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Cropping (animal)
Cropping is the removal of part or all of the external flaps of an animal's ear. The procedure sometimes involves bracing and taping the remainder of the ears to train them to point upright. Almost exclusively performed on dogs, it is an old practice that was once done for perceived health, practical or cosmetic reasons. Veterinary science states there is no medical or physical advantage to the animal from the procedure,Slatter, Douglas H. (2002''Textbook of small animal surgery''3rd edition. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders (imprint of Elsevier Health Sciences), 2896 pages, , p.1746 leading to concerns of animal cruelty over performing unnecessary surgery on animals. In modern times, cropping is banned in many nations, but is still legal in a limited number of countries. Where permitted, it is seen only in certain breeds of dog, such as pit bull and bull terrier type breeds, the Doberman Pinscher, Schnauzer, Great Dane, Boxer and Cane Corso. History and purposes Historically, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boxer (dog)
The Boxer is a medium to large, short-haired dog breed of mastiff-type, developed in Germany. The coat is smooth and tight-fitting; colors are Fawn (colour), fawn or brindled, with or without white markings. Boxers are Cephalic index#Brachycephalic animals, brachycephalic (they have broad, short skulls), have a square muzzle, mandible, mandibular prognathism (an underbite), very strong jaws, and a powerful bite ideal for hanging on to large prey. The Boxer was bred from the Old English Bulldog and the now extinct Bullenbeisser, which became extinct by crossbreeding rather than by a decadence of the breed. The Boxer is a member of both The Kennel Club and American Kennel Club (AKC) Working Group.http://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/boxer/#standard "Get to Know the Boxer", 'The American Kennel Club', Retrieved 14 May 2014 The first Boxer club was founded in 1895, with Boxers being first exhibited in a dog show for St. Bernard (dog), St. Bernards in Munich the next year. Based on 2013 AKC st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rabies
Rabies is a viral disease that causes encephalitis in humans and other mammals. It was historically referred to as hydrophobia ("fear of water") because its victims panic when offered liquids to drink. Early symptoms can include fever and abnormal sensations at the site of exposure. These symptoms are followed by one or more of the following symptoms: nausea, vomiting, violent movements, uncontrolled excitement, fear of water, an inability to move parts of the body, confusion, and loss of consciousness. Once symptoms appear, the result is virtually always death. The time period between contracting the disease and the start of symptoms is usually one to three months but can vary from less than one week to more than one year. The time depends on the distance the virus must travel along Peripheral nervous system, peripheral nerves to reach the central nervous system. Rabies is caused by lyssaviruses, including the rabies virus and Australian bat lyssavirus. It is spread when an i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puppy Mill
A puppy mill, also known as a puppy farm, is a commercial dog breeding facility characterized by quick breeding and poor conditions. Although no standardized legal definition for "puppy mill" exists, a definition was established in ''Avenson v. Zegart'' in 1984 as "a dog breeding operation in which the health of the dogs is disregarded to maintain a low overhead and maximize profits". They are cited as being a result of increased demand for household pets, especially after World War II. The Veterinary Medical Association of the Humane Society of the United States defines the main characteristics of a puppy mill as "emphasis on quantity over quality, indiscriminate breeding, continuous confinement, lack of human contact and environmental enrichment, poor husbandry, and minimal to no veterinary care." There are an estimated 10,000 licensed and unlicensed puppy mills in the United States, in total selling more than 2,000,000 puppies annually. In these puppy mills, breeding dogs are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Docking (dog)
