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Cultural Catholic
Cultural Christians are those who received Christian values or appreciate Christian culture. They may be non-practicing Christians, non-theists, apatheists, transtheists, deists, pantheists, or atheists. These individuals may identify as culturally Christian because of family background, personal experiences, or the social and cultural environment in which they grew up. Contrasting terms are "practicing Christian", "biblical Christian", "committed Christian", or "believing Christian". The term "cultural Christian" may be specified further by Christian denomination, e.g. "cultural Catholic", "cultural Lutheran", and "cultural Anglican". Usage Belarus The President of Belarus, Alexander Lukashenko, has identified as cultural Christian, calling himself an " Orthodox atheist" in one of his interviews. France French Deists of the 18th and early 19th centuries include Napoleon. The current President of France, Emmanuel Macron, identified himself as an " Agnostic Catholic". ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Values
Christian values historically refers to values derived from the teachings of Jesus Christ. The term has various applications and meanings, and specific definitions can vary widely between denominations, geographical locations, historical contexts, and different schools of thought. Christian values also relate to the Christian identity in identity politics. Values Contemporary Christian values are based on the teachings of Jesus in the Bible, including love, compassion, integrity, and justice. They guide how Christians live their lives and interact with others. Some core Christian values include: * Love as the central ethical command * Compassion: A core value of Christianity * Humility: A core value of Christianity * Integrity: A core value of Christianity * Justice: A core value of Christianity Some of the beliefs of modern Christianity include: * Welcoming all to be involved regardless of gender, sexual orientation, race, tradition, etc.; * Recognizing that others follow the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deism
Deism ( or ; derived from the Latin term '' deus'', meaning "god") is the philosophical position and rationalistic theology that generally rejects revelation as a source of divine knowledge and asserts that empirical reason and observation of the natural world are exclusively logical, reliable, and sufficient to determine the existence of a Supreme Being as the creator of the universe. More simply stated, Deism is the belief in the existence of God—often, but not necessarily, an impersonal and incomprehensible God who does not intervene in the universe after creating it, solely based on rational thought without any reliance on revealed religions or religious authority. Deism emphasizes the concept of natural theology—that is, God's existence is revealed through nature. Since the 17th century and during the Age of Enlightenment, especially in 18th-century England, France, and North America, various Western philosophers and theologians formulated a critical reject ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Catholic
The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. O'Collins, p. v (preface). The church consists of 24 ''sui iuris'' (autonomous) churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies around the world, each overseen by one or more bishops. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the one, holy, catholic and apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission, that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles, and that the pope is the successor of Saint Peter, upo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benedetto Croce
Benedetto Croce, ( , ; 25 February 1866 – 20 November 1952) was an Italian idealist philosopher, historian, and politician who wrote on numerous topics, including philosophy, history, historiography, and aesthetics. A Cultural liberalism, political liberal in most regards, he formulated a distinction between liberalism (as support for civil liberties) and "liberism" (as support for ''laissez-faire'' economics and capitalism). Croce had considerable influence on other Italian intellectuals, from Marxists to Italian fascists, such as Antonio Gramsci and Giovanni Gentile, respectively. He had a long career in the Italian Parliament, joining the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy in 1910, serving through Fascism and the Second World War before being elected to the Constituent Assembly of Italy, Constituent Assembly as a Liberal. In the 1948 Italian general election, 1948 general election he was elected to the Senate of the Republic (Italy), new republican Senate and served there until ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calvinism
Reformed Christianity, also called Calvinism, is a major branch of Protestantism that began during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. In the modern day, it is largely represented by the Continental Reformed Christian, Presbyterian, Congregational, and Waldensians traditions, as well as parts of the Methodist, Anglican (known as "Episcopal" in some regions) and Baptist traditions. Reformed theology emphasizes the authority of the Bible and the sovereignty of God, as well as covenant theology, a framework for understanding the Bible based on God's covenants with people. Reformed churches emphasize simplicity in worship. Several forms of ecclesiastical polity are exercised by Reformed churches, including presbyterian, congregational, and some episcopal. Articulated by John Calvin, the Reformed faith holds to a spiritual (pneumatic) presence of Christ in the Lord's Supper. Emerging in the 16th century, the Reformed tradition developed over several genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
He Guanghu
