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Damin-i-koh
Damin-i-koh (or sometimes referred to simply as Damin) was the name given to the forested hilly areas of Rajmahal hills broadly in the area of present Sahebganj, Pakur and Godda districts in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Etymology Damin-i-koh is a Persian word meaning the skirts of the hills. History The Damin-i-koh was a densely forested and hilly area. Even in the valleys, there was hardly any human interference except for an occasional Paharia village. That was the situation for centuries. There were three groups of Paharia primitive tribes, namely the Sauria Paharias, Kumarbhag Paharias, and the Mal Paharias. They had been living in the Rajmahal Hills, since when it is difficult to trace. They lived mostly in hill tracts. Prior to the arrival of the British, the Paharias led a life undisturbed by the mighty empires reigning in the region. That was mostly the result of their geographical isolation. The Mughals never seem to have conquered the area, possibly because they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santhal Rebellion
The Sonthal Rebellion, also known as the Santhal Rebellion, Santal Rebellion, or Santhal Hool, was a rebellion in present-day Jharkhand against the East India Company (EIC) and zamindari system by the Santals. It started on 30 June 1855, and on 10 November 1855, martial law was proclaimed by the East India Company which lasted until 3 January 1856, when martial law was suspended and the rebellion was eventually suppressed by the presidency armies. The rebellion was led by the four sibling brothers, Sidhu, Kanhu, Chand, Bhairav and Rohansai who was the main leader of the Santhal Tribe and their two sisters Phoolo and Jhano, who were killed in the cause. Background The rebellion of the Santhals began as a reaction to end the revenue system of the East India Company (EIC), usury practices, and the zamindari system in India; in the tribal belt of what was then known as the Bengal Presidency. It was a revolt against the oppression of the colonial rule propagated through a distorte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santals
The Santal (or Santhal) are an Austroasiatic-speaking Munda ethnic group of the Indian subcontinent. Santals are the largest tribe in the Jharkhand and West Bengal in terms of population and are also found in the states of Odisha, Bihar, Assam and Tripura. They are the largest ethnic minority in northern Bangladesh's Rajshahi Division and Rangpur Division. They have a sizeable population in Nepal. The Santals speak Santali, the most widely spoken Munda languages of Austroasiatic language family. Etymology Santal is most likely derived from an exonym. The term refers to inhabitants of in erstwhile Silda in Medinapore region in West Bengal. The Sanskrit word ''Samant'' or Bengali ''Saont'' means plain land. Their ethnonym is ("child of human"). History Origins According to linguist Paul Sidwell, Austro-Asiatic language speakers probably arrived on the coast of Odisha from Indochina about 4,000–3,500 years ago ( BCE). The Austroasiatic speakers spread from Southeast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jharkhand
Jharkhand (; ) is a States and union territories of India, state in East India, eastern India. The state shares its border with the states of West Bengal to the east, Chhattisgarh to the west, Uttar Pradesh to the northwest, Bihar to the north and Odisha to the south. It is the List of states and territories of India by area, 15th largest state by area, and the List of states and union territories of India by population, 14th largest by population. Hindi is the official language of the state. The city of Ranchi is its capital and Dumka its sub-capital. The state is known for its waterfalls, hills and holy places; Baidyanath Temple, Baidyanath Dham, Parasnath, Maa Dewri Temple, Dewri and Rajrappa are major religious sites. Jharkhand is primarily rural, with about 24% of its population living in cities as of 2011. Jharkhand suffers from what is sometimes termed a resource curse: it accounts for more than 40% of Mining in India, India's mineral production but 39.1% of its populati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sauria Paharia People
