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Ctenacanthiform
Ctenacanthiformes is an Extinction, extinct Order (biology), order of cartilaginous fish. They possessed ornamented fin spines at the front of their dorsal fins and cladodont-type dentition, that is typically of a grasping morphology, though some taxa developed cutting and gouging tooth morphologies. Some ctenacanths are thought to have reached sizes comparable to the great white shark, with body lengths of up to and weights of , while others reached lengths of only . The earliest ctenacanths appeared during the Frasnian stage of the Late Devonian (~383-372 million years ago), with the group reaching their greatest diversity during the Early Carboniferous (Mississippian (geology), Mississippian), and continued to exist into at least the Middle Permian (Guadalupian). Some authors have suggested members of the family Ctenacanthidae may have survived into the Cretaceous based on teeth found in deep water deposits of Valanginian age in France and Austria, however, other authors conten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dracopristis
''Dracopristis'' (meaning 'dragon shark') is an extinct genus of Ctenacanthiformes, ctenacanth (a group of shark-like Chondrichthyes, cartilaginous fish) that lived during the Carboniferous Geologic time scale, period in North America, around Kasimovian, 307 million years ago. The species was discovered in the Kinney Brick Quarry in New Mexico, USA. Like many fossils from the site, the fossils of ''Dracopristis'' are very well-preserved. A single species is known, ''Dracopristis hoffmanorum'', which is named in honor of Ralph and Jeanette Hoffman, the owners of the quarry. Prior to being Species description, scientific named, ''D. hoffmanorum'' was informally referred to as the "Godzilla shark". ''Dracopristis'' possessed large dermal denticles along its head, along with rows of short, Cladodont, multi-cusped teeth in its jaws and very large Fish anatomy, spines on its dorsal fins, the latter of which inspired the name of the genus. The dorsal spines of the holotype, type specim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neoselachii
Elasmobranchii () is a subclass of Chondrichthyes or cartilaginous fish, including modern sharks ( division Selachii), and batomorphs (division Batomorphi, including rays, skates, and sawfish). Members of this subclass are characterised by having five to seven pairs of gill slits opening individually to the exterior, rigid dorsal fins and small placoid scales on the skin. The teeth are in several series; the upper jaw is not fused to the cranium, and the lower jaw is articulated with the upper. The details of this jaw anatomy vary between species, and help distinguish the different elasmobranch clades. The pelvic fins in males are modified to create claspers for the transfer of sperm. There is no swim bladder; instead, these fish maintain buoyancy with large livers rich in oil. The definition of the clade is unclear with respect to fossil chondrichthyans. Some authors consider it as equivalent to Neoselachii (the crown group clade including modern sharks, rays, and all other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cartilaginous Fish
Chondrichthyes (; ) is a class of jawed fish that contains the cartilaginous fish or chondrichthyans, which all have skeletons primarily composed of cartilage. They can be contrasted with the Osteichthyes or ''bony fish'', which have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue. Chondrichthyes are aquatic vertebrates with paired fins, paired nares, placoid scales, conus arteriosus in the heart, and a lack of opercula and swim bladders. Within the infraphylum Gnathostomata, cartilaginous fishes are distinct from all other jawed vertebrates. The class is divided into two subclasses: Elasmobranchii (sharks, rays, skates and sawfish) and Holocephali ( chimaeras, sometimes called ghost sharks, which are sometimes separated into their own class). Extant chondrichthyans range in size from the finless sleeper ray to the over whale shark. Anatomy Skeleton The skeleton is cartilaginous. The notochord is gradually replaced by a vertebral column during development, e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troglocladodus
''Troglocladodus'' (meaning 'cave '' Cladodus or 'cave branching-tooth') is an extinct genus of cartilaginous fish in the family Ctenacanthidae. Remains are known from Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, in limestone Limestone is a type of carbonate rock, carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material Lime (material), lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different Polymorphism (materials science) ... deposits dated to the Mississippian subperiod of the Carboniferous period. A single species has been identified, ''Troglocladodus trimblei'', which is based on isolated teeth. See also * List of prehistoric cartilaginous fish genera References Ctenacanthiformes Prehistoric cartilaginous fish genera Mississippian fish of North America {{Taxonbar, from=Q130711108 Fossil taxa described in 2024 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goodrichthys
''Goodrichthys'' is a Carboniferous genus of ctenacanthiform Ctenacanthiformes is an Extinction, extinct Order (biology), order of cartilaginous fish. They possessed ornamented fin spines at the front of their dorsal fins and cladodont-type dentition, that is typically of a grasping morphology, though some ... from the Glencartholm Volcanic Beds Formation ( Upper Border Group) of Scotland. References Ctenacanthiformes Prehistoric cartilaginous fish genera Carboniferous fish of Europe Carboniferous cartilaginous fish {{Paleo-cartilaginous-fish-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hybodonts