Docking or bobbing is the amputation, removal of portions of an animal's tail. It should not be confused with cropping (animal), ''cropping'', the amputation of ears. Tail docking may be performed cutting the tail with surgical scissors (or a scalpel) or constricting the blood supply to the tail with a rubber ligature (medicine), ligature for a few days until the tail falls off. The length to which tails are docked varies by breed, and is often specified in the breed standard. Docking is illegal, or restricted, in many countries. Some dog breeds have Natural bobtail, naturally occurring bobtail lines. These appear similar to docked dogs but are a distinct naturally occurring phenotype. History Purpose Historically, tail docking was thought to prevent rabies, strengthen the back, increase the animal's speed, and prevent injuries when Rat-baiting, ratting, dog fighting, fighting, and Bait (dogs), baiting. Tail docking is done in modern times either for prophylaxis, prophylactic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinna (anatomy)
The auricle or auricula is the visible part of the ear that is outside the head. It is also called the pinna (Latin for 'wing' or ' fin', : pinnae), a term that is used more in zoology. Structure The diagram shows the shape and location of most of these components: * '' antihelix'' forms a 'Y' shape where the upper parts are: ** ''Superior crus'' (to the left of the ''fossa triangularis'' in the diagram) ** ''Inferior crus'' (to the right of the ''fossa triangularis'' in the diagram) * ''Antitragus'' is below the ''tragus'' * ''Aperture'' is the entrance to the ear canal * ''Auricular sulcus'' is the depression behind the ear next to the head * ''Concha'' is the hollow next to the ear canal * Conchal angle is the angle that the back of the ''concha'' makes with the side of the head * ''Crus'' of the helix is just above the ''tragus'' * ''Cymba conchae'' is the narrowest end of the ''concha'' * External auditory meatus is the ear canal * ''Fossa triangularis'' is the depression ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otoplasty
Otoplasty (, , "ear" + , , "to shape") is a procedure for correcting the deformities and defects of the Pinna (anatomy), auricle (Ear, external ear), whether these defects are congenital defect, congenital conditions (e.g. microtia, anotia, etc.) or caused by Trauma (medicine), trauma. Otoplastic surgeons may reshape, move, or augment the cartilage, cartilaginous support framework of the auricle to correct these defects. Congenital ear deformities occasionally overlap with other medical conditions (e.g. Treacher Collins syndrome and hemifacial microsomia). History Antiquity Otoplasty (surgery of the ear) was developed in History of India, ancient India and is described in the medical compendium, the (Sushruta's Compendium, ). The book discussed otoplastic and other plastic surgery techniques and procedures for correcting, repairing and reconstructing ears, Rhinoplasty, noses, lips, and genitalia that were amputated as criminal, religious, and military punishments. The ancient Ind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dorling-Kindersley
Dorling Kindersley Limited (branded as DK) is a British multinational publishing company specialising in illustrated reference books for adults and children in 63 languages. It is part of Penguin Random House, a subsidiary of German media conglomerate Bertelsmann. Established in 1974, DK publishes a range of titles in genres including travel (including DK Eyewitness Travel), history, geography, science, space, nature, sports, gardening, cookery, parenting and many others. The worldwide CEO of DK is Paul Kelly. DK has offices in New York, Melbourne, London, Munich, New Delhi, Toronto, Madrid, Beijing, and Jiangmen. DK works with licensing partners such as Disney, LEGO, DC Comics, the Royal Horticultural Society, MasterChef, and the Smithsonian Institution. DK has commissioned authors such as Mary Berry, Monty Don, Robert Winston, Huw Richards, and Steve Mould for a range of books. History DK was founded in 1974 by Christopher Dorling and Peter Kindersley in London as a bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bruce Fogle
Bruce Fogle, (born 17 February 1944) is a vet and author of pet care books and travel narratives. Canadian by birth, he has lived and worked in London for over 40 years. Early life and education Fogle was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, where he grew up and was educated. His father was a Scottish Jew. Bruce graduated in 1970 with a Doctor of veterinary medicine degree from the Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph in Guelph, Ontario. Career After graduation, Fogle worked as a vet for the Zoological Society of London at London Zoo. In 1973 Fogle set up his own practice, the Portman Veterinary Clinic. This expanded and is now named the London Veterinary Clinic. Outside his profession, Fogle is the co-founder and vice-chairman of the charity Hearing Dogs for Deaf People. In 2004, he was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire for services to deaf people. He is chairman of Humane Society International, which celebrates animals and confronts cruelty w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wolf Collar
