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Cross-bar Switch
In electronics and telecommunications, a crossbar switch (cross-point switch, matrix switch) is a collection of switches arranged in a matrix configuration. A crossbar switch has multiple input and output lines that form a crossed pattern of interconnecting lines between which a connection may be established by closing a switch located at each intersection, the elements of the matrix. Originally, a crossbar switch consisted literally of crossing metal bars that provided the input and output paths. Later implementations achieved the same switching topology in solid-state electronics. The crossbar switch is one of the principal telephone exchange architectures, together with a rotary switch, memory switch, and a crossover switch. General properties A crossbar switch is an assembly of individual switches between a set of inputs and a set of outputs. The switches are arranged in a matrix. If the crossbar switch has M inputs and N outputs, then a crossbar has a matrix with ''M'' × ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telephone Switchboard Cross-switching (Rankin Kennedy, Electrical Installations, Vol V, 1903)
A telephone is a telecommunications device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation when they are too far apart to be easily heard directly. A telephone converts sound, typically and most efficiently the human voice, into electronic signals that are transmitted via cables and other communication channels to another telephone which reproduces the sound to the receiving user. The term is derived from el, τῆλε (''tēle'', ''far'') and φωνή (''phōnē'', ''voice''), together meaning ''distant voice''. A common short form of the term is ''phone'', which came into use early in the telephone's history. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell was the first to be granted a United States patent for a device that produced clearly intelligible replication of the human voice at a second device. This instrument was further developed by many others, and became rapidly indispensable in business, government, and in households. The essential elements of a telephone are a m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RS-232
In telecommunications, RS-232 or Recommended Standard 232 is a standard originally introduced in 1960 for serial communication transmission of data. It formally defines signals connecting between a ''DTE'' ('' data terminal equipment'') such as a computer terminal, and a ''DCE'' ('' data circuit-terminating equipment'' or '' data communication equipment''), such as a modem. The standard defines the electrical characteristics and timing of signals, the meaning of signals, and the physical size and pinout of connectors. The current version of the standard is ''TIA-232-F Interface Between Data Terminal Equipment and Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment Employing Serial Binary Data Interchange'', issued in 1997. The RS-232 standard had been commonly used in computer serial ports and is still widely used in industrial communication devices. A serial port complying with the RS-232 standard was once a standard feature of many types of computers. Personal computers used them for c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AT&T Corporation
AT&T Corporation, originally the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, is the subsidiary of AT&T Inc. that provides voice, video, data, and Internet telecommunications and professional services to businesses, consumers, and government agencies. During the Bell System's long history, AT&T was at times the world's largest telephone company, the world's largest cable television operator, and a regulated monopoly. At its peak in the 1950s and 1960s, it employed one million people and its revenue ranged between US$3 billion in 1950 ($ in present-day terms) and $12 billion in 1966 ($ in present-day terms). In 2005, AT&T was purchased by Baby Bell and former subsidiary SBC Communications for more than $16 billion ($ in present-day terms). SBC then changed its name to AT&T Inc. Today, AT&T Corporation continues to exist as the long distance subsidiary of AT&T Inc., and its name occasionally shows up in AT&T press releases. Buildings with AT&T logo * AT&T Hu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gotthilf Betulander
Gotthilf is a male given name. Notable people with this name include: *Gotthilf Christoph Wilhelm Busolt (1771–1831), German scholar * Gotthilf Fischer (1928–2020), German choir and orchestra director * Gotthilf Hagen (1797–1884), German physicist *Arnold Ludwig Gotthilf Heller (1840–1913), German anatomist and pathologist * Gotthilf Hempel (born 1929), German marine biologist *Gotthilf August von Maltitz (1794–1837), German writer *Gotthilf Ludwig Möckel (1838–1915), German architect * Daniel Gotthilf Moldenhawer (1753–1823), Danish academic * Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst Muhlenberg (1753–1815), American botanist and clergyman *Friedrich Gotthilf Osann (1794–1858), German philologist *Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811), German academic * Gotthilf Heinrich von Schubert (1780–1860), German scientist * Gotthilf Weisstein (1852–1907), German journalist *Johann Gotthilf Ziegler Johann Gotthilf Ziegler (25 March 1688 in Leubnitz – 15 September 1747 in Halle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Televerket (Sweden) Televerket was a Swedish State authority acting as a state-owned corporation (public enterprise), responsible for telecommunications in Sweden from 1853 until 1993. Originally it was named Kongl. Elektriska Telegraf-Werket (literally: Royal Electric Telegraph Agency), which was founded in 1853. Its name changed to Kongl. Telegrafverket in 1871, Kungl. Telegrafverket in 1903, the prefix Kungl. ( en, Royal) was dropped in 1946 and the name was further modernised to Televerket in 1953. Televerket continued on with its telecommunications monopoly until corporatisation in 1993, when it was renamed Telia, now part of Telia Company. History 19th Century Kongliga Elektriska Telegraf-Werket was founded in 1853 when the first electric telegraph line was established between Stockholm and Uppsala, and was the government agency for telegraph services. From 1871 the company was known as Kongl. Telegrafverket. The first telephone network in Sweden opened in 1880, as a result of an initiative b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] |
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