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Crispiness
Crispiness or crispness is one of the most common food texture attributes. Crispiness refers to a hard food that emits a sound upon fracturing. Foods described as crisp tend not to show signs of deformation prior to fracture. Crispiness and crunchiness are often used interchangeably, however crispiness tends to be associated with a higher pitched sound, while crunchiness is associated with lower pitched sounds; however, this type of level of heating in cooking generally has a soft tender inside left after heating. Cooking techniques for crispiness There are a number of techniques to achieve crispiness when cooking. Frying food can make it crispy, such as seen in french fries. A breading coating using flour, egg wash, and bread crumbs will provide a layer of crispiness.{{cite book, author=Editors, America's Test Kitchen , title=The Science of Good Cooking, publisher=America's Test Kitchen, 2012 , page=152f , isbn=978-1-933615-98-1, year=2012 Baking and roasting impart cris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pernil
Pernil (pernil asado, pernil al horno, roast pork) is a slow-roasted marinated pork leg or pork shoulder common in Latin American cuisine, including that of Puerto Rico. Pernil is typically accompanied by rice and is commonly shared during Christmas. The pork shoulder is used as a whole piece, with skin and bone. It is marinated the day prior to roasting with sofrito, salt and pepper, plus possibly additional spices (oregano and adobo). Sofrito is placed deep within the meat through small cuts. After marination the covered meat is slowly roasted initially in the oven for several hours, and, in the final phase, at a higher temperature with the cover off to get the skin crisp. When finished, the meat falls off the bone, and the crisp skin (''cuero'') is separated, cleared of fat, and can be served separately as cueritos (pork skin chips). See also * Jokbal * Griot (food) References [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Food Texture
Mouthfeel refers to the physical sensations in the mouth caused by food or drink, making it distinct from taste. It is a fundamental sensory attribute which, along with taste and smell, determines the overall flavor of a food item. Mouthfeel is also sometimes referred to as texture. It is used in many areas related to the testing and evaluating of foodstuffs, such as wine-tasting and food rheology. It is evaluated from initial perception on the palate to first bite, through chewing to swallowing and aftertaste. In wine-tasting, for example, mouthfeel is usually used with a modifier (big, sweet, tannic, chewy, etc.) to the general sensation of the wine in the mouth. Research indicates texture and mouthfeel can also influence satiety with the effect of viscosity most significant. Mouthfeel is often related to a product's water activity—hard or crisp products having lower water activities and soft products having intermediate to high water activities. Qualities perceived ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crunchiness
Crunchiness is the sensation of muffled grinding of a foodstuff. Crunchiness differs from crispness in that a crisp item is quickly atomized, while a crunchy one offers sustained, granular resistance to jaw action. While crispness is difficult to maintain, crunchiness is difficult to overcome. Crunchy foods are associated with freshness, particularly in vegetables. In bready foods, crunchiness can instead be associated with staleness. Other foods regularly associated with the sensation include nuts and sweets. Relationship to sound Crispness and crunchiness could each be "assessed on the basis of sound alone, on the basis of oral-tactile clues alone, or on the basis of a combination of auditory and oral-tactile information". An acoustic frequency of 1.9 kHz seems to mark the threshold between the two sensations, with crunchiness at frequencies below, and crispness at frequencies above. See also *Chewiness *Mouthfeel Mouthfeel refers to the physical sensations in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frying
Frying is the cooking of food in cooking oil, oil or another fat. Similar to sautéing, pan-fried foods are generally turned over once or twice during cooking to make sure that the food is evenly cooked, using tongs or a spatula, whilst sautéed foods are cooked by "tossing in the pan". A large variety of foods may be fried. History Frying is believed to have first appeared in the Ancient Egyptian Ancient Egyptian cuisine, kitchen, during the Old Kingdom of Egypt, Old Kingdom, around 2500 BC.Tannahill, Reay. (1995). ''Food in History''. Three Rivers Press. p. 75 Around the Middle Ages, fried food became a common delicacy for wealthy people, with fried meats and vegetables becoming popular dishes. It is believed that frying was created, and used, as a way to preserve food. Variations Unlike water, fats can reach temperatures much higher than 100 °C (212 °F) before boiling. This paired with their heat absorption properties, neutral or desired taste, and non-tox ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Fries
French fries, or simply fries, also known as chips, and finger chips (Indian English), are '' batonnet'' or '' julienne''-cut deep-fried potatoes of disputed origin. They are prepared by cutting potatoes into even strips, drying them, and frying them, usually in a deep fryer. Pre-cut, blanched, and frozen russet potatoes are widely used, and sometimes baked in a regular or convection oven, such as an air fryer. French fries are served hot, either soft or crispy, and are generally eaten as part of lunch or dinner or by themselves as a snack, and they commonly appear on the menus of diners, fast food restaurants, pubs, and bars. They are typically salted and may be served with ketchup, vinegar, mayonnaise, tomato sauce, or other sauces. Fries can be topped more heavily, as in the dishes of poutine, loaded fries or chili cheese fries, and are occasionally made from sweet potatoes instead of potatoes. Preparation The standard method for cooking french fries is deep f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flour
