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Cyanuric Chloride
Cyanuric chloride is an organic compound with the formula (NCCl)3. This white solid is the chlorinated derivative of 1,3,5-triazine. It is the trimer of cyanogen chloride. Cyanuric chloride is the main precursor to the popular but controversial herbicide atrazine. Production Cyanuric chloride is prepared in two steps from hydrogen cyanide via the intermediacy of cyanogen chloride, which is trimerized at elevated temperatures over a carbon catalyst: :HCN + Cl2 → ClCN + HCl : In 2005, approximately 200,000 tons were produced.Klaus Huthmacher, Dieter Most "Cyanuric Acid and Cyanuric Chloride" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. . Industrial uses It is estimated that 70% of cyanuric chloride is used in the preparation of the triazine-class pesticides, especially atrazine. Such reactions rely on the easy displacement of the chloride with nucleophiles such as amines: :(ClCN)3 + 2 RNH2 → (RNHCN)(ClCN)2 + RNH3+Cl− Other tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyanuric Acid
Cyanuric acid or 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triol is a chemical compound with the chemical formula, formula (CNOH)3. Like many industrially useful chemicals, this triazine has many synonyms. This white, odorless solid finds use as a precursor or a component of bleaches, disinfectants, and herbicides. In 1997, worldwide production was 160 000 tonnes.Klaus Huthmacher, Dieter Most "Cyanuric Acid and Cyanuric Chloride" Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry" 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi 10.1002/14356007.a08 191 Properties and synthesis Properties Cyanuric acid can be viewed as the cyclic trimer (chemistry), trimer of the elusive chemical species Isocyanic acid#cyanicacid2025-03-05, cyanic acid, HOCN. The ring can readily interconvert between several chemical structure, structures via Lactam#Lactam–lactim tautomerism, lactam–lactim tautomerism. Although the triol tautomer may have aromatic character, the keto form predominates in solution. The hydroxyl (-OH) groups ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyromazine
Cyromazine is a triazine insect growth regulator used as an insecticide to control dipterans and some other insects. It is a cyclopropyl derivative of melamine. The exact mechanism of action of cyromazine against insects is unclear although it does affect the larval and pupal cuticles. In veterinary medicine, cyromazine is used as an ectoparasiticide. It has been used since 1979 in Australia and New Zealand to control and prevent flystrike of sheep by blowfly. The exact mechanism of action has not been determined, but it is non-toxic to mammals and does not target the nervous system. It is not toxic to adult flies, only having its effect on larval forms by disrupting the moulting process. It can give 8-10 weeks protection when applied topically. Because of this it has little effect on existing infestations and is commonly used prophylactically. In 2011 resistance was detected in ''Lucilia cuprina'' to cyromazine from infested sheep that failed to be protected following treatment. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synthesis Of Acyl Chlorides With Cyanuric Chloride
Synthesis or synthesize may refer to: Science Chemistry and biochemistry *Chemical synthesis, the execution of chemical reactions to form a more complex molecule from chemical precursors **Organic synthesis, the chemical synthesis of organic compounds ***Total synthesis, the complete organic synthesis of complex organic compounds, usually without the aid of biological processes ***Convergent synthesis or linear synthesis, a strategy to improve the efficiency of multi-step chemical syntheses **Dehydration synthesis, a chemical synthesis resulting in the loss of a water molecule *Biosynthesis, the creation of an organic compound in a living organism, usually aided by enzymes **Photosynthesis, a biochemical reaction using a carbon molecule to produce an organic molecule, using sunlight as a catalyst **Chemosynthesis, the synthesis of biological compounds into organic waste, using methane or an oxidized molecule as a catalyst **Amino acid synthesis, the synthesis of an amino acid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetrahedron Lett
''Tetrahedron Letters'' is a weekly international journal for rapid publication of full original research papers in the field of organic chemistry. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 1.8 Indexing ''Tetrahedron Letters'' is indexed in: References See also *''Tetrahedron In geometry, a tetrahedron (: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular Face (geometry), faces, six straight Edge (geometry), edges, and four vertex (geometry), vertices. The tet ...'' *'' Tetrahedron: Asymmetry'' Chemistry journals Weekly journals Academic journals established in 1959 Elsevier academic journals {{chem-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organic Synthesis
Organic synthesis is a branch of chemical synthesis concerned with the construction of organic compounds. Organic compounds are molecules consisting of combinations of covalently-linked hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms. Within the general subject of organic synthesis, there are many different types of synthetic routes that can be completed including total synthesis, Enantioselective synthesis, stereoselective synthesis, automated synthesis, and many more. Additionally, in understanding organic synthesis it is necessary to be familiar with the methodology, techniques, and applications of the subject. Total synthesis A total synthesis refers to the complete chemical synthesis of molecules from simple, Precursor (chemistry), natural precursors. Total synthesis is accomplished either via a linear or convergent approach. In a Linear synthesis, ''linear'' synthesis—often adequate for simple structures—several steps are performed sequentially until the molecule is com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reagent