He Guanghu (born 1950; ) is a Chinese scholar of philosophy of religion and Christian theology. He is considered one of the leading "cultural Christians" in China, intellectuals who see Christian culture as a key to rebuilding Chinese civilization. Biography Born in Guiyang, he was sent to the countryside to work during the Cultural Revolution. After the resumption of tertiary education in China in the late 1970s, he pursued studies in religion, completing a PhD in 1989 from the Institute of World Religions, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. He was a researcher at the Institute of World Religions from 1989 to 2001, and was a Professor of Religious Studies in the School of Philosophy at Renmin University of China from 2001 until his retirement. He is considered one of the leading "cultural Christians" in China. He has argued for Christianity's significance in the religious pluralism of China, and for the importance of Christian theology articulated in one's mother tongue. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liu Xiaofeng (academic)
Liu Xiaofeng (; born 1956) is a Chinese scholar and a professor at Renmin University of China. He has been considered the prototypical example of a cultural Christian (), a believer who may lack a specific church identification or affiliation, and was, along with He Guanghu, one of the main forerunners of the academic field of Sino-Christian Theology (). Biography Liu Xiaofeng was born to a petite bourgeois family in Chongqing, China, in 1956. After graduating from high school, Liu was sent to labor in a nearby village as part of the Down to the Countryside Movement. He completed his Bachelor of Arts degree in German language and literature at Sichuan International Studies University before beginning his Master of Arts in aesthetics at Peking University in 1982, completing it in 1985. At Peking University, Liu's studies focused on German philosophy. Liu's earliest academic writing focused on German Romanticism. He later received a scholarship to study at the Universit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harvard University Asia Center
The Harvard University Asia Center is an interdisciplinary research and education unit of Harvard University, established on July 1, 1997, with the goal of "driving varied programs focusing on international relations in Asia and comparative studies of Asian countries and regions (...) and supplementing other Asia-related programs and institutes and the University and providing a focal point for interaction and exchange on topics of common interest for the Harvard community and Asian intellectual, political, and business circles," according to its charter. The Asia Center facilitates the scholarly study of Asian studies by coordinating activities which are spread across the University's departments and schools, and by integrating many disciplines. Among the areas which are covered are history, culture, economics, politics, diplomacy, security, and its relationships. Thus, the main emphasis of the Asia Center rests on human and social sciences, with the principal involvement of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of China (1912–1949)
The Republic of China (ROC) began on 1 January 1912 as a sovereign state in mainland China following the 1911 Revolution, which overthrew the Manchu people, Manchu-led Qing dynasty and ended China's imperial China, imperial history. From 1927, the Kuomintang (KMT) Northern expedition, reunified the country and initially ruled it as a one-party state with Nanjing as the national capital. In 1949, Nationalist government, the KMT-led government was defeated in the Chinese Civil War and lost control of the mainland to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The CCP Proclamation of the People's Republic of China, established the People's Republic of China (PRC) while the ROC was forced to Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan, retreat to Taiwan; the ROC retains control over the Taiwan Area, and political status of Taiwan, its political status remains disputed. The ROC is recorded as a founding member of both the League of Nations and the United Nations, and previous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Local
''The Local'' is a multi-regional, European digital news publisher targeting expats, labour migrants and second home owners. It has nine local editions: The Local Austria, The Local Denmark, The Local France, The Local Germany, The Local Italy, The Local Norway, The Local Spain, The Local Sweden and The Local Switzerland. Each site, while alike in appearance, has separate editorial teams, each focused on its respective market. The parent company The Local Europe AB, has its headquarters in Stockholm Stockholm (; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, most populous city of Sweden, as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in the Nordic countries. Approximately ..., Sweden. History ''The Local'' was founded in Stockholm in 2004 by Paul Rapacioli, formerly a director of reed.co.uk and managing editor James Savage, formerly a radio journalist and PR consultant. Rapacioli was managing director fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Agnosticism
Christian agnosticism, or agnostic Christianity, is a theological perspective that blends core elements of Christianity with an agnostic outlook on religious certainty. Christian agnostics generally believe in the existence of God or a higher power and affirm the divinity or spiritual significance of Jesus Christ. However, they tend to reject the notion of biblical infallibility and express uncertainty about whether Christianity is the one true or fully correct religion or path. While they are drawn to Christian teachings and often identify with Christianity, they acknowledge the limits of human knowledge in matters of divine revelation. This belief system has deep roots in the early days of the Church. History Leslie Weatherhead In 1965 Christian theologian Leslie Weatherhead published ''The Christian Agnostic'', in which he argues: Although radical and unpalatable to conventional theologians, Weatherhead's agnosticism falls far short of Huxley's, and short even of '' we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