A wolf collar (also known as or , ) is a type of dog collar designed to protect livestock guardian dogs from attack by wolves. Wolf collars are fitted with elongated spikes to stop wolves from attacking dogs on the neck. Such collars are used by shepherds in many countries including Italy, Spain and Turkey. Ancient Greeks used such collars to protect their dogs from wolf attacks. In Latin the collar was called ''mellum'' or ''maelium'' or ''mellum'' or ''millus''. Marcus Terentius Varro wrote that the farm dogs should have spiked collars for protection against wolves and other wild animals. War dogs in ancient Greece and Rome had collars with large spikes. Use A wolf collar is normally made out of metals such as steel. The length of the spikes can be quite long, but styles differ in different places. The dogs that normally wore the collars were ones used to protect livestock Livestock are the Domestication, domesticated animals that are raised in an Agriculture, agric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auricle (anatomy)
The auricle or auricula is the visible part of the ear that is outside the head. It is also called the pinna (Latin for 'wing' or ' fin', : pinnae), a term that is used more in zoology. Structure The diagram shows the shape and location of most of these components: * ''antihelix'' forms a 'Y' shape where the upper parts are: ** ''Superior crus'' (to the left of the ''fossa triangularis'' in the diagram) ** ''Inferior crus'' (to the right of the ''fossa triangularis'' in the diagram) * ''Antitragus'' is below the ''tragus'' * ''Aperture'' is the entrance to the ear canal * ''Auricular sulcus'' is the depression behind the ear next to the head * ''Concha'' is the hollow next to the ear canal * Conchal angle is the angle that the back of the ''concha'' makes with the side of the head * ''Crus'' of the helix is just above the ''tragus'' * ''Cymba conchae'' is the narrowest end of the ''concha'' * External auditory meatus is the ear canal * ''Fossa triangularis'' is the depression ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheep Shearing
Sheep shearing is the process by which the Wool, woollen fleece of a sheep is cut off. The person who removes the sheep's wool is called a ''Sheep shearer, shearer''. Typically each adult sheep is shorn once each year (depending upon dialect, a sheep may be said to have been "shorn", "sheared" or "shore" [in Australia]). The annual shearing most often occurs in a shearing shed, a facility especially designed to process often hundreds and sometimes more than 3,000 sheep per day. A working group of shearers and accompanying wool workers is known as a ''shearing gang''. Sheep are shorn in all seasons including winter, depending on the climate, management requirements and the availability of a Wool classing, woolclasser and wikt:Special:Search/shearer, shearers. Ewes are normally shorn prior to lambing in the warmer months, but consideration is typically made as to the welfare of the lambs by not shearing during cold climate winters. However, in high country regions, pre lamb she ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maremmano-Abruzzese Sheepdog
The Maremmano-Abruzzese Sheepdog (), also known as the Maremmano, Maremma Sheepdog, or Abruzzese Sheepdog (), among other names, is an Italian breed of livestock guardian dog. It is indigenous to central Italy, especially to the Maremma region of Tuscany and Lazio, and to northern areas of Southern Italy, particularly to Abruzzo. It has been used for centuries by Italian shepherds to guard sheep from wolves. The "Maremmano" name derives from that of the Maremma marshlands where, until recently, shepherds, dogs and hundreds of thousands of sheep over-wintered, and where the dogs are still abundant although sheep-farming has decreased substantially. However, the breed is still widely employed in and closely culturally associated with the nearby region of Abruzzo, where sheep herding remains vital to the rural economy and where the wolf (specifically the Apennine wolf) remains an active and protected predator. The "Abruzzese" portion of the dog's name derives from its ubiquity in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
