterranean and likely phytophagous (plant feeding). Description and ecology Ithonidae are typically medium to large-sized neuropterans. P. S. Welch conducted rese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mimesis (biology)
In biology, mimesis (from ancient Greek μίμησις ''mÃmÄ“sis'', "imitation") is a form of crypsis where living creatures mimic the form, colour and posture of their surroundings to avoid being noticed from their surroundings by predators depending on sight. One view is that mimesis, being a form of crypsis, differs from mimicry, but in English, mimesis is often counted as one of several forms of mimicry.Schaefer, Matthias: ''Wörterbuch der Ökologie'', volume 4, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin 2005. . Zoomimesis Zoomimesis is mimicry of different animals. Examples include various visitor species of ants (myrmecophily), resembling the ants in whose nests they live. File:Extatosoma.tiaratum.hatching.1.jpg, Young ''Extatosoma tiaratum'' stick insect, an ant mimic (adults are phytomimetic) Phytomimesis Phytomimesis is mimicry of plants or parts of plants. Some geometer moths resemble thin twigs in appearance. Stick insects have a body shape resembling ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen Mimesis In Mid-Mesozoic Lacewings
A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. . Lichens are the lifeform that first brought the term symbiosis (as ''Symbiotismus'') into biological context. Lichens have since been recognized as important actors in and producers which many higher trophic feeders feed on, such as reindeer, gastropods, nematodes, mites, and springtails. Lich ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incertae Sedis
or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty at specific taxonomic levels is indicated by (of uncertain family), (of uncertain suborder), (of uncertain order) and similar terms. Examples * The fossil plant ''Paradinandra, Paradinandra suecica'' could not be assigned to any family, but was placed ''incertae sedis'' within the order Ericales when described in 2001. * The fossil ''Gluteus minimus (fossil), Gluteus minimus'', described in 1975, could not be assigned to any known animal phylum. The genus is therefore ''incertae sedis'' within the kingdom Animalia. * While it was unclear to which order the New World vultures (family Cathartidae) should be assigned, they were placed in Aves ''incertae sedis''. It was later agreed to place them in a separate order, Cathartiformes. * Boc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lecanoromycetes
Lecanoromycetes is the largest class of lichenized fungi. It belongs to the subphylum Pezizomycotina in the phylum Ascomycota. The asci (spore-bearing cells) of the Lecanoromycetes most often release spores by rostrate dehiscence. The group is monophyletic In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent co ... (composed only of all the descendants of a common ancestor). Genera of uncertain placement There are several genera in the Lecanoromycetes that have not been placed into any order or family. These are: *'' Argopsis'' – 1 sp. *'' Ascographa'' – 1 sp. *'' Bartlettiella'' – 1 sp. *'' Bouvetiella'' – 1 sp. *'' Buelliastrum'' – 2 spp. *'' Haploloma'' – 1 sp. *'' Hosseusia'' – 3 spp. *'' Korfiomyces'' – 1 sp. *'' Maronella'' – 1 sp. *'' Notolecidea'' – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Icmadophilaceae
The Icmadophilaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Pertusariales. The family was circumscribed in 1993 by the mycologist Dagmar Treibel. It contains 9 genera and 35 species. Description Icmadophilaceae species are usually crust-like to shrub-like in form. Their partner is , which is crucial for their survival. Their apothecia (fruiiting bodies) are typically in form, meaning they have a light-coloured (not ) margin, and are often pink in colour. Some may have stalk-like structures, referred to as . Within these reproductive structures, Icmadophilaceae lichens have unbranched filaments called paraphyses, which are amyloid. The asci, or spore sacs, in these lichens are thin-walled and lack a thickened top section (apical ) but have a thin, amyloid cap at their tips. They are typically cylindrical in shape. Each ascus typically contains eight spores. These spores come in various shapes – ellipsoid, oblong, (spindle-shaped), to cutriform (knife-shaped) †... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobiont
A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. . Lichens are the lifeform that first brought the term symbiosis (as ''Symbiotismus'') into biological context. Lichens have since been recognized as important actors in and producers which many higher trophic feeders feed on, such as reindeer, gastropods, nematodes, mites, and springtails. Lich ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