Hybodontiformes, commonly called hybodonts, are an extinct group of shark-like cartilaginous fish (chondrichthyans) which existed from the late Devonian to the Late Cretaceous. Hybodonts share a close common ancestry with modern sharks and Batoidea, rays (Neoselachii) as part of the clade Euselachii. They are distinguished from other chondrichthyans by their distinctive fin spines and cephalic spines present on the heads of males. An ecologically diverse group, they were abundant in marine and freshwater environments during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic, but were rare in open marine environments by the end of the Jurassic, having been largely replaced by modern sharks, though they were still common in freshwater and marginal marine habitats. They survived until the end of the Cretaceous, before going extinct. Etymology The term hybodont comes from the Greek word ''ὕβος'' or ''ὑβός'' meaning hump or hump-backed and ''ὀδούς, ὀδοντ'' meaning tooth. This n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carboniferous
The Carboniferous ( ) is a Geologic time scale, geologic period and System (stratigraphy), system of the Paleozoic era (geology), era that spans 60 million years, from the end of the Devonian Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Permian Period, Ma. It is the fifth and penultimate period of the Paleozoic era and the fifth period of the Phanerozoic eon (geology), eon. In North America, the Carboniferous is often treated as two separate geological periods, the earlier Mississippian (geology), Mississippian and the later Pennsylvanian (geology), Pennsylvanian. The name ''Carboniferous'' means "coal-bearing", from the Latin ("coal") and ("bear, carry"), and refers to the many coal beds formed globally during that time. The first of the modern "system" names, it was coined by geologists William Conybeare (geologist), William Conybeare and William Phillips (geologist), William Phillips in 1822, based on a study of the British rock succession. Carboniferous is the per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladodus
''Cladodus'' is an extinct genus of cartilaginous fishes in the family Ctenacanthidae. As the name implies, they are a type of cladodont, primitive sharks with teeth designed to snag fish and swallow them whole, instead of sawing off chunks to swallow. Fossils of ''Cladodus'' have been found in Barkip, Scotland, Bundock and Laurel Formations, Australia and in the Pitkin Formation (Carboniferous period) in Arkansas, United States. In addition, fossils attributable to ''Cladodus'' are known from the Manning Canyon Shale of Carboniferous age in the state of Utah. Species *†''Cladodus alternatus'' St. John & Worthen, 1875 *†''Cladodus angulatus'' Newberry & Worthen, 1866 *†''Cladodus bellifer'' St. John & Worthen, 1875 *†''Cladodus divaricatus'' Trautschold, 1874 *†''Cladodus elegans'' Newberry & Worthen, 1870 Remains (braincase and a tooth) have been found in Scotland (Clackmannan Group). *†''Cladodus eriensis'' Bryant, 1935 *†''Cladodus formosus'' Hay, 1902 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladodoides
''Cladodoides'' is a genus of extinct cartilaginous fish. It appeared in the Frasnian age of the late Devonian and possibly existed in the Tournaisian age of the early Carboniferous. It has a well-described braincase and brain cavity, and has greatly informed our understanding of the skull, brain, nerves, and jaws of early sharks. ''Cladodoides'' is likely a cladodont This is a typical Cladodont tooth, of a Glikmanius.html" ;"title="shark called ''Glikmanius">shark called ''Glikmanius'' Cladodont (from Latin cladus, meaning branch and Greek Odon, meaning tooth) is the term for a common category of early Devoni ... shark. Remains have been found in Germany. Six pentacuspid teeth, possibly belonging to ''Cladodoides wildungensis'', have been found in the Tournaisian Laurel Formation, Australia. References * Ctenacanthiformes Late Devonian cartilaginous fish Devonian cartilaginous fish of North America Prehistoric cartilaginous fish genera {{paleo-cartilagin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holocephali
Holocephali (Sometimes spelled Holocephala; Romanization of Greek, Greek for "complete head" in reference to the fusion of Palatoquadrate, upper jaw with the rest of the skull) is a Subclass (biology), subclass of Chondrichthyes, cartilaginous fish. While the only living holocephalans are three families within a single Order (biology), order which together are commonly known as chimaeras, the group includes many extinct orders and was far more diverse during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Era (geology), eras. The earliest known fossils of holocephalans date to the Middle Devonian period, and the group likely reached its peak diversity during the following Carboniferous period. Molecular clock studies suggest that the subclass diverged from its closest relatives, Elasmobranchii, elasmobranchs such as sharks and Batomorphi, rays, during the Early Devonian or Silurian period. Extinct holocephalans are typically divided into a number of orders, although the interrelationships of these gro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