The Sauria Paharia people (also known as Maler Paharia) are a Dravidian ethnic people of Bangladesh and the Indian states of Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Bihar. They are found mostly in Santhal Parganas region in the Rajmahal Hills. Origins According to Kurukh traditions, when they were driven out of their home in the Son valley, the main group migrated towards Palamu but a smaller group moved down the Gangetic valley till they reached Rajmahal Hills, where they settled mostly in Damin-i-koh. The language of the Sauria Paharias is closely linked to that of the Oraons. Demographics Sauria Paharias are listed as a primitive tribe and have a population of around 45,000 in Jharkhand, with a possible negligible population in West Bengal. They constitute less than 1 per cent of the tribal population in Jharkhand Jharkhand (; ) is a States and union territories of India, state in East India, eastern India. The state shares its border with the states of West Bengal to the eas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mal Paharia People
The Mal Paharia people are a people of India, mainly living in the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal. They are the original inhabitants of the Rajmahal Hills, known today as the Santal Parganas division of Jharkhand. They are listed as a Scheduled Tribe by the governments of West Bengal, Bihar and Jharkhand. They speak the Malto language, a Dravidian language, as well as a poorly-documented Indo-Aryan Mal Paharia language. History During Muslim rule in Bengal, the Mal Paharias were brave warriors who maintained their independence from government control but developed a relationship with local landlords. Under this agreement, Mal Paharia lands were divided into ''tappa'' headed by ''sardars'', who in turn had authority over the ''manjhi'': village head. The ''sardars'' acted as a lawkeeping force among the Mal Paharia in return for which they were given a certain amount of land by the plains people. Passes leading to the hills were guarded by Mal Paharia outposts as well as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santhal Parganas
Santhal Pargana division constitutes six district administration units known as the divisions of Jharkhand state in eastern India. Origin of name Santal Pargana derives its name from two words: "Santal", a major inhabited tribe in the region and Pargana, a unit of administration in Persian language used mostly by medieval rulers. Location Santal Pargana is one of the divisions of Jharkhand. Its headquarters is at Dumka. Presently, this administrative division comprises six districts: Godda, Deoghar, Dumka, Jamtara, Sahibganj and Pakur. History This region is mentioned as Kajangala in different ancient literatures specially in Buddhist literatures. It is mentioned that the Chinese monk-traveller Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang) travelled from Champa (recent Bhagalpur) to Kajangala and then proceeded to Pundravardhana (recent Bangladesh) in the 7th century AD. He says that the northern limit of its territory (means Sahebganj) was not very far from the Ganges. The forests to the so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rajmahal Hills
The Rajmahal Hills are located in the Santhal Pargana division of Jharkhand, India. They were located on the northern margin of the Gondwana supercontinent, and its hills are today inhabited by the Sauria Paharia people whilst its valleys are dominated by the Santhal people. The hills span over an area of . Volcanic activity during the Jurassic resulted in the formation of the Rajmahal Traps. The hills are approximately located at . The Rajmahal hills are named after the town of Rajmahal which lies in the eastern Jharkhand. The hills trend north-south with an average elevation of , from the Sahibganj district to the Dumka district. The River Ganges wanders around the hills changing the direction of flow from east to south. Francis Buchanan-Hamilton travelled through the Rajmahal hills in the early 19th century. He described the hills that seemed impenetrable in a zone where few travellers had been. He wrote that everywhere people were hostile, apprehensive of officials and unw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kajangala
Kajangala (), refers to a territory located near Rajmahal in ancient times, in eastern part of India.Majumdar, Dr. R.C., ''History of Ancient Bengal'', First published 1971, Reprint 2005, p. 64, Tulshi Prakashani, Kolkata, . Extent It was spread across what is now part of Birbhum district in West Bengal and Santhal Parganas in Jharkhand.Roy, Niharranjan, ''Bangalir Itihas, Adi Parba'', , first published 1972, reprint 2005, pp. 99-100, 81-93, Dey’s Publishing, 13 Bankim Chatterjee Street, Kolkata, History The Pali Vinayaka-pitaka fixed the eastern limit of Aryavarta (land of the Aryans ''Aryan'' (), or ''Arya'' (borrowed from Sanskrit ''ārya''),Oxford English Dictionary Online 2024, s.v. ''Aryan'' (adj. & n.); ''Arya'' (n.)''.'' is a term originating from the ethno-cultural self-designation of the Indo-Iranians. It stood i ...) at Kajangala.Majumdar, Dr. R.C., p. 454 References Historical Indian regions Ancient divisions in Bengal {{India-hist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birbhum District