Flour is a powder made by Mill (grinding), grinding raw grains, List of root vegetables, roots, beans, Nut (fruit), nuts, or seeds. Flours are used to make many different foods. Cereal flour, particularly wheat flour, is the main ingredient of bread, which is a staple food for many cultures. Maize flour, Corn flour has been important in Mesoamerican cuisine since ancient times and remains a staple in the Americas. Rye flour is a constituent of bread in both Central Europe and Northern Europe. Cereal flour consists either of the endosperm, cereal germ, germ, and bran together (whole-grain flour) or of the endosperm alone (refined flour). ''Meal'' is either differentiable from flour as having slightly coarser particle size (degree of comminution) or is synonymous with flour; the word is used both ways. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC has cautioned not to eat raw flour doughs or batters. Raw flour can contain harmful bacteria such as ''E. coli'' and needs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egg Wash
An egg wash is beaten eggs, sometimes mixed with another liquid such as water or milk, which is brushed onto the surface of a pastry before baking. Egg washes are also used as a step in the process of breading foods, providing a substrate for the breading to stick to. Egg washes can also be used on calzones or on fish. Use in pastries An egg wash is often used to make pastries shiny and golden or brown in color. It is also used to help toppings or coatings stick to the surface of the pastry, or to bind pastry parts together, such as empanadas or other en croute recipes. Egg wash can usually be made with 30 ml or two tablespoons of liquid, such as milk or water, for every egg. Less liquid makes for a darker wash. The part of the egg used and liquid added determines the finished look of the crust. Vegan varieties Vegan substitutes for egg wash include vegetable oil, non-dairy milk and butter substitutes, and light corn syrup Corn syrup is a food syrup that is made from the st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bread Crumbs
Breadcrumbs are a culinary ingredient consisting of flour or crumbled bread of varying dryness, sometimes with seasonings added. They are used for a variety of purposes, including breading or crumbing foods before frying (such as breaded cutlets like tonkatsu and schnitzel), topping casseroles, stuffing poultry, thickening stews, and adding inexpensive bulk to soups, meatloaves, and similar foods. Types Dry Dry breadcrumbs are made from dry breads which have been baked or toasted to remove most remaining moisture, and may have a sandy or even powdery texture. Breadcrumbs are most easily produced by pulverizing slices of bread in a food processor, using a steel blade to make coarse crumbs, or a grating blade to make fine crumbs. A grater or similar tool will also do. Fresh The breads used to make soft or fresh breadcrumbs are not quite as dry, so the crumbs are larger and produce a softer coating, crust, or stuffing. The ''crumb'' of ''breadcrumb'' also refers to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
America's Test Kitchen
''America's Test Kitchen'' (originally ''America's Test Kitchen from Cook's Illustrated Magazine'') is a half-hour long American cooking show broadcast by public television stations and Create and distributed by American Public Television. Originally hosted by Christopher Kimball, the program currently is co-hosted by Julia Collin Davison and Bridget Lancaster. On the show, a handful of test cooks are filmed in a real, working test kitchen, including hosts Davison and Lancaster and chefs Keith Dresser, Becky Hayes, Lan Lam, Erin McMurrer, Elle Simone Scott, and Dan Souza. Also, Bryan Roof, Christie Morrison, Ashley Moore, Lawman Johnson, and Morgan Bolling prepare recipes as they discuss what works, what doesn't, and why, highlighting the rigorous recipe testing process at the core of the test kitchen's mission. Equipment expert Adam Ried, gadget critic Lisa McManus, and tasting expert Jack Bishop help viewers understand what to look for when buying gear and ingredients. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peking Duck
Peking duck is a dish from Beijing that has been prepared since the Imperial era. The meat is characterized by its thin, crispy skin, with authentic versions of the dish serving mostly the skin and little meat, sliced in front of the diners by the cook. Ducks bred especially for the dish are slaughtered after 65 days and seasoned before being roasted in a closed or hung oven. The meat is often eaten with spring onion, cucumber, and sweet bean sauce, with pancakes rolled around the fillings. Crispy aromatic duck is a similar dish to Peking duck and is popular in the United Kingdom. History Ducks have been roasted in China since the Southern and Northern dynasties. A variation of roast duck was prepared by the emperor of China in the Yuan dynasty. The dish, originally named "shāo yāzi" (燒鴨子), was mentioned in the ''Complete Recipes for Dishes and Beverages'' (飲膳正要) manual in 1330 by Hu Sihui (忽思慧), an inspector of the imperial kitchen. The Peking roas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porchetta
Porchetta () is a savory, fatty, and moist boneless pork roast of Italian culinary tradition. The carcass is deboned and spitted or roasted traditionally over wood for at least eight hours, fat and skin still on. In some traditions, porchetta is stuffed with liver and wild fennel, although many versions do not involve stuffing. Porchetta is usually heavily salted and can be stuffed with garlic, rosemary, fennel, or other herbs, often wild. Porchetta has been selected by the Italian Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policy as a (PAT), one of a list of traditional Italian foods held to have cultural relevance. In Italy Although popular in the whole country, porchetta originated in central Italy, with Ariccia (in the province of Rome) being the town most closely associated with it. Elsewhere, it is considered a celebratory dish. Across Italy, porchetta is usually sold by pitchmen with their typically white-painted vans, especially during public displays or holida ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pernil
Pernil (pernil asado, pernil al horno, roast pork) is a slow-roasted marinated pork leg or pork shoulder common in Latin American cuisine, including that of Puerto Rico. Pernil is typically accompanied by rice and is commonly shared during Christmas. The pork shoulder is used as a whole piece, with skin and bone. It is marinated the day prior to roasting with sofrito, salt and pepper, plus possibly additional spices (oregano and adobo). Sofrito is placed deep within the meat through small cuts. After marination the covered meat is slowly roasted initially in the oven for several hours, and, in the final phase, at a higher temperature with the cover off to get the skin crisp. When finished, the meat falls off the bone, and the crisp skin (''cuero'') is separated, cleared of fat, and can be served separately as cueritos (pork skin chips). See also * Jokbal * Griot (food) References [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