In chemistry, a reagent ( ) or analytical reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or test if one occurs. The terms ''reactant'' and ''reagent'' are often used interchangeably, but reactant specifies a substance ''consumed'' in the course of a chemical reaction. ''Solvents'', though involved in the reaction mechanism, are usually not called reactants. Similarly, ''catalysts'' are not consumed by the reaction, so they are not reactants. In biochemistry, especially in connection with enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the reactants are commonly called substrates. Definitions Organic chemistry In organic chemistry, the term "reagent" denotes a chemical ingredient (a compound or mixture, typically of inorganic or small organic molecules) introduced to cause the desired transformation of an organic substance. Examples include the Collins reagent, Fenton's reagent, and Grignard reagents. Analytical chemistry In analytical chemistry, a reag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thiocyanuric Acid
Thiocyanuric acid is the organosulfur compound with the formula . It is analogous to cyanuric acid (). Cyanuric acid is white whereas thiocyanuric acid is yellow. It can also be viewed as a trimeric thioamide. Structure It is a planar molecular as determined by X-ray crystallography. Like cyanuric acid, thiocyanuric acid forms extended hydrogen-bonded network resulting in a sheet-like structure. This arrangement is relevant to the high melting point of the compound. Synthesis, reactions, applications Thiocyanuric acid precipitates from warm, acidic solutions of thiocyanic acid. A modern synthesis begins instead with a preformed ring: cyanuric chloride reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give table salt and thiocyanuric acid. The compound is mildly acidic, with pKa In chemistry, an acid dissociation constant (also known as acidity constant, or acid-ionization constant; denoted ) is a quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution. It is the equilibriu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrosulfide
Bisulfide (or bisulphide in British English) is an inorganic anion with the chemical formula HS− (also written as SH−). It contributes no color to bisulfide salts, and its salts may have a distinctive putrid smell. It is a strong base. Bisulfide solutions are corrosive and attack the skin. It is an important chemical reagent and an industrial chemical, mainly used in paper pulp industry (Kraft process), textiles, synthetic flavors, coloring brasses, and iron control. Properties A variety of salts are known, including sodium hydrosulfide and potassium hydrosulfide. Ammonium hydrosulfide, a component of "stink bombs" has not been isolated as a pure solid. Some compounds described as salts of the sulfide dianion contain primarily hydrosulfide. For example, the hydrated form of sodium sulfide, nominally with the formula , is better described as . Aqueous bisulfide absorbs light at around 230 nm in the UV–visible spectrum. Using this approach, bisulfide has been de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protective Group
A protecting group or protective group is introduced into a molecule by chemical modification of a functional group to obtain chemoselectivity in a subsequent chemical reaction. It plays an important role in multistep organic synthesis. In many preparations of delicate organic compounds, specific parts of the molecules cannot survive the required reagents or chemical environments. These parts (functional groups) must be protected. For example, lithium aluminium hydride is a highly reactive reagent that usefully reduces esters to alcohols. It always reacts with carbonyl groups, and cannot be discouraged by any means. When an ester must be reduced in the presence of a carbonyl, hydride attack on the carbonyl must be prevented. One way to do so converts the carbonyl into an acetal, which does not react with hydrides. The acetal is then called a protecting group for the carbonyl. After the hydride step is complete, aqueous acid removes the acetal, restoring the carbonyl. This step i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DIPEA
''N'',''N''-Diisopropylethylamine, or Hünig's base, is an organic compound that is a tertiary amine. It is named after the German chemist . It is used in organic chemistry as a non-nucleophilic base. It is commonly abbreviated as DIPEA, DIEA, or ''i''-Pr2NEt. Structure DIPEA consists of a central nitrogen atom that is bonded to an ethyl group and two isopropyl groups. A lone pair of electrons resides on the nitrogen atom, which can react with electrophiles. However, the three alkyl groups on the nitrogen atom create steric hindrance, so only small electrophiles such as protons can react with the nitrogen lone pair. Occurrence and preparation DIPEA is commercially available. It is traditionally prepared by the alkylation of diisopropylamine with diethyl sulfate. Pure DIPEA exists as a colorless liquid, although commercial samples can be slightly yellow. If necessary, the compound can be purified by distillation from potassium hydroxide or calcium hydride. Uses and react ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dendrimer
Dendrimers are highly ordered, Branching (polymer chemistry), branched molecules, polymeric molecules. Synonymous terms for dendrimer include arborols and cascade molecules. Typically, dendrimers are symmetric about the core, and often adopt a spherical three-dimensional morphology. The word dendron is also encountered frequently. A dendron usually contains a single chemically addressable group called the focal point or core. The difference between dendrons and dendrimers is illustrated in the top figure, but the terms are typically encountered interchangeably. The first dendrimers were made by #Divergent methods, divergent synthesis approaches by Fritz Vögtle in 1978, R.G. Denkewalter at Allied Corporation in 1981, Donald Tomalia at Dow Chemical in 1983 and in 1985, and by George R. Newkome in 1985. In 1990 a #Convergent methods, convergent synthetic approach was introduced by Craig Hawker and Jean Fréchet. Dendrimer popularity then greatly increased, resulting in more tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