Birbhum district () is an administrative unit in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the northernmost district of Burdwan division—one of the five administrative divisions of West Bengal. The district headquarters is in Suri. Other important cities are Bolpur, Rampurhat and Sainthia. Jamtara, Dumka and Pakur districts of the state of Jharkhand lie at the western border of this district; the border in other directions is covered by the districts of Bardhaman of Purba Bardhaman, Paschim Bardhaman and Murshidabad of West Bengal. Often called "the land of red soil",Rahim, Kazi MB, and Sarkar, Debasish, ''Agriculture, Technology, Products and Markets of Birbhum District'', ''Paschim Banga'', Birbhum Special Issue, pp. 157–166, Information and Cultural Department, Government of West Bengal. Birbhum is noted for its topography and its cultural heritage which is somewhat different from the other districts in West Bengal. The western part of Birbhum is a bushy region, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Permanent Settlement
The Permanent Settlement, also known as the Permanent Settlement of Bengal, was an agreement between the East India Company and landlords of Bengal to fix revenues to be raised from land that had far-reaching consequences for both agricultural methods and productivity in the entire British Empire and the political realities of the Indian countryside. It was concluded in 1793 by the Company administration headed by Charles, Earl Cornwallis. It formed one part of a larger body of legislation, known as the Cornwallis Code. The Cornwallis Code of 1793 divided the East India Company's service personnel into three branches: revenue, judicial, and commercial. Revenues were collected by ''zamindars'', native Indians who were treated as landowners. This division created an Indian landed class that supported British authority. The Permanent Settlement was introduced first in Bengal and Bihar and later in Varanasi and also the northern district of Madras. The system eventually spread all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chhotanagpur
The Chota Nagpur Plateau () is a plateau in eastern India, which covers much of Jharkhand state as well as adjacent parts of Chhattisgarh, Odisha, West Bengal and Bihar. The Indo-Gangetic plain lies to the north and east of the plateau, and the basin of the Mahanadi river lies to the south. The total area of the Chota Nagpur Plateau is approximately . Etymology The name ''Nagpur'' is probably taken from Nagavanshis, who ruled in this part of the country. ''Chhota'' (''small'' in Hindi) is the misunderstood name of "Chuita" village in the outskirts of Ranchi, which has the remains of an old fort belonging to the Nagavanshis. Sir John Houlton, ''Bihar, the Heart of India'', pp. 127–128, Orient Longmans, 1949. Geology Formation The Chota Nagpur Plateau is a continental plateau—an extensive area of land thrust above the general land.The plateau is composed of Precambrian rocks (i.e., rocks more than about 540 million years old). The plateau has been formed during th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Wardle Houlton
Sir John Wardle Houlton was a British civil servant in the Foreign Office who emigrated to Swaziland and served as the President of the Senate from 1967 to 1973. Houlton was born in 1892. His family was from Middlesex and he was educated at the Perse School, and Christ's College, Cambridge. He worked in the Indian Civil Service, in the government of Bihar, from 1933. Houlton emigrated to South Africa in 1950, and then to Swaziland, where he was made a legal secretary. In 1965, he became speaker of the Legislative Council of Swaziland, and two years later he became Speaker of the Senate. He retired from that position in May 1973. Houlton was the author of ''Bihar, the Heart of India'' (1949). For years he wrote editorials in the Times of Swaziland The ''Times of Swaziland'' is a newspaper in Eswatini (formerly called Swaziland). It is the oldest newspaper in Eswatini, having been established in 1897 by Allister Mitchel Miller (1864–1951). References External links * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
